Techn. Universiẗat, Diss., 2001--Braunschweig.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-07-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:47:10Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 nardy_o_dr_rcla.pdf: 3226439 bytes, checksum: 5a6b6af0a77e36a028fdd67051607c4c (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Foram realizadas meta análises com o Gradiente Latitudinal de Riqueza de espécies, a Regra de Rapoport e sua interação para vertebrados ao longo de todo o Globo. Com os resultados é possível concluir que ambos os padrões são generalizáveis e consistentes para todos os grupos de vertebrados, no entanto nenhuma variável moderadora associada à característica ecológicas, biológicas ou biogeográficas pode ser confirmada como principal condicionante destes padrões, não apresentando padrões constantes entre hemisférios, continentes, classes, número de províncias biogeográficas, tamanho corpóreo ou outra variável analisada. Foram utilizados como effect sizes a inclinação da reta de regressão ou o coeficiente angular da regressão linear (b) e o Coeficiente de Correlação de Spearman corrigido por Z-Fisher (r), entre estes dois, o segundo apresentou melhores resultados referentes as suas adequações e restrições associadas a meta análise, tais como normalidade dos dados e pressupostos de viés de publicações. As variáveis moderadoras associadas a características metodológicas como poder do teste, significância e tamanho amostral apresentaram maior poder explicativo do padrão do que as demais variáveis, sugerindo uma necessidade de se adotar um padrão mais rigoroso no delineamento de estudos que abordem este tema. Para a Regra de Rapoport o método utilizado na confecção do teste foi a variável moderadora mais evidente para a detecção de uma estrutura nos dados. / In the present work where made meta analysis with Latitudinal Gradient of Species richness, Rapoport Rule and their interaction for vertebrates along a global scale. With the results is possible to conclude that both patterns are general for vertebrates, nevertheless none of the ecological, biological or biogeographical moderators variables could be confirmed as the primary cause of the patterns, don’t showing any constant pattern between hemispheres, continents, classes, number of biogeographical provinces or other analyzed variable. It will be used as effect size the angular coefficient or the linear regression (b) and the Spearman Correlation Coefficient transformed by Z-Fisher (r), among these two effect size, the second presents best results associated with restrictions and fits inherent to meta analysis, such as normality and publication bias. The moderator’s variables associates with methodological issues, like statistical power, significance and sample size show higher explanation strength than the others variables, suggesting a necessity of more strength methods in the studies that claim these global patterns. For Rapoport Rule the method used to do the test was the moderator variable more evident to detect some data structure.

abstract: Bioanalytes such as protein, cells, and viruses provide vital information but are inherently challenging to measure with selective and sensitive detection. Gradient separation technologies can provide solutions to these challenges by enabling the selective isolation and pre-concentration of bioanalytes for improved detection and monitoring. Some fundamental aspects of two of these techniques, isoelectric focusing and dielectrophoresis, are examined and novel developments are presented. A reproducible and automatable method for coupling capillary isoelectric focusing (cIEF) and matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) based on syringe pump mobilization is found. Results show high resolution is maintained during mobilization and &beta-lactoglobulin; protein isoforms differing by two amino acids are resolved. Subsequently, the instrumental advantages of this approach are utilized to clarify the microheterogeneity of serum amyloid P component. Comprehensive, quantitative results support a relatively uniform glycoprotein model, contrary to inconsistent and equivocal observations in several gel isoelectric focusing studies. Fundamental studies of MALDI-MS on novel superhydrophobic substrates yield unique insights towards an optimal interface between cIEF and MALDI-MS. Finally, the fundamentals of isoelectric focusing in an open drop are explored. Findings suggest this could be a robust sample preparation technique for droplet-based microfluidic systems. Fundamental advancements in dielectrophoresis are also presented. Microfluidic channels for dielectrophoretic mobility characterization are designed which enable particle standardization, new insights to be deduced, and future devices to be intelligently designed. Dielectrophoretic mobilities are obtained for 1 µm polystyrene particles and red blood cells under select conditions. Employing velocimetry techniques allows models of particle motion to be improved which in turn improves the experimental methodology. Together this work contributes a quantitative framework which improves dielectrophoretic particle separation and analysis. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Chemistry 2011

Master of Science / Department of Mathematics / Bacim Alali / Nonlocal vector calculus, introduced in generalizes differential operators' calculus to nonlocal calculus of integral operators. Nonlocal vector calculus has been applied to many fields including peridynamics, nonlocal diffusion, and image analysis. In this report, we present a vector calculus for nonlocal operators such as a nonlocal divergence, a nonlocal gradient, and a nonlocal Laplacian. In Chapter 1, we review the local (differential) divergence, gradient, and Laplacian operators. In addition, we discuss their adjoints, the divergence theorem, Green's identities, and integration by parts. In Chapter 2, we define nonlocal analogues of the divergence and gradient operators, and derive the corresponding adjoint operators. In Chapter 3, we present a nonlocal divergence theorem, nonlocal Green's identities, and integration by parts for nonlocal operators. In Chapter 4, we establish a connection between the local and nonlocal operators. In particular, we show that, for specific integral kernels, the nonlocal operators converge to their local counterparts in the limit of vanishing nonlocality.

La lithographie de nano-impression par déstabilisation spontanée de polymère est unevariante de la technique de nano-impression thermique, et permet de limiter le contact directentre moule et polymère. Le but de cette thèse est d’étudier cette déstabilisation spontanée etde déterminer si elle peut conduire à la formation de nanostructures en dupliquant de façonpositive un moule nano-structuré. Ce procédé est influencé, en particulier, par la température,le champ électrique externe ou interne au niveau des interfaces moule – air – polymère, ainsique par la distance d séparant les structures du moule et la surface du polymère.Les études réalisées au cours de cette thèse se sont concentrées sur l’influence de cesdifférents paramètres. Nous avons montré que la formation de motifs dépend plus de l’effetde charges que de la température, dans la mesure où le polymère peut néanmoins fluer. Nousavons surtout mis en évidence le scénario de structuration suivant : une duplication positiveapparaît dans un premier temps, et est suivie, dans certains cas, d’un remplissage des cavitésdu moule conduisant à une duplication négative. Un modèle théorique a été utilisé pourcalculer la longueur d’onde de déstabilisation la plus favorable, et une comparaison avec nosrésultats expérimentaux a permis d’expliquer pourquoi et dans quels cas la structurationfinale est positive ou négative. Une investigation a été accomplie sur la déstabilisationspontanée de substrats souples, mais la grande épaisseur des films conduit à unedéstabilisation de grande longueur d’onde, et donc à un remplissage complet du moule. / NanoImprint lithography by spontaneous polymer destabilization is an alternative toThermal NanoImprint, which limits physical contact between polymer and mold surfaces.The purpose of this thesis is to investigate this spontaneous destabilization and to work out ifit can lead to the formation of nanostructures by duplicating positively a structured mold.This process is in particular affected by temperature or electric field present at mold - air -polymer interfaces and by the distance d between the structures of the mold and the polymersurface.The studies of this thesis were focused on the influence of these process parameters. Itwas shown that the structuration depends more of charges’ effect than temperature, since thepolymer can creep. We highlighted the following scenario of structuration: a positiveduplication appears first and is followed, in some cases, by the filling of the mold cavitiesleading to a negative duplication. A theoretical model was used to calculate the mostfavorable destabilization wavelength, and a comparison with experimental results helped toexplain why and under which circumstances the final structuration is positive or negative. Aninvestigation was performed on the spontaneous destabilization of flexible substrate but thebigger thickness of flexible films led to a destabilisation with a wide wavelength and so tothe filling of molds’ cavities.

Orientador: Newton de Oliveira Pinto Junior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T09:19:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carmona_TiagoGarcia_M.pdf: 1542541 bytes, checksum: 8f386834340021978bc83fc4da322af0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: O uso de estruturas cilíndricas para armazenamento de líquidos e materiais granulares apresenta-se como uma eficiente solução, pois sob a ação da pressão interna desenvolvem-se predominantemente esforços de tração (esforços circunferenciais) nas paredes da estrutura. A obtenção dos esforços oriundos da pressão interna é apresentada de forma superficial nos primeiros capítulos do presente trabalho. A ocorrência de manifestações patológicas nestas estruturas muitas vezes está relacionada com o efeito de flexão na parede decorrente da ação de um gradiente térmico pela armazenagem de produtos a elevadas temperaturas. Para a análise deste efeito, são revisados conceitos de termodinâmica aplicados ao problema específico dos tanques. A consideração do efeito térmico é primeiramente apresentada segundo uma abordagem clássica com a seção não fissurada. Em seguida é apresentada uma formulação pouco difundida no meio técnico, onde a consideração da fissuração da seção de concreto armado modifica substancialmente o problema. É mostrado que o gradiente térmico não é capaz de produzir o estado limite último da seção, porém possui influência decisiva no controle da fissuração. Os conceitos teóricos são ilustrados pela apresentação de estudo de caso, onde após as análises decidiu-se pelo reforço com cabos externos protendidos não aderentes / Abstract: The use of cylindrical structures for storage of liquid and granular materials is an efficient solution of engineering, because under the action of the internal pressure, the wall develops preferentially tension forces (circumferential forces) in the structure walls. The first chapters of this work presents briefly how to obtain the internal forces caused by the pressure of the stored materials. Sometimes the occurrence of damages in cylindrical storage structures is related with a thermal gradient that generates bending effects in structures that store products at high temperature. For the analysis of this effect, concepts of thermodynamic are revised and applied for the case of tanks. The consideration of the thermal effect is first presented using a classic approach that takes in account a non-cracked section. After that it is present a not well known formulation, where the consideration of cracks in the reinforced concrete sections, bring great changes to the problem. It is shown that the thermal gradient is not able to produce an ultimate limit-state, but can have decisive influence in crack control. The theoretical concepts are illustrated with a case, where after the analysis, it was decided to reinforce the structure with external tendons / Mestrado / Estruturas / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

Orientador: Eneida de Paula, Cíntia Maria Saia Cereda / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T20:14:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_CamilaMoraisGoncalvesda_D.pdf: 5133404 bytes, checksum: 75be40905019d4e0f33087ae6cd585d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: A ropivacaína (RVC) é um anestésico local largamente utilizado em procedimentos cirúrgicos. Estudos com ropivacaína lipossomal ou complexada em ciclodextrinas apresentaram bons resultados, porém, anestesia ainda mais prolongada é necessária em procedimentos cirúrgicos de longa duração, no caso de dores crônicas ou no pós-operatório. Este estudo teve como objetivo aumentar a encapsulação da RVC em lipossomas, prolongar ainda mais o seu efeito anestésico e reduzir a sua citotoxicidade. Para isso, foram preparadas formulações lipossomais em pH 7,4: i) com diferentes composições lipídicas (fosfatidilcolina de soja/colesterol/?-tocoferol 2:1:0,07 mol%, fosfatidilcolina de ovo/colesterol/?-tocoferol 4:3:0,07 mol% e fosfatidilcolina de soja hidrogenada (HSPC)/colesterol 2:1 mol%); ii) de diferentes tipos (lipossomas unilamelares, multilamelares e multivesiculares); iii) contendo diferentes gradientes iônicos - composição interna das vesículas: pH 7,4 + sulfato de amônio, pH 5,5, pH 5,5 + sulfato de amônio ou pH 5,5 + citrato de sódio. As formulações preparadas foram caracterizadas quanto à morfologia, tamanho, potencial zeta, polidispersão, eficiência de encapsulação (%EE), cinética de liberação in vitro, permeabilidade do fármaco e grau de empacotamento da camada lipídica. Com o auxílio da quimiometria foram selecionadas as melhores formulações para as análises de estabilidade físico-química, citotoxicidade e efeito anestésico. A formulação de RVC a 0,75% em lipossomas multivesiculares de fosfatidilcolina de soja hidrogenada/colesterol com pH interno de 5,5 + 300 mM de citrato de sódio apresentou os melhores resultados: %EE de 62,5% e citotoxicidade reduzida, além de promover analgesia significativamente (p<0,05) mais prolongada (8 h) em camundongos pelo teste de Von Frey, em relação à RVC em solução (4 h) ou às demais formulações (6 h). Em um segundo momento, os lipossomas combinados (doadores-aceptores) de HSPC/colesterol com gradiente iônico foram preparados e caracterizados: vesículas doadoras multivesiculares, com pH interno 7,4 + sulfato de amônio contendo RVC e vesículas aceptoras unilamelares, com pH interno 5,5. O perfil de toxicidade sobre as células 3T3 em cultura foi: RVC em sistema combinado < RVC em lipossomas (doadores ou aceptores) < RVC em lipossomas convencionais, sem gradiente < RVC em solução. O efeito analgésico da formulação combinada foi significativamente (p<0,05) mais prolongado (7 e 9 h, com 0,75% e 2% de RVC, respectivamente), que com os lipossomas doador ou aceptor separadamente (6 e 7 h) ou com RVC em solução (4 e 5 h). Os resultados obtidos abrem perspectivas para o uso clínico dessas formulações em procedimentos cirúrgicos, para dores crônicas ou no pós-operatório / Abstract: Ropivacaine (RVC) is a local anesthetic that is widely used in surgical procedures. Drug delivery systems based on liposomes or cyclodextrins for RVC have shown good results, although greater duration of anesthesia is required for lengthy surgical procedures, chronic pain or during the postoperative period. The main goal of this study was to improve the encapsulation of RVC in liposomes, to extend the duration of its anesthetic effect, and to reduce its cytotoxicity. To this end, liposomal formulations were prepared at pH 7.4: i) with different lipid compositions (soy phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol/?-tocopherol at 2:1:0.07 mol%, egg phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol/?-tocopherol at 4:3:0.07 mol%, and hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine (HSPC)/cholesterol at 2:1 mol%); ii) with different types of liposomes (unilamellar, multilamellar, and multivesicular); iii) containing different ionic gradients ¿ internal composition of the vesicles: pH 7.4 + ammonium sulfate, pH 5.5, pH 5.5 + ammonium sulfate, and pH 5.5 + sodium citrate. The formulations were characterized in terms of morphology, particle size, zeta potential, polydispersion, encapsulation efficiency (%EE), in vitro release kinetics, drug permeability, and degree of packing of the lipid layer. Chemometrics was used to select the best formulations for analyses of physicochemical stability, cytotoxicity and anesthetic effect. The formulation using RVC at 0.75% in multivesicular liposomes of hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol with internal pH 5.5 + 300 mM of sodium citrate presented the best results: %EE of 62.5% and reduced cytotoxicity. This formulation also promoted significantly (p<0.05) prolonged analgesia (8 h) in mice compared to RVC in solution (4 h) or the other formulations (6 h). In a second step, the combined (donor-acceptor) liposomes composed of HSPC/cholesterol with ionic gradient were prepared and characterized: multivesicular donor vesicles with internal pH 7.4 + ammonium sulfate with RVC, and unilamellar acceptor vesicles with internal pH 5.5. The order of toxicity to 3T3 cells in culture was: RVC in the combined system < RVC in donor or acceptor liposomes < RVC in conventional liposomes, without gradient < RVC in solution. The analgesic effect of the combined formulation was significantly (p<0.05) longer (7 and 9 h, using 0.75 and 2% RVC, respectively) than donor or acceptor liposomes used separately (6 and 7 h), or RVC in solution (4 and 5 h). The results obtained open perspectives for the clinical use of these formulations in surgical procedures, chronic pain or during the postoperative period / Doutorado / Bioquimica / Doutora em Biologia Funcional e Molecular

Given an embedding of a closed k-dimensional manifold M into N-dimensional Euclidean space R^N, we aim to perform negative gradient flow of a penalty function P that acts on the space of all smooth embeddings of M into R^N to find an ideal manifold embedding. We study the computation of the gradient for a penalty function that contains both a curvature and distance term. We also find a lower bound for how long an embedding will remain in the space of embeddings when moving in a fixed, normal gradient direction. Finally, we study the distance penalty function in a special case in which we can prove short time existence of the negative gradient flow using the Cauchy-Kovalevskaya Theorem.