Problem of responsibility and freedom ROHLENOVÁ, LUCIE. Problem of responsibility and freedom. Praha: Faculty of Education, Charles University, 2012, 69 pp. Diploma Thesis. The diploma thesis will devote to the progress of the phenomenon of the liberty in the modern period from Spinoza to Lévinas. The diploma thesis is mainly based on the major publications of philosophers, B. Spinoza, I. Kant, K. Jaspers, J.-P. Sartre, E. Levinas. The thesis focuses in the terms responsibility and liberty which assume different and more profound meaning in their philosophy. Baruch Spinoza connects the liberty with the independence, with the causal independece. The independent thing is the thing which is the source of own action. In this meaning we can say that only God is independent. Immanuel Kant presented the new dimension of the liberty in ethics which extended the solution of the etical philosophy. The person is the being who constructs the moral word from own liberty and accountable to himself or herself and the other people. Emphasis is placed on Karl Jaspers' major publication The Question of German Guilt. The blame is analysed in this publication and it is classified into four aspects-criminal, political, moral and metaphysical blame. Jeana Paul Sartre is the author of the idea that our body and...

Cette étude est entièrement consacrée à un examen du deuxième chapitre du premier livre des "Politiques" d'Aristote. Elle vise à analyser l'affirmation aristotélicienne selon laquelle l'homme est un animal plus politique que les autres animaux politiques (Pol., I, 1, 1253a7-9). Tous les commentateurs d'Aristote expliquent cette affirmation par référence à la rationalité, ou à la moralité ou encore à la capacité langagière de l'homme. Selon l'idée soutenue dans cette étude, bien que ces traits exclusivement humains ne soient pas impertinents à la forme spécifique que prend la vie politique de l'homme, le plus haut degré de son caractère politique ne peut pas s'expliquer en fonction d'eux. Après un examen détaillés des plusieurs difficultés que l'on rencontre dans les commentaires contemporains des Politiques, 1,2, nous avons développé la thèse que selon Aristote l'homme est le plus politique des animaux politiques parce qu'il est un animal grégaire à multiple communautés. D'après Aristote, l'homme développe cette multiplicité de communautés en vue de l'autosuffisance. Pour pouvoir montrer que cette interprétation est en conformité avec une autre affirmation d'Aristote selon laquelle la polis existe en vue du bien-vivre, nous avons aussi démontré qu'il existe chez le Stagirite des éléments d'une notion de bien-vivre qui relève moins de la moralité que des conditions animales de l'homme et que c'est dans ce dernier sens que l'existence de la polis en vue du bien-vivre doit être comprise. / This dissertation is dedicated to an exclusive study of Aristotle's "Politics", I, 2. It aims at analyzing Aristotle's affirmation that human beings are more political than the other political animals (Pol., I, 1, 1253a7-9). According to the most widely shared views about Aristotle's argument here, human beings would be more political either because they are rational, or because they have a natural capacity for speech or because they are perceptive about questions of morality. According to the idea defended in this study, although these exclusively human features are not impertinent to the specific form that human beings' political life takes, human beings' higher degree of politicalness cannot be explained on the basis of them. After a detailed examination of certain difficulties and shortcomings in contemporary commentaries on Politics, l, 2, we develop the thesis that according to Aristotle, the human being is more political because it is a gregarious animal of multiple communities. For Aristotle, human beings develop this multiplicity of communities for the sake of self-sufficiency. In order to show that this thesis is in conformity with Aristotle's other main idea that the polis exists for the sake of living-well, we demonstrate that elements of a different conception of living-well, based more on human being's animality than its rnorality, are present in Aristotle’s work. Aristotle's affirmation that the polis exists for the sake of living-well must be understood in this rather zoological sense of living-well.

M.Sc. / The configuration of the supercontinent Rodinia, at the end of the Mesoproterozoic to the beginning of the Neoproterozoic (1100-750 Ma), and its subsequent break up into cratonic fragments that would later result in the formation of Gondwana (Early Palaeozoic), is still not completely understood. This is largely due to ambiguity surrounding relationships between cratons, craton evolution and timing of significant tectonic or sedimentary events. Particular to this study is the evolution and palaeogeographic history of the Kalahari Craton and a comprehensive provenance analysis of Neoproterozoic to early Palaeozoic clastic sedimentary rocks from the Kango Inlier (Saldania Belt, South Africa). This includes the Cango Caves and Kansa Groups as well as the Schoemanspoort and the adjacent Peninsula Formation (Table Mountain Group, Cape Supergroup). A well established lithostratigraphy, in addition to recent establishment of age constraints by UPb zircon dating and microfossil evidence, allowed for strategic sampling with the objective of gaining insight to the crustal evolution of SW Gondwana. In this study, a progression from immature, moderately altered rocks in the Cango Caves Group (Upper Neoproterozoic) to mature, strongly altered rocks in the Lower Palaeozoic Kansa Group and overlying formations is observed. Thus, rapid sedimentation of the former is anticipated, while the subsequent formations developed at a passive/rifted margin culminating in the laterally extensive deposition of the Peninsula Formation. Ongoing extensional movement is evident due to chronologically deeper-water facies and the progressive influence of a less fractionated component in the Cango Caves Group, particularly in the Huis Rivier Formation. The association of these rocks with an active margin is not certain since index trace element concentrations are too high for typical arc terranes. Thus, the mixing of a younger (570-600 Ma) magmatic source (close to an active margin) with mafic and felsic rocks of the older Mesoproterozoic Natal- Namaqua Mobile Belt (NMB) is the most likely possibility. A maximum, pre-Cape Granite age of 571 Ma can be assigned to the Huis Rivier Formation (Cango Caves Group) by detrital zircon dating, and thus correlation with the Malmesbury Group can be made. Ediacaran age zircons might be related to the active continental margin (Trans Antarctic Orogen) surrounding southern Gondwana, but this is still hypothetical. The post-Cape Granite Kansa Group and overlying Schoemanspoort Formation were most likely deposited as basin infill subsequent to folding and transtensional tectonics affecting the underlying Cango Caves Group. The Kansa Group may be comparable with the Klipheuwel Formation (southwest South Africa) in terms of its stratigraphic position beneath the Table Mountain Group. Deposition of the Table Mountain Group is much younger than previously believed in light of Ordovician zircon ages (471, 485, 499 Ma) obtained from the underlying Kansa Group. However, the provenance of these thus far unheard of ages for magmatic events in South Africa is a matter of contention. The proximal Ordovician Ross-Delamerian Orogenic event in Antarctica is the most likely source. Peninsula Formation deposition represents a cover sequence i.e. the culmination of small isolated basins (e.g. the Kansa Group and lower Table Mountain Group) into a larger, laterally extensive basin where reworking played a dominant role. This basin is likely to be a rift-related. However, it is not clear which crustal entity rifted away from vi South Africa and if, during the Ordovician an, active continental margin further to the south - bridging the South American Famatina Orogen with the Ross-Delamerian arc in Antarctica - existed. The Natal-Namaqua Mobile Belt appears to be the predominant source throughout the succession as indicated by Nd-isotope data and zircon populations. This implies that simple crustal recycling of Natal-Namaqua basement (or rocks with similar Nd-isotope characteristics) led to the genesis of the magmatic material younger than 1 Ga, observed in this study.

This work deals with the term goodwill and its analysis of the legal system in the Czech Republic. Compares the relationship of "good reputation" and "goodwill". It also considers the relationship of goodwill and trademarks. It refers to the modern concept of goodwill in respect to trademarks. This work also introduced a system of passing off (unauthorized use of the sign) in UK law. In passing off goodwill is an important element in assessing whether the passing off occurred or not. It also examines the understanding of the goodwill in the Anglo-American legal system. It describes several theories of goodwill, according to legal-historical developments. It also discusses the possibility of transferability of goodwill.

This research strives to illuminate the concept of "Christian values" and it points out the possible connection between this term and the ethics of values. At the beginning is introduced a reflection on the "Christian values" from both philosophical and theological point of view, then we try to find a connection between the Christian values and the ethics of values. The paper is methodologically structured in several subsequent steps. The first one is the reflection on the concept of "value" in the philosophy of values (20th century). the emphasis is put on the connection between the term "value" and the term "good", because we work on the assumption that there is some non-specific relationship between the good and the values. The following step is a theological elaborate of the term "value" that proceeds from a biblical examination, during which we concentrate non only on the term itself but also on the question if the value-focused thinking in the Scripture has a specific implicit form. Thereafter we examine the term of "value" from the systematic-theology point of view. At first we try to look into the values as an expression of the Divine perfection, then we move on to the moral-theological view, where we present the Christian interpretation of values. With this theological examination we lay the foundations for the determination of "Christian values". In the final part of the paper we present the connection between values and the ethics of values. We examine in detail the definition of the ethics of values itself, consequently we talk about the role of values in the ethics of values as well as the theological development of this doctrine. We can conclude that a satisfactory and widely accepted definition of values does not exist, which is why we also examined the term of "good" in order to find the differences between the two terms. We came to the conclusion that the difference is not convincingly explained by the ethics of values. In the theological reflection of the term "value" we tried to find a biblical foundation for values. The language analysis of the biblical texts showed that the term of values is not very frequent in the Bible and less it is in the contemporary understanding of the texts. However, deeper examination of individual texts of the New Testament showed that value-oriented statements can be found relatively often in the Bible. These statements concern the highest value, as well as the hierarchy of natural and supernatural values, etc. The next step of the theological reflection showed, that in the christian understanding, God is the source of all good/values. He is the originator and the aim of all that is and al that comes from him is good. The ethics of virtues is interesting because it differs from another normative ethics by its theological thinking. It focuses on human action from the point of view of the ultimate goal of human life. It is also associated with natural law. Indeed, each of the cardinal virtues is based on some of the basic benefits of human nature. Cultivating the virtues in life leads one to the goal of life, whether it is a naturally successful life or, in the Christian concept, eternal life, that is, communion with God. In the final step, let's take a look at the very notion of "Christian values." First of all, an inclusive concept is possible, which is based on the fact that God is the originator of all that is good, and therefore all goodness can be understood as good Christian. But then there is no difference between good and Christian good. Perhaps only in the perspective of the person who evaluates this good. Secondly, the concept of exclusive is also possible, with Christian values being what is specifically Christian, that is, what has its foundation in Revelation. In other words, it is the good / value that we would not know if it were not for Christianity.

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the degree: Masters in Development Theory and Policy in the Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management at the University of Witwatersrand / South Africa enshrines itself as a democratic developing country that adheres to the principles of good governance and acknowledges the role that civil society participation in state affairs can have. The purpose of this study was to establish the role and effectiveness of NEDLAC’s social dialogue process through evaluating the contribution of civil society participation in the Development Chamber; and to understand the relationship between NEDLAC’s social dialogue model and the World Bank ideology on civil society participation in policy making. The study highlights that NEDLAC remains one of the key vehicles for social dialogue in South Africa and there have been positive contributions by civil society participation in the NEDLAC process. It takes its premise from the ILO model of social dialogue, whilst it also adapts from the World Bank ideology of civil society participation by including civil society in the process, through the Development Chamber. However, the effectiveness of civil society participation in policy making through NEDLAC is at risk due to the impact of the changing socioeconomic environment. In many ways this study highlights contradictions in South Africa’s social dialogue process. The Development Chamber is not being optimally used for its intended purposes as representativity and accountability of the community organisations are a concern; whilst there is an increasingly active civil society, demonstrated by civil unrest, which is not part of this social dialogue process.

A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Architecture, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Johannesburg, 1996 / This thesis is set within the historical context of the commercial empire of the VOC (Dutch East India Company), which established a refreshment post for its ships at the Cape of Good Hope, South Africa, in 1652. The central proposition of the thesis is that the architectural principles established at the Cape between 1652 and 1710 had a greater influence on subsequent developments than has previously been acknowledged. This proposition challenges the widely accepted theory that Cape Dutch architecture developed as an evolution from vernacular beginnings. Re.search in the field to date has focused largely on Cape Dutch buildings, dating from after the mid-18th century, and on later survivals of vernacular types. As a result the buildings erected prior to 1710, defined here as proto-Cape Dutch, have been largely ignored. To redress this imbalance, the thesis investigates the proto-Cape Dutch period in its own right, by presenting the widest possible range of building types erected during this period. Since few of these buildings survive, the evidence for the thesis was derived largely from archival material. This comprised three types of contemporary sources: the official records of the VOC, the written accounts of visitors to the Cape, and the drawings of visiting artists. Some sources were clearly unreliable, but in several cases it was possible to reconcile evidence which initially appeared to be contradictory. The interpretation and evaluation of this research is addressed in Part 1 of the thesis. The architectural evidence is presented in Part 2, where the process of analysis and reconciliation is revealed. This process facilitated the detailed reconstruction of some of the more prominent buildings of the proto-Cape Dutch period no longer in existence. The thesis contends that such buildings, with sophisticated plans and Renaissance proportions, were the stimulus for the development of Cape Dutch architecture later in the 18th century. The thesis thus comprises three major components: the development of a research method; the re-evaluation through this method of a number of buildings known primarily from documentary sources; and the proposition based on this re-evaluation that Cape Dutch architecture was a simplification of the precedent established by the more sophisticated buildings of the proto-Cape Dutch period. The method employed and the conclusions drawn from the evidence may suggest applications in similar colonial circumstances elsewhere. LIST OF KEY WORDS Cape Dutch architecture - Civil engineering works - Dutch colonial architecture - Fortifications - Hospitals - Non-residential buildings - Proto-Cape Dutch architecture - Religious buildings - Residential buildings - Town planning / WS2017

Thesis (M.M. (Public Policy))--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, Graduate School of Public and Development Management, 2013. / Globally, there is an increasing emphasis on results-based monitoring and evaluation (M&E) systems. The emphasis on M&E systems is driven by the need to: promote good governance; improve government’s performance and public accountability; comply with international donor funding requirements; achieve the millennium development goals; and respond to economic and social pressures experienced by countries. A readiness assessment is considered a critical first step and the foundation of results-based M&E system. In light of limited evidence, the aim of this study was to examine the state of readiness of the Limpopo Department of Health (LDOH) to implement the new results-based M&E policy framework. The research approach selected for this study was qualitative in nature, and provided a systematic inquiry of the state of readiness of the LDOH for the implementation of the new results-based M&E policy framework. The study employed in-depth interviews and document analysis to obtain information, in order to bring rich insights, meaning, values and holistic views to the study questions. A key finding that emerged from the study is the existence of an enabling legislative and policy environment for the implementation of the results-based M&E system. However, there are several factors that mitigate against the successful implementation of the results-based M&E system. These included sub-optimal leadership and accountability; structural weaknesses with high vacancy rates and unclear roles and responsibilities; lack of integrated management information and M&E systems; inadequate infrastructure and resources; and problems with M&E culture, capacity and skills development. The overall conclusion of the study is that the LDOH is not ready to implement a results-based M&E system. Key recommendations include dedicated resources (finances, staff, etc.) for implementation, strong leadership at political and management level, strengthening capacity and systems; and focus on the establishment of an integrated results-based M&E system, without neglecting processes and the organisational culture.

Thesis advisor: R. Shep Melnick / This paper analyzes Pope Francis’s view of politics, particularly politics in the United States. Beginning with his speech before a special joint session of Congress on September 24, 2015, this paper explores many of the themes the Pope introduces in this speech, and compares those themes to those in other works he has published since being elected Pontiff in 2013. Then, this paper applies what he has said about contemporary American politics with the analysis of other scholars of American politics. Ultimately, I find that the Pope is very aware of problems in the United States, but hopes to present a positive alternative to address what he identifies as the contemporary world’s ills. / Thesis (MA) — Boston College, 2016. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Political Science.

A tese é uma análise interpretativa do trecho conhecido como símile do Sol na obra República de Platão (508b-509b). Esta análise tem por base dois vieses: i) aquele das questões de relação entre autor e seus personagens, e das questões da relação dos personagens com o próprio drama vigente no diálogo; e ii) aquele das questões relativas à argumentação metafísica apresentada nesta parte do debate, seja quanto aos seus conteúdos, seja quanto aos métodos nela empregados. Estas duas perspectivas de abordagem do símile são atravessadas tendo como fio condutor da exegese o elemento dramático que o próprio autor Platão fez questão que se seguisse à exposição de Sócrates da analogia solar: a reação do personagem Glauco, sobretudo a seguinte passagem: E Glauco muito humorosamente falou: Ah, Apolo, mas que exagero extraordinário! (República VI 509c1-2). O símile do Sol assim é analisado segundo os seus possíveis aspectos de autoria, drama, comicidade e religiosidade, de um lado, e, do outro, segundo os aspectos de sua relação com alguns pontos filosóficos apresentados pelo próprio personagem Sócrates platônico no diálogo e alhures, como a assim chamada Teoria das Ideias, o chamado caminho mais longo, e alguns aludidos métodos de investigação. A partir disso, o presente estudo pretende discutir com, e lançar dúvidas sobre, algumas posições que a tradição da filosofia ocidental construiu nos séculos XX e XXI a respeito da Ideia de Bem dentro do texto da República. / This thesis is an interpretative analysis of the analogy known as simile of the Sun in Plato\'s Republic(508b-509b). The analysis is based on two perspectives: i) that of issues about relationship between author and his characters, and about relationship between the characters and own living drama in the dialogue; and ii) that of issues related to metaphysical argumentation presented in this part of work, whether about its contents or about its methods. In both these approach perspectives of the simile the exegesis\' leitmotiv is the dramatic element that author Plato himself decided put after Socrates\' exposition of analogy of sun: the reaction of character Glaucon, mainly this passage: And Glaucon very comically said: Oh, Apollo, what an extraordinary exaggeration! (RepublicVI 509c1-2). Therefore simile of Sun is analyzed according to its possible features of authorship, drama, comicality and religiosity, on one hand, and, on the other, according to its features about relationship between it and some points made by character Socrates himself in the dialogue and elsewhere, as so called Theory of Ideas, so called longer way, and some alluded to methods of inquiry. With these bases, this study intends discuss with, and cast doubts on, some positions developed at XX and XXI centuries by Western Philosophy tradition about Idea of Good within Republic\'s text.