Orientador: Marco Antonio Tecchio / Banca: Reginaldo Teodoro de Souza / Banca: Igor Otávio Minatel / Banca: Sarita Leonel / Banca: Sergio Ruffo Roberto / Resumo: O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar cultivares de uva para suco e vinho, cultivadas em São Manuel, SP, nas variáveis de fenologia, evolução da maturação, produção, características físicas, químicas e bioquímicas nas bagas e cachos. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental de Ensino, Pesquisa e Produção de São Manuel, SP, pertencente à Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Campus de Botucatu FCA/UNESP, no Laboratório de Fruticultura do Departamento de Horticultura da FCA/UNESP e no Laboratório de Química e Bioquímica Vegetal do Departamento de Química e Bioquímica do Instituto de Biociências do IBB/UNESP, em Botucatu-SP, no período de agosto de 2014 a janeiro de 2017. Os tratamentos consistiram em quatro cultivares de uvas para suco e vinho (BRS Violeta, Bordô, BRS Cora e BRS Carmem) sobre o porta-enxerto 'IAC 572'. Foram avaliadas a produção e produtividade; massas frescas de cacho (MFC) e engaço (MFE); comprimento e largura de cachos e engaços; número de bagas por cacho; massa fresca (MFB), comprimento (CB) e largura de bagas (LB); número e massa fresca de sementes por baga (MFSB); relação MFSB/MFB; sólidos solúveis (SS), acidez titulável (AT), relação SS/AT; pH, antocianinas monoméricas totais, polifenóis totais, flavonoides totais e atividade antioxidante das uvas. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste Tukey, a 5% de probabilidade. Embora com variações entre os ciclos produtivos, as cultivares BRS Violeta e BRS... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate grape cultivars for juice and wine, cultivated in São Manuel, SP, in phenology, production, physical, chemical and biochemical characteristics. The experiment was carried out at the Experimental Farm for Teaching Research and Production of São Manuel, SP, belonging to the Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, Campus de Botucatu FCA / UNESP, at the Fruit Laboratory of the Department of Horticulture of FCA / UNESP and at the Laboratory of Chemistry and Plant Biochemistry of the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Institute of Biosciences of IBB / UNESP, in Botucatu-SP, from August 2014 to January 2017. The treatments consisted of four cultivars of grapes for juice and wine (BRS Violeta, Bordô, BRS Cora and BRS Carmem) on the rootstock 'IAC 572'. Production and productivity were evaluated; Fresh bunch (MFC) and stalks (MFE); Length and width of bunches and stalks; Number of berries per cluster; Fresh mass (MFB), length (CB) and width of berries (LB); Number and fresh mass of seeds per berry (MFSB); MFSB / MFB ratio; Soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (AT), SS / AT ratio; PH, total monomeric anthocyanins, total polyphenols, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity of grapes. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and the means were compared by the Tukey test, at 5% probability. Although with variations between the productive cycles, cultivars BRS Violeta and BRS Cora presented higher production and productivity in the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T16:53:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-02-15Bitstream added on 2015-05-14T16:59:20Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000829419.pdf: 1644186 bytes, checksum: d3a2975893a04b0e40e3178fa0b0436d (MD5) / O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a influência dos porta-enxertos ‘IAC 766’ e ‘106-8 Mgt’ nas características de produção, físicas, químicas e bioquímicas de diferentes cultivares de uvas para vinho, bem como a influência dos mesmos porta-enxertos nas características físico-químicas de mostos e de vinhos tintos e brancos, e nos teores de compostos fenólicos e atividade antioxidante dos vinhos. O experimento foi conduzido na área experimental do Centro APTA de Frutas do Instituto Agronômico, em Jundiaí-SP, no Laboratório de Bebidas do Departamento de Horticultura da FCA/UNESP e no Laboratório de Pós-colheita do Instituto de Biociências do IBB/UNESP, em Botucatu-SP, no período de agosto de 2013 a dezembro de 2014. Os tratamentos consistiram na combinação de dois porta-enxertos (‘IAC 766’ e ‘106-8 Mgt’) e 12 cultivares copa (‘Isabel’, ‘Bordô’, ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’, ‘Cabernet Franc’, ‘Merlot’, ‘Syrah’, ‘Sauvignon Blanc’, IAC 138-22 ‘Máximo’, IAC 116-31 ‘Rainha’, IAC 21-14 ‘Madalena’, BRS Lorena e BRS Violeta), sendo elaborados e analisados vinhos das cultivares ‘Isabel’, ‘Bordô’, IAC 138-22 ‘Máximo’, IAC 116-31 ‘Rainha’, IAC 21-14 ‘Madalena’ e ‘BRS Lorena’. Foram avaliadas a produção e produtividade; massas frescas de cacho (MFC) e engaço (MFE); relação MFE/MFC; comprimento e largura de cachos e engaços; número de bagas por cacho; massa fresca (MFB), comprimento (CB) e largura de bagas (LB); relação CB/LB; número e massa fresca de sementes por baga (MFSB); relação MFSB/MFB; sólidos solúveis (SS), acidez titulável (AT), relação SS/AT; pH, açúcares redutores, clorofilas, antocianinas, carotenoides, polifenóis totais, flavonoides totais e atividade antioxidante das uvas. Nas uvas ... / The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of rootstocks ‘IAC 766’ and ‘106-8 Mgt’ in the production characteristics, physical, chemical and biochemical of different cultivars of grapes for wine as well as the influence of the same rootstocks in physical and chemical characteristics of musts of red and white wines, and the levels of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of wines. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of the Centro APTA de Frutas do Instituto Agronômico in Jundiaí-SP, Laboratory of Beverage, Department of Horticulture, FCA/UNESP and at the Laboratory of Postharvest the Biosciences Institute IBB/UNESP, Botucatu-SP, from August 2013 to December 2014. The treatments consisted of two rootstocks (‘IAC 766’ and ‘106-8 Mgt’) and 12 cultivars (‘Isabel’, ‘Bordô’, ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’, ‘Cabernet Franc’, ‘Merlot’, ‘Syrah’, ‘Sauvignon Blanc’, IAC 138-22 ‘Máximo’, IAC 116-31 ‘Rainha’, IAC 21-14 ‘Madalena’, ‘BRS Lorena’ ...

Orientador: Marco Antonio Tecchio / Banca: Mara Fernandes Moura / Banca: Giuseppina Pace Pereira Lima / Resumo: O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a influência dos porta-enxertos 'IAC 766' e '106-8 Mgt' nas características de produção, físicas, químicas e bioquímicas de diferentes cultivares de uvas para vinho, bem como a influência dos mesmos porta-enxertos nas características físico-químicas de mostos e de vinhos tintos e brancos, e nos teores de compostos fenólicos e atividade antioxidante dos vinhos. O experimento foi conduzido na área experimental do Centro APTA de Frutas do Instituto Agronômico, em Jundiaí-SP, no Laboratório de Bebidas do Departamento de Horticultura da FCA/UNESP e no Laboratório de Pós-colheita do Instituto de Biociências do IBB/UNESP, em Botucatu-SP, no período de agosto de 2013 a dezembro de 2014. Os tratamentos consistiram na combinação de dois porta-enxertos ('IAC 766' e '106-8 Mgt') e 12 cultivares copa ('Isabel', 'Bordô', 'Cabernet Sauvignon', 'Cabernet Franc', 'Merlot', 'Syrah', 'Sauvignon Blanc', IAC 138-22 'Máximo', IAC 116-31 'Rainha', IAC 21-14 'Madalena', BRS Lorena e BRS Violeta), sendo elaborados e analisados vinhos das cultivares 'Isabel', 'Bordô', IAC 138-22 'Máximo', IAC 116-31 'Rainha', IAC 21-14 'Madalena' e 'BRS Lorena'. Foram avaliadas a produção e produtividade; massas frescas de cacho (MFC) e engaço (MFE); relação MFE/MFC; comprimento e largura de cachos e engaços; número de bagas por cacho; massa fresca (MFB), comprimento (CB) e largura de bagas (LB); relação CB/LB; número e massa fresca de sementes por baga (MFSB); relação MFSB/MFB; sólidos solúveis (SS), acidez titulável (AT), relação SS/AT; pH, açúcares redutores, clorofilas, antocianinas, carotenoides, polifenóis totais, flavonoides totais e atividade antioxidante das uvas. Nas uvas ... / Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of rootstocks 'IAC 766' and '106-8 Mgt' in the production characteristics, physical, chemical and biochemical of different cultivars of grapes for wine as well as the influence of the same rootstocks in physical and chemical characteristics of musts of red and white wines, and the levels of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of wines. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of the Centro APTA de Frutas do Instituto Agronômico in Jundiaí-SP, Laboratory of Beverage, Department of Horticulture, FCA/UNESP and at the Laboratory of Postharvest the Biosciences Institute IBB/UNESP, Botucatu-SP, from August 2013 to December 2014. The treatments consisted of two rootstocks ('IAC 766' and '106-8 Mgt') and 12 cultivars ('Isabel', 'Bordô', 'Cabernet Sauvignon', 'Cabernet Franc', 'Merlot', 'Syrah', 'Sauvignon Blanc', IAC 138-22 'Máximo', IAC 116-31 'Rainha', IAC 21-14 'Madalena', 'BRS Lorena' ... / Mestre

CNPQ; Fundação Araucária / O Brasil, devido à sua grande produção agrícola, é um dos países que mais produz resíduos agroindustriais no mundo e observa-se um interesse crescente na busca de alternativas para a utilização da matéria orgânica gerada, que atualmente tem sido fonte de poluição do meio ambiente. A indústria vinícola tem gerado um grande volume de resíduos que podem constituir um material de baixo custo e boa rentabilidade em aplicações tecnológicas, além de conter substâncias bioativas de alto valor comercial. Neste estudo; foi avaliado o bagaço de três variedades de uva. Ácidos graxos e compostos fenólicos foram identificados por cromatografia líquida e gasosa, respectivamente. A capacidade antioxidante dos extratos fenólicos foi avaliada pelos métodos DPPH, ABTS+ e íon ferroso. O bagaço da uva Cabernet Sauvignon apresentou os valores mais elevados de compostos fenólicos totais (5.101,82 ± 119,03 mg -1 -1 EAG 100 g), flavonoides (2.983,91 ± 51,76 mg ECT 100 g ) e antocianinas monomérica totais -1 (2.092,93 ± 71,57 mg mal-3-gli.100 g ). Além disso, o bagaço de Cabernet Sauvignon apresentou os menores valores de EC50 nos testes de DPPH e ABTS, apresentando alta atividade antioxidante. / Brazil, due to its large agricultural production, is one of the largest producers of agro-industrial waste worldwide and there is a growing interest in finding alternatives to the use of organic material generated, which currently has been a source of environmental pollution. Wine industry has generated a large amount of waste that may be a low cost and good profitability in technological applications, besides containing bioactive compounds of high commercial value. Grape pomace of three varieties was evaluated in current study. Fatty acids and phenolic compounds were identified respectively by gas and liquid chromatography. Antioxidant capacity of the phenolic extracts was determined by three different methods, namely DPPH, ABTS+ and ferrous ion assays. Cabernet Sauvignon pomace revealed the higher rates of total phenolic -1 -1 compounds (5,101.82 ± 119.03 mg GAE 100 g ), flavonoids (2,983.91 ± 51.76 mg CTE 100g ) -1 and monomeric anthocyanin (2,092.93 ± 71.57 mg mal-3-glu.100 g), coupled to lowest EC50 rates in DPPH and ABTS assays, showing a high antioxidant activity.

Orientador: Edson Luiz Furtado / Coorientador: César Júnior Bueno / Banca: Marco Antinio Tecchio / Banca: Adriana Zanin Kronka / Banca: Margarida Fumiko Ito / Banca: Ivan Herman Fischer / Resumo: Phaeomoniella chlamydospora é considerado o fungo mais agressivo do complexo de patógenos, responsáveis por causar a doença de Petri em videira. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar patologicamente, morfoculturalmente e molecularmente, uma população com 57 isolados de P. chlamydospora, oriundos de videiras de sete estados brasileiros. Todos os isolados foram molecularmente identificados como pertencentes à espécie P. chlamydospora, através da amplificação da região ITS e de partes do gene da beta tubulina (β Tubulin). Essa espécie já foi descrita ocorrendo nos estados de São Paulo, Pernambuco e Rio Grande do Sul. O presente estudo relata pela primeira vez a ocorrência deste fungo em videiras nos estados do Paraná, Santa Catarina, Minas Gerais e Mato Grosso. Posterior aos estudos moleculares, realizaram-se os seguintes ensaios: caracterização cultural dos isolados em meio de cultura BDA (batata dextrose ágar) e MEA (extrato de malte); caracterização morfológica de conídios, conidióforos e clamidósporos em meio de cultura MEA e SNA (sintético nutriente ágar); crescimento dos isolados em temperaturas de 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 e 35ºC por 42 dias em meio BDA; e teste de patogenicidade em videiras 'Niágara Rosada' (incidência e agressividade). A análise de cultura identificou quatro características de colônia. Dessas, a mais comumente observada dentre os estados foi com o centro verde oliváceo com reentranças, e as bordas brancas de aspecto cremoso. A caracterização morfoló... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Phaeomoniella chlamydospora is considered the most aggressive of the pathogen complex responsible for causing a Petri disease in vines. The goal of this work was to illustrate, morphologically and molecularly, a population with 57 isolates of Phaeomoniella from vines of seven Brazilian states. All the isolates were identified as belonging to the P. chlamydosphora species through the amplification of its area and parts of beta tubulina gene (β Tubulin). This series has already been carried out in the states of São Paulo, Pernambuco and Rio Grande do Sul. This was first reported in Paraná, Santa Catarina, Minas Gerais and Mato Grosso. Later studies in the behavior of PDA (potato dextrose agar) and MEA (malt extract); morphological characterization of conidia, conidiophores and chlamydospores in the MEA and SNA culture medium (synthetic nutrient agar); growth of the substrates at temperatures of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 ° C for 42 days in PDA medium; and pathogenicity test on Niagara Rosada vines (incidence and aggressiveness). A culture analysis identified 4 colony characteristics. Among these, the most commonly included in the states was with the green olive center with reentrances, and as white edges of creamy aspect. The morphological featuring was different in growth of structures when grown in medium culture, while the greater development in MEA medium culture when the conidia and chlamydospores were evaluated; and with higher growth in medium SNA when compared to the conidiophores. The ideal temperature range for the development of the pathogen is between 20 to 25ºC, while the temperature of 5ºC. By exposing the isolates kept from 5 ° C to 25 ° C for 42 days, they presented a more significant growth compared to those grown directly at 25 ° C (fungistatic effect). All the isolates were pathogenic to the 'Niagara Rosada' vine. The isolates showed different reisolation and aggressiveness ... / Doutor

No description available.

Botrytis cinerea is the principal member of the species complex that causes bunch rot of grapes and gray mold disease on other hosts including fruits and ornamental crops. It has developed resistance to many fungicides, and isolates from eastern US strawberry fields have regularly been identified with resistance to several modes of action. During the 2011-2015 growing seasons, 487 isolates were collected from Virginia wine grapes, strawberries, and ornamental crops and evaluated for sensitivity to eight different fungicides by a germ tube elongation method; for a subset of isolates, a 24-well plate mycelial growth assay was also used, and baseline sensitivity to polyoxin-D was evaluated. Resistance to benzimidazoles and quinone outside inhibitors, and low-level resistance to iprodione were common. Boscalid resistance was common in wine grapes and ornamentals. Resistance to the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid during germ tube elongation was found in only 5% of wine grape isolates, but in 33% of isolates from strawberries and ornamentals. All of the fenhexamid-resistant isolates were identified as B. cinerea carrying various mutations in the erg27 gene. An additional subset of isolates was identified with moderate resistance to fenhexamid during mycelial growth, but not germination and germ tube growth. These were identified as B. cinerea HydR2 isolates, which possess an unknown mechanism of resistance towards fenhexamid in mycelial growth. Moderate resistance to cyprodinil was common, but in grape inoculation tests, moderately resistant isolates were controlled by a field rate of cyprodinil. Diminished sensitivity to fludioxonil and fluopyram was rare. Polyoxin-D controlled most isolates in mycelial growth tests at 100 µg/ml. / Master of Science in Life Sciences

Master of Science

Thesis (MScEng (Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The removal of grape berries from the stems is an important step in the wine making process. Various problems are experienced using the destemming machines currently available, where the berries are mechanically removed and separated from the stems by a rotating beater shaft and drum. Not all berries are removed from the stems and broken stems can end up with the removed berries which can result in unwanted characters and flavours in the wine. The development of these machines is currently limited to experimental tests. In this study, the destemming process was investigated experimentally. The ability of the Discrete Element Method (DEM) to simulate this process was also investigated. A range of experiments was designed to obtain the material properties of the grapes. These experiments included the measurement of the stem stiffness and break strength, the berry stiffness, and the force needed to remove a berry from the stem. Experiments were conducted to gain further insight into the destemming process. Firstly, a simplified destemming machine with only a beater shaft and a single grape bunch was built. The influence of the bunch size and the speed of the beater shaft on the number of berries removed from the stems were investigated. Secondly, field tests on a commercial destemming machine were conducted and the performance of the machine was measured. A DEM model of both the simplified and the commercial destemming machine were built. Commercial DEM software was used with linear contact and bond models. The stems were built from spherical particles bonded together and a single spherical particle was used to represent each berry. The measured stiffnesses and break strengths were used to set the particle and bond properties. Modelling the simplified destemming machine, it was found that the DEM model could accurately predict the effect of the bunch size and the speed of the beater shaft on the number of berries removed from the stems. The model of the commercial destemming machine could accurately predict the machine’s performance in terms of the number of berries removed as well as the number of broken stems. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die verwydering van druiwekorrels vanaf die stingels is ʼn belangrike stap tydens die wynmaak proses. Verskeie probleme word ondervind met huidige beskikbare ontstingelaars, waar die korrels meganies verwyder en skei word vanaf die stingels deur middel van ʼn roterende klop-as en drom. Nie alle korrels word vanaf die stingels verwyder nie en gebreekte stingels kan saam met die verwyderde korrels beland, wat ongewensde karakters en geure in die wyn kan veroorsaak. Die ontwikkeling van ontstingelaars is tans beperk tot eksperimentele toetse. In hierdie studie is die ontstingel proses eksperimenteel ondersoek Die vermoë van die Diskrete Element Metode (DEM) om hierdie proses te simuleer is ook ondersoek. ʼn Reeks eksperimente is ontwikkel om die materiaal eienskappe van die druiwe te bepaal. Hierdie eksperimente sluit in die meet van die styfheid en breeksterkte van die stingel, die korrel styfheid, en die krag benodig om ʼn korrel vanaf die stingel te verwyder. Eksperimente is gedoen om verdere insig oor die ontstingel proses te bekom. Eerstens is ʼn vereenvoudigde ontstingelaar gebou, met slegs ʼn klop-as en een tros. Die invloed van die trosgrootte en die klop-as spoed op die aantal korrels wat verwyder is, is ondersoek. Tweedens is ʼn toets in die veld gedoen met ʼn kommersiële ontstingelaar om die werkverrigting van die masjien te bepaal. ʼn DEM model van beide die vereenvoudigde en kommersiële ontstingelaar is gebou. Kommersiële DEM sagteware is gebruik met lineêre kontak- en bindingsmodelle. Die stingels is gebou deur sferiese partikels aan mekaar te bind en ʼn enkele sferiese partikel is gebruik om ʼn druiwe korrel voor te stel. Die gemete styfhede en breeksterktes is gebruik om die partikel- en bindingseienskappe te spesifiseer. Die modellering van die vereenvoudigde ontstingelaar het getoon dat die DEM model akkuraat kan voorspel wat die invloed is van die trosgrootte en die klop-as spoed op die aantal korrels wat verwyder is. Die model van die kommersiële ontstingelaar kon die werkverrigting van die masjien akkuraat voorspel in terme van die aantal korrels wat verwyder is asook die aantal gebreekte stingels.

Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 1972. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: no abstract available