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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
261

Algoritmy grafiky a video v GP-GPU / Graphics and Video Algorithms in GP-GPU

Kula, Michal January 2013 (has links)
This diploma thesis is focused on object detections through general-purpose computing on graphics processor units. There is an explanation of graphics adapters work and basics of their architecture in this thesis. Based on the adapters, there is the effective work in libraries for general-purpose computing on graphics processor units demonstrated in this thesis. Further, the thesis shows the available algorithms for object detection and which ones from them are possible to be effectively parallelized. In conclusion of this thesis, there is a comparison of the object detections speeds to common implementations on classical processors.
262

Částicové simulace v reálném čase / Real-Time Particle Simulations

Horváth, Zsolt January 2012 (has links)
Particle simulations in real-time become reality only a few years before, when in computer science occured the idea of GPGPU. This new technology allows use the massive force of graphics card for general purposes. Today, the trend is to accelerate existing algorithms by rewriting into parallel form. On this priciple operate the particle systems too. An interesting area of particle systems are fluid simulations. The simulations are based on the theory of Navier-Stokes equations and their numerical solutions with SPH (Smoothed particle hydrodynamics). Liquids are part of everyday life, and therefore it is important to render them realistically. They are used in modern computer games and different visualizations that run in real time, therefore they must be quickly displayed.
263

Realistický model oblohy / Realistic Model of the Sky

Brtník, Jan Unknown Date (has links)
The simulation of natural phenomena such as clouds, smoke, fire and water is one of the most important research areas in computer graphics. Clouds are an essential component of any outdoor virtual environment, they add an important element of visual detail without which the environment would feel unrealistic. This paper describes an approach for setting up a cloud simulation. Clouds in our system are modeled using cellular automaton. To accelerate the simulation and its visualization, we implement both  entirely on programmable floating-point graphics hardware. The main part of the algorithm is implemented in a fragment shader and therefore takes full advantage of the highly parallel structure. The algorithm can generate result at real-time or near real-time frame rates. We also simulate the interaction of clouds with light, including self-shadowing.
264

Algoritmy číslicového zpracování obrazu na grafických kartách / The algorithms of digital image processing on graphics cards

Bielczyk, Marek January 2016 (has links)
Purpose of this work is show possibility of using grapichs cart for imaging a video signal. This work is particularly focused on technology CUDA and OpenCL. The solution is first focused on graphics cart and show how has been changed components and how has been changed performaces of graphics cart. Then show CUDA and OpenCL technology itself, and show samples of codes with explain, what which code do. Output of this work is some programs, witch defined for both technology and for both procesors unit. Contribution of this work is show differents between procesors unit, witch can be used to right choose for design your own algorithm.
265

Verwendung von Grafikprozessoren zur Simulation von Diffusionsprozessen mit zufälligen Sierpiński-Teppichen

Lang, Jens 03 November 2008 (has links)
In dieser Arbeit wurde ein Verfahrung zur Random-Walk-Simulation auf fraktalen Strukturen untersucht. Es dient der Simulation von Diffusion in porösen Materialien. Konkret wurde der Mastergleichungsansatz zur Simulation eines Random Walks auf Sierpiński-Teppichen für GPGPUs (General Purpose Graphics Processing Units) in drei verschiedenen Versionen implementiert: Zunächst wurde die gesamte Fläche in einem zweidimensionalen Array gespeichert. Danach wurde eine Version untersucht, bei der nur die begehbaren Felder abgespeichert wurden. Diese Vorgehensweise spart Speicher, da die Sierpiński-Teppiche meist nur dünn besetzt sind. Weiter wurde die Implementierung verbessert, indem die Fläche jeweils dynamisch erweitert wird, wenn die Simulation an den Rand des vorhandenen Gebietes stößt. Die genutzten Grafikprozessoren arbeiten nach dem SIMD-Prinzip. Daher wurde zusätzlich untersucht, ob sich Laufzeitverbesserungen ergeben, wenn der Code dahingehend optimiert wird. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich in der Tat eine kürzere Laufzeit ergibt, wenn nur noch begehbare Felder abgespeichert werden. Noch weiter kann die Laufzeit mit der dynamischen Erweiterung der Simulationsfläche verkürzt werden. Optimierungen für die SIMD-Arbeitsweise der Prozessoren bringen jedoch keine Laufzeitver besserung. / This thesis investigates an algorithm for random walk simulations on fractal structures. Its purpose is the simulation of diffusion in porous materials. Indeed the master equation approach for the simulation of random walks on Sierpiński carpets has been implemented for GPGPUs (general purpose graphics processing units) in three different versions: In the first approach the whole carpet has been saved in a two-dimensional array. Secondly a version was investigated that only saves the present cells. This strategy saves memory as Sierpiński carpets are generally sparse. The implementation has been further improved by extending the carpet dynamically each time when the simulation reaches its current border. The graphics processing units that were used have a SIMD architecture. Therefore it has been investigated additionally if optimization for the SIMD architecture leads to performance improvements. The results show that execution time does indeed decrease if only present cells are being saved. It can be decreased further by dynamically extending the carpet. Optimizations for the SIMD architecture did not result in a reduced execution time.
266

Algorithmen der Bildanalyse und -synthese für große Bilder und Hologramme

Kienel, Enrico 27 November 2012 (has links)
Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit Algorithmen aus dem Bereich der Bildsegmentierung sowie der Datensynthese für das so genannte Hologrammdruck-Prinzip. Angelehnt an ein anatomisch motiviertes Forschungsprojekt werden aktive Konturen zur halbautomatischen Segmentierung digitalisierter histologischer Schnitte herangezogen. Die besondere Herausforderung liegt dabei in der Entwicklung von verschiedenen Ansätzen, die der Anpassung des Verfahrens für sehr große Bilder dienen, welche in diesem Kontext eine Größe von einigen hundert Megapixel erreichen können. Unter dem Aspekt der größtmöglichen Effizienz, jedoch mit der Beschränkung auf die Verwendung von Consumer-Hardware, werden Ideen vorgestellt, welche eine auf aktiven Konturen basierende Segmentierung bei derartigen Bildgrößen erstmals ermöglichen sowie zur Beschleunigung und Reduktion des Speicheraufwandes beitragen. Darüber hinaus wurde das Verfahren um ein intuitives Werkzeug erweitert, das eine interaktive lokale Korrektur der finalen Kontur gestattet und damit die Praxistauglichkeit der Methode maßgeblich erhöht. Der zweite Teil der Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit einem Druckprinzip für die Herstellung von Hologrammen, basierend auf virtuellen Abbildungsgegenständen. Der Hologrammdruck, der namentlich an die Arbeitsweise eines Tintenstrahldruckers erinnern soll, benötigt dazu spezielle diskrete Bilddaten, die als Elementarhologramme bezeichnet werden. Diese tragen die visuelle Information verschiedener Blickrichtungen durch einen festen geometrischen Ort auf der Hologrammebene. Ein vollständiges, aus vielen Elementarhologrammen zusammengesetztes Hologramm erzeugt dabei ein erhebliches Datenvolumen, das parameterabhängig schnell im Terabyte-Bereich liegen kann. Zwei unabhängige Algorithmen zur Erzeugung geeignet aufbereiteter Daten unter intensiver Ausnutzung von Standard-Graphikhardware werden präsentiert, hinsichtlich ihrer Berechnungs- sowie Speicherkomplexität verglichen und unter Berücksichtigung von Qualitätsaspekten bewertet.
267

Efficient multiple hypothesis tracking using a purely functional array language

Nolkrantz, Marcus January 2022 (has links)
An autonomous vehicle is a complex system that requires a good perception of the surrounding environment to operate safely. One part of that is multiple object tracking, which is an essential component in camera-based perception whose responsibility is to estimate object motion from a sequence of images. This requires an association problem to be solved where newly estimated object positions are mapped to previously predicted trajectories, for which different solution strategies exist.  In this work, a multiple hypothesis tracking algorithm is implemented. The purpose is to demonstrate that measurement associations are improved compared to less compute-intensive alternatives. It was shown that the implemented algorithm performed 13 percent better than an intersection over union tracker when evaluated using a standard evaluation metric. Furthermore, this work also investigates the usage of abstraction layers to accelerate time-critical parallel operations on the GPU. It was found that the execution time of the tracking algorithm could be reduced by 42 percent by replacing four functions with implementations written in the purely functional array language Futhark. Finally, it was shown that a GPU code abstraction layer can reduce the knowledge barrier required to write efficient CUDA kernels.
268

Využití GPU pro akcelerované zpracování obrazu / Image Processing on GPUs

Bačík, Ladislav January 2008 (has links)
This master thesis deals with modern technologies in graphic hardware and using their for general purpose computing. It is primary focused on architecture of unified processors and algorithm implementation via CUDA programming interface. Thesis base is to choose suited algorithm for GPU horsepower demonstration. Main aim of this work is implementation of multiplatform library offering algorithms for discrete volumetric data vectorization. For this purpose was chosen algorithm Marching cubes that is able to find surface of processed object. In created library will be contained algorithm runnable on graphic device and also one runnable on CPU. Finally we compare both variants and discuss their pros and cons.
269

Zobrazení bodů na přímky a jiné parametrizace přímek nejen pro Houghovu transformaci / Point to Line Mappings and Other Line Parameterizations not only for Hough Transform

Havel, Jiří January 2012 (has links)
Tato práce se zabývá Houghovou transformací (HT). HT je nejčastěji používána pro detekci přímek nebo křivek, ale byla zobecněna i pro detekci libovolných tvarů. Hlavní téma této práce jsou parametrizace přímek, speciálně PTLM - zobrazení bodů na přímky. Tyto parametrizace mají tu vlastnost, že bodům v obrázku odpovídají přímky v parametrickém prostoru. Tato práce poskytuje důkazy některých vlastností PTLM. Za zmínku stojí existence páru PTLM vhodného pro detekci a efekt konvoluce v obrázku na obsah parametrického prostoru. V práci jsou prezentovány dvě implementace HT. Obě využívají k akceleraci grafický hardware. Jedna využívá GPGPU API CUDA a druhá zobrazovací API OpenGL. Jako aplikace detekce přímek je uvedena část detekce šachovnicových markerů použitelných pro rozšířenou realitu.
270

Improving Performance and Energy Efficiency of Heterogeneous Systems with rCUDA

Prades Gasulla, Javier 14 June 2021 (has links)
Tesis por compendio / [ES] En la última década la utilización de la GPGPU (General Purpose computing in Graphics Processing Units; Computación de Propósito General en Unidades de Procesamiento Gráfico) se ha vuelto tremendamente popular en los centros de datos de todo el mundo. Las GPUs (Graphics Processing Units; Unidades de Procesamiento Gráfico) se han establecido como elementos aceleradores de cómputo que son usados junto a las CPUs formando sistemas heterogéneos. La naturaleza masivamente paralela de las GPUs, destinadas tradicionalmente al cómputo de gráficos, permite realizar operaciones numéricas con matrices de datos a gran velocidad debido al gran número de núcleos que integran y al gran ancho de banda de acceso a memoria que poseen. En consecuencia, aplicaciones de todo tipo de campos, tales como química, física, ingeniería, inteligencia artificial, ciencia de materiales, etc. que presentan este tipo de patrones de cómputo se ven beneficiadas, reduciendo drásticamente su tiempo de ejecución. En general, el uso de la aceleración del cómputo en GPUs ha significado un paso adelante y una revolución. Sin embargo, no está exento de problemas, tales como problemas de eficiencia energética, baja utilización de las GPUs, altos costes de adquisición y mantenimiento, etc. En esta tesis pretendemos analizar las principales carencias que presentan estos sistemas heterogéneos y proponer soluciones basadas en el uso de la virtualización remota de GPUs. Para ello hemos utilizado la herramienta rCUDA, desarrollada en la Universitat Politècnica de València, ya que multitud de publicaciones la avalan como el framework de virtualización remota de GPUs más avanzado de la actualidad. Los resutados obtenidos en esta tesis muestran que el uso de rCUDA en entornos de Cloud Computing incrementa el grado de libertad del sistema, ya que permite crear instancias virtuales de las GPUs físicas totalmente a medida de las necesidades de cada una de las máquinas virtuales. En entornos HPC (High Performance Computing; Computación de Altas Prestaciones), rCUDA también proporciona un mayor grado de flexibilidad de uso de las GPUs de todo el clúster de cómputo, ya que permite desacoplar totalmente la parte CPU de la parte GPU de las aplicaciones. Además, las GPUs pueden estar en cualquier nodo del clúster, independientemente del nodo en el que se está ejecutando la parte CPU de la aplicación. En general, tanto para Cloud Computing como en el caso de HPC, este mayor grado de flexibilidad se traduce en un aumento hasta 2x de la productividad de todo el sistema al mismo tiempo que se reduce el consumo energético en un 15%. Finalmente, también hemos desarrollado un mecanismo de migración de trabajos de la parte GPU de las aplicaciones que ha sido integrado dentro del framework rCUDA. Este mecanismo de migración ha sido evaluado y los resultados muestran claramente que, a cambio de una pequeña sobrecarga, alrededor de 400 milisegundos, en el tiempo de ejecución de las aplicaciones, es una potente herramienta con la que, de nuevo, aumentar la productividad y reducir el gasto energético del sistema. En resumen, en esta tesis se analizan los principales problemas derivados del uso de las GPUs como aceleradores de cómputo, tanto en entornos HPC como de Cloud Computing, y se demuestra cómo a través del uso del framework rCUDA, estos problemas pueden solucionarse. Además se desarrolla un potente mecanismo de migración de trabajos GPU, que integrado dentro del framework rCUDA, se convierte en una herramienta clave para los futuros planificadores de trabajos en clusters heterogéneos. / [CA] En l'última dècada la utilització de la GPGPU(General Purpose computing in Graphics Processing Units; Computació de Propòsit General en Unitats de Processament Gràfic) s'ha tornat extremadament popular en els centres de dades de tot el món. Les GPUs (Graphics Processing Units; Unitats de Processament Gràfic) s'han establert com a elements acceleradors de còmput que s'utilitzen al costat de les CPUs formant sistemes heterogenis. La naturalesa massivament paral·lela de les GPUs, destinades tradicionalment al còmput de gràfics, permet realitzar operacions numèriques amb matrius de dades a gran velocitat degut al gran nombre de nuclis que integren i al gran ample de banda d'accés a memòria que posseeixen. En conseqüència, les aplicacions de tot tipus de camps, com ara química, física, enginyeria, intel·ligència artificial, ciència de materials, etc. que presenten aquest tipus de patrons de còmput es veuen beneficiades reduint dràsticament el seu temps d'execució. En general, l'ús de l'acceleració del còmput en GPUs ha significat un pas endavant i una revolució, però no està exempt de problemes, com ara poden ser problemes d'eficiència energètica, baixa utilització de les GPUs, alts costos d'adquisició i manteniment, etc. En aquesta tesi pretenem analitzar les principals mancances que presenten aquests sistemes heterogenis i proposar solucions basades en l'ús de la virtualització remota de GPUs. Per a això hem utilitzat l'eina rCUDA, desenvolupada a la Universitat Politècnica de València, ja que multitud de publicacions l'avalen com el framework de virtualització remota de GPUs més avançat de l'actualitat. Els resultats obtinguts en aquesta tesi mostren que l'ús de rCUDA en entorns de Cloud Computing incrementa el grau de llibertat del sistema, ja que permet crear instàncies virtuals de les GPUs físiques totalment a mida de les necessitats de cadascuna de les màquines virtuals. En entorns HPC (High Performance Computing; Computació d'Altes Prestacions), rCUDA també proporciona un major grau de flexibilitat en l'ús de les GPUs de tot el clúster de còmput, ja que permet desacoblar totalment la part CPU de la part GPU de les aplicacions. A més, les GPUs poden estar en qualsevol node del clúster, sense importar el node en el qual s'està executant la part CPU de l'aplicació. En general, tant per a Cloud Computing com en el cas del HPC, aquest major grau de flexibilitat es tradueix en un augment fins 2x de la productivitat de tot el sistema al mateix temps que es redueix el consum energètic en aproximadament un 15%. Finalment, també hem desenvolupat un mecanisme de migració de treballs de la part GPU de les aplicacions que ha estat integrat dins del framework rCUDA. Aquest mecanisme de migració ha estat avaluat i els resultats mostren clarament que, a canvi d'una petita sobrecàrrega, al voltant de 400 mil·lisegons, en el temps d'execució de les aplicacions, és una potent eina amb la qual, de nou, augmentar la productivitat i reduir la despesa energètica de sistema. En resum, en aquesta tesi s'analitzen els principals problemes derivats de l'ús de les GPUs com acceleradors de còmput, tant en entorns HPC com de Cloud Computing, i es demostra com a través de l'ús del framework rCUDA, aquests problemes poden solucionar-se. A més es desenvolupa un potent mecanisme de migració de treballs GPU, que integrat dins del framework rCUDA, esdevé una eina clau per als futurs planificadors de treballs en clústers heterogenis. / [EN] In the last decade the use of GPGPU (General Purpose computing in Graphics Processing Units) has become extremely popular in data centers around the world. GPUs (Graphics Processing Units) have been established as computational accelerators that are used alongside CPUs to form heterogeneous systems. The massively parallel nature of GPUs, traditionally intended for graphics computing, allows to perform numerical operations with data arrays at high speed. This is achieved thanks to the large number of cores GPUs integrate and the large bandwidth of memory access. Consequently, applications of all kinds of fields, such as chemistry, physics, engineering, artificial intelligence, materials science, and so on, presenting this type of computational patterns are benefited by drastically reducing their execution time. In general, the use of computing acceleration provided by GPUs has meant a step forward and a revolution, but it is not without problems, such as energy efficiency problems, low utilization of GPUs, high acquisition and maintenance costs, etc. In this PhD thesis we aim to analyze the main shortcomings of these heterogeneous systems and propose solutions based on the use of remote GPU virtualization. To that end, we have used the rCUDA middleware, developed at Universitat Politècnica de València. Many publications support rCUDA as the most advanced remote GPU virtualization framework nowadays. The results obtained in this PhD thesis show that the use of rCUDA in Cloud Computing environments increases the degree of freedom of the system, as it allows to create virtual instances of the physical GPUs fully tailored to the needs of each of the virtual machines. In HPC (High Performance Computing) environments, rCUDA also provides a greater degree of flexibility in the use of GPUs throughout the computing cluster, as it allows the CPU part to be completely decoupled from the GPU part of the applications. In addition, GPUs can be on any node in the cluster, regardless of the node on which the CPU part of the application is running. In general, both for Cloud Computing and in the case of HPC, this greater degree of flexibility translates into an up to 2x increase in system-wide throughput while reducing energy consumption by approximately 15%. Finally, we have also developed a job migration mechanism for the GPU part of applications that has been integrated within the rCUDA middleware. This migration mechanism has been evaluated and the results clearly show that, in exchange for a small overhead of about 400 milliseconds in the execution time of the applications, it is a powerful tool with which, again, we can increase productivity and reduce energy foot print of the computing system. In summary, this PhD thesis analyzes the main problems arising from the use of GPUs as computing accelerators, both in HPC and Cloud Computing environments, and demonstrates how thanks to the use of the rCUDA middleware these problems can be addressed. In addition, a powerful GPU job migration mechanism is being developed, which, integrated within the rCUDA framework, becomes a key tool for future job schedulers in heterogeneous clusters. / This work jointly supported by the Fundación Séneca (Agencia Regional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Región de Murcia) under grants (20524/PDC/18, 20813/PI/18 and 20988/PI/18) and by the Spanish MEC and European Commission FEDER under grants TIN2015-66972-C5-3-R, TIN2016-78799-P and CTQ2017-87974-R (AEI/FEDER, UE). We also thank NVIDIA for hardware donation under GPU Educational Center 2014-2016 and Research Center 2015-2016. The authors thankfully acknowledge the computer resources at CTE-POWER and the technical support provided by Barcelona Supercomputing Center - Centro Nacional de Supercomputación (RES-BCV-2018-3-0008). Furthermore, researchers from Universitat Politècnica de València are supported by the Generalitat Valenciana under Grant PROMETEO/2017/077. Authors are also grateful for the generous support provided by Mellanox Technologies Inc. Prof. Pradipta Purkayastha, from Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, is acknowledged for kindly providing the initial ligand and DNA structures. / Prades Gasulla, J. (2021). Improving Performance and Energy Efficiency of Heterogeneous Systems with rCUDA [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/168081 / TESIS / Compendio

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