Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Jyväskylä, 1983. / Extra t.p. with thesis statment inserted. Includes indexes. Includes bibliographical references (p. 166-173).

A região de São Gabriel, localizada na fronteira oeste do Rio Grande do Sul, está inserida na borda sul da Bacia do Paraná, compreendendo rochas que vão desde o Précambriano, representativas do Escudo Sul-riograndense, até depósitos triássicos da Bacia do Paraná. As unidades pertencentes aos depósitos sedimentares da Bacia do Paraná correspondem a 3/4 da área total aflorante na região. Por constituírem-se de rochas formadas em ambientes deposicionais bastante distintos, as águas subterrâneas da região apresentam composições químicas bastante variadas. As principais unidades hidroestratigráficas da região são o Aquífero Rio Bonito (ARB), Sistema Aquífero Sanga do Cabral-Pirambóia (SASCP), Sistema Aquífero do Embasamento Cristalino (SAEC) e Aquitardos Permianos (AP). Análises físico-químicas realizadas em 55 amostras de água de poços da região indicam que as composições químicas das águas subterrâneas são de boa qualidade no Aquífero Rio Bonito e nos Sistemas Aquífero Sanga do Cabral-Pirambóia e Embasamento Cristalino. Entretanto, onde o Aquífero Rio Bonito apresenta-se confinado pelos Aquitardos Permianos, suas águas tendem a tornarem-se salinizadas, com o aumento das concentrações de Sólidos Totais Dissolvidos e, principalmente, dos íons sódio e flúor, tornando-se, muitas vezes, impróprias para consumo humano. Ensaios de solubilização/lixiviação demonstram a intensa troca de cátions entre os sedimentos argilosos dos aquíferos com as águas subterrâneas, permitindo a dessorção de sódio para as águas subterrâneas e a adsorção de cálcio pelos argilominerais. Análises isotópicas de 14C registram idades de recarga de 70 a 42.000 anos, enquanto isótopos de oxigênio e hidrogênio indicam que a recarga ocorreu em climas mais secos e quentes do que os atuais. / The São Gabriel is located on the West Region of Rio Grande do Sul State. It is geologically inserted in the southern portion of the Paraná Basin comprising metamorphic end igneous rocks from Precambrian Shield and Triassic sedimentary rocks from Parana Basin. The lithostratigraphic units of Parana Basin correspond to three quarters of the total area outcropping in the studied region. Because these rocks are formed in different depositional environments, the groundwater has wide range in chemical compositions. The main hydrostratigraphic units in the region are the Rio Bonito Aquifer (ARB), Sanga do Cabral-Pirambóia Aquifer System (SASCP), Crystalline Basement Aquifer System (SAEC) and Permian Aquitards (AP). The physico-chemical analyzes made in 55 groundwater samples indicate good quality to Rio Bonito Aquifer, Sanga do Cabral–Pirambóia Aquifer System and Crystalline Basement Aquifer System. However, where the Rio Bonito Aquifer is confined by Permian Aquitards its groundwater become more salinized, increasing the concentrations of TDS and especially sodium and fluoride ions. This results in water unfit for drinking. Solubilization/ leaching tests demonstrate the intense cation exchange between the clay from the aquifers and groundwater, allowing desorption sodium to groundwater and calcium adsorption by clay minerals. Isotopic analysis of 14C indicates recent (70 years old) to very old (42,000 years old) recharge, while oxygen and hydrogen isotopes point recharge in dry and hot climates.

A região de São Gabriel, localizada na fronteira oeste do Rio Grande do Sul, está inserida na borda sul da Bacia do Paraná, compreendendo rochas que vão desde o Précambriano, representativas do Escudo Sul-riograndense, até depósitos triássicos da Bacia do Paraná. As unidades pertencentes aos depósitos sedimentares da Bacia do Paraná correspondem a 3/4 da área total aflorante na região. Por constituírem-se de rochas formadas em ambientes deposicionais bastante distintos, as águas subterrâneas da região apresentam composições químicas bastante variadas. As principais unidades hidroestratigráficas da região são o Aquífero Rio Bonito (ARB), Sistema Aquífero Sanga do Cabral-Pirambóia (SASCP), Sistema Aquífero do Embasamento Cristalino (SAEC) e Aquitardos Permianos (AP). Análises físico-químicas realizadas em 55 amostras de água de poços da região indicam que as composições químicas das águas subterrâneas são de boa qualidade no Aquífero Rio Bonito e nos Sistemas Aquífero Sanga do Cabral-Pirambóia e Embasamento Cristalino. Entretanto, onde o Aquífero Rio Bonito apresenta-se confinado pelos Aquitardos Permianos, suas águas tendem a tornarem-se salinizadas, com o aumento das concentrações de Sólidos Totais Dissolvidos e, principalmente, dos íons sódio e flúor, tornando-se, muitas vezes, impróprias para consumo humano. Ensaios de solubilização/lixiviação demonstram a intensa troca de cátions entre os sedimentos argilosos dos aquíferos com as águas subterrâneas, permitindo a dessorção de sódio para as águas subterrâneas e a adsorção de cálcio pelos argilominerais. Análises isotópicas de 14C registram idades de recarga de 70 a 42.000 anos, enquanto isótopos de oxigênio e hidrogênio indicam que a recarga ocorreu em climas mais secos e quentes do que os atuais. / The São Gabriel is located on the West Region of Rio Grande do Sul State. It is geologically inserted in the southern portion of the Paraná Basin comprising metamorphic end igneous rocks from Precambrian Shield and Triassic sedimentary rocks from Parana Basin. The lithostratigraphic units of Parana Basin correspond to three quarters of the total area outcropping in the studied region. Because these rocks are formed in different depositional environments, the groundwater has wide range in chemical compositions. The main hydrostratigraphic units in the region are the Rio Bonito Aquifer (ARB), Sanga do Cabral-Pirambóia Aquifer System (SASCP), Crystalline Basement Aquifer System (SAEC) and Permian Aquitards (AP). The physico-chemical analyzes made in 55 groundwater samples indicate good quality to Rio Bonito Aquifer, Sanga do Cabral–Pirambóia Aquifer System and Crystalline Basement Aquifer System. However, where the Rio Bonito Aquifer is confined by Permian Aquitards its groundwater become more salinized, increasing the concentrations of TDS and especially sodium and fluoride ions. This results in water unfit for drinking. Solubilization/ leaching tests demonstrate the intense cation exchange between the clay from the aquifers and groundwater, allowing desorption sodium to groundwater and calcium adsorption by clay minerals. Isotopic analysis of 14C indicates recent (70 years old) to very old (42,000 years old) recharge, while oxygen and hydrogen isotopes point recharge in dry and hot climates.

Esta pesquisa visa analisar a teoria dos golpes de Estado de Gabriel Naudé, um dos principais tratadistas da razão de Estado do século XVII. Através da leitura de Considérations politiques sur les coups dÉtat (1639), obra magna do autor, busca-se encontrar não apenas a base conceitual desse texto, mas inclusive identificar os percursos teóricos que deságuam nos escritos de Naudé. Por meio desta investigação é possível notar a noção de prudência como grande sustentáculo da referida teoria dos golpes de Estado, essencialmente influenciada pelas obras de Justo Lípsio e Pierre Charron. A partir daí, busca-se desconstruir a prudência naudeana para nela apontar o peso das idéias dos escritores mencionados, o que também permite demonstrar a existência de outras referências à razão de Estado da época, que não Nicolau Maquiavel. / This research aims to analyze Gabriel Naudés theory of the coups détat , one of the main authors of reason of State on the 17th Century. Interpreting Naudés magnum opus, Considérations politiques sur les coups dÉtat (1639), I intend to explore not only his conceptual basis but the theoretical tendencies leading to his writings. Through this investigation it is possible to deem prudence as the major supporting notion of the theory of the coups détat, which was essentially influenced by the works of Justus Lipsius and Pierre Charron. Thence, I intend to deconstruct Naudés notion of prudence in order to point out the weigh of Lipsius and Charrons ideas on his work, showing the existence of other references in the formulation of the reason of State on this epoch, besides Niccolo Machiavelli.

A região de São Gabriel, localizada na fronteira oeste do Rio Grande do Sul, está inserida na borda sul da Bacia do Paraná, compreendendo rochas que vão desde o Précambriano, representativas do Escudo Sul-riograndense, até depósitos triássicos da Bacia do Paraná. As unidades pertencentes aos depósitos sedimentares da Bacia do Paraná correspondem a 3/4 da área total aflorante na região. Por constituírem-se de rochas formadas em ambientes deposicionais bastante distintos, as águas subterrâneas da região apresentam composições químicas bastante variadas. As principais unidades hidroestratigráficas da região são o Aquífero Rio Bonito (ARB), Sistema Aquífero Sanga do Cabral-Pirambóia (SASCP), Sistema Aquífero do Embasamento Cristalino (SAEC) e Aquitardos Permianos (AP). Análises físico-químicas realizadas em 55 amostras de água de poços da região indicam que as composições químicas das águas subterrâneas são de boa qualidade no Aquífero Rio Bonito e nos Sistemas Aquífero Sanga do Cabral-Pirambóia e Embasamento Cristalino. Entretanto, onde o Aquífero Rio Bonito apresenta-se confinado pelos Aquitardos Permianos, suas águas tendem a tornarem-se salinizadas, com o aumento das concentrações de Sólidos Totais Dissolvidos e, principalmente, dos íons sódio e flúor, tornando-se, muitas vezes, impróprias para consumo humano. Ensaios de solubilização/lixiviação demonstram a intensa troca de cátions entre os sedimentos argilosos dos aquíferos com as águas subterrâneas, permitindo a dessorção de sódio para as águas subterrâneas e a adsorção de cálcio pelos argilominerais. Análises isotópicas de 14C registram idades de recarga de 70 a 42.000 anos, enquanto isótopos de oxigênio e hidrogênio indicam que a recarga ocorreu em climas mais secos e quentes do que os atuais. / The São Gabriel is located on the West Region of Rio Grande do Sul State. It is geologically inserted in the southern portion of the Paraná Basin comprising metamorphic end igneous rocks from Precambrian Shield and Triassic sedimentary rocks from Parana Basin. The lithostratigraphic units of Parana Basin correspond to three quarters of the total area outcropping in the studied region. Because these rocks are formed in different depositional environments, the groundwater has wide range in chemical compositions. The main hydrostratigraphic units in the region are the Rio Bonito Aquifer (ARB), Sanga do Cabral-Pirambóia Aquifer System (SASCP), Crystalline Basement Aquifer System (SAEC) and Permian Aquitards (AP). The physico-chemical analyzes made in 55 groundwater samples indicate good quality to Rio Bonito Aquifer, Sanga do Cabral–Pirambóia Aquifer System and Crystalline Basement Aquifer System. However, where the Rio Bonito Aquifer is confined by Permian Aquitards its groundwater become more salinized, increasing the concentrations of TDS and especially sodium and fluoride ions. This results in water unfit for drinking. Solubilization/ leaching tests demonstrate the intense cation exchange between the clay from the aquifers and groundwater, allowing desorption sodium to groundwater and calcium adsorption by clay minerals. Isotopic analysis of 14C indicates recent (70 years old) to very old (42,000 years old) recharge, while oxygen and hydrogen isotopes point recharge in dry and hot climates.

Esta pesquisa é um estudo acerca das intersecções entre teatro e moda, através do aspecto ritualístico do traje de cena, a partir do trabalho do diretor e figurinista Gabriel Villela em Romeu e Julieta (1992, junto ao Grupo Galpão de Teatro); e do trabalho do estilista Ronaldo Fraga, no desfile Nara Leão (2007). A definição de termos como traje de cena, indumentária e moda somada à investigação bibliográfica dos dois criadores, sob a ótica da teoria teatral e a análise dos dois eventos - o espetáculo teatral e a fashion performance - a partir de registros fotográficos, audiovisuais e entrevistas, possibilitam um registro e reflexão dos processos criativos de Villela e Fraga, tendo em vista a tradição e o costume popular presentes em seus trabalhos por meio de técnicas artesanais, utilizadas na produção de trajes na cena contemporânea. / This research is the study of intersections between theater and fashion through the ritualistic aspects of theatrical costumes. The basis for the study are the creative processes of theater director and costume designer Gabriel Villela in Romeu e Julieta (1992, together with Grupo Galpão de Teatro) and the work of fashion designer Ronaldo Fraga in the performance Nara Leão (2007). The definition of terms such as costume, costume design and fashion combined with the bibliographical research about the two creators under the light of drama theory, and the analysis of two events: the theatrical spectacle and fashion performance, from: photographs, audiovisual and interview enable a record and reflection of the creative processes of Villela and Fraga, in terms of the tradition and popular custom in their work through traditional techniques used in the production of contemporary costumes in the national scene.

Les Lunete confessorum alias Bursa Marie, sont un ouvrage écrit en latin par le Révérend Père Gilbert Nicolas, franciscain de l'Observance, qui vécut dans la seconde partie du XVème siècle et au début du XVIème siècle. L'auteur est connu surtout comme co-fondateur d'un ordre religieux, l'Ordre de la Vierge Marie ou Ordre des Annonciades, qu'il fonda avec Jeanne de France, fille de Louis XI. L'ouvrage, à ce jour, n'est connu qu'en un seul exemplaire, un manuscrit qui se trouve à la Bibliothèque du Patrimoine de Toulouse. Comme l'indique le titre, le livre est destiné à aider les confesseurs dans leur tâche. L'auteur considère que les confesseurs de son temps sont dépourvus de la connaissance et peut-être aussi de la sagesse nécessaires à cette fonction qu'est la confession. L'ouvrage accompagne donc le confesseur à travers les étapes de la confession: l'écoute du pénitent, l'interrogation de celui-ci, la qualification des fautes (quand y-a-t-il ou non un péché mortel), la pénitence et l'absolution. Gilbert Nicolas est donc amené à traiter de toutes sortes de cas pratiques touchant la vie quotidienne des laïcs (par exemple, opérations commerciales, fonctionnement d'une association, héritage, mariage) et celle des religieux (par exemple, vœux monastiques, récitation des heures, réception de bénéfices, rôle des évêques). L'auteur a choisi aussi de traiter de la question en profondeur: le péché mortel résulte avant tout du mépris conscient et volontaire des commandements de Dieu, il faut donc expliquer à fond ces commandements et les obligations qui en résultent. Pour ces explications et conseils, Gilbert Nicolas emprunte nombre d'extraits à d'autres auteurs, écrivains de sommes et de textes pénitentiels, de théologiens et de juristes de droit canon ou civil, qui vont principalement du XIIème siècle jusqu'à l'époque où vit. Le texte laisse transparaître, à l'occasion de certaines questions, les tensions religieuses qui parcourent cette fin du Moyen-âge, à propos des sacrements, de l'autorité du pape et de la vie monastique. Le présent ouvrage est une édition et une traduction. Il a pour ambition de fournir un texte disponibles pour d'autres études, qu'elles soient de théologie morale, d'histoire, de linguistique, voire d'économie ou de sociologie. / The Lunete confessorum alias Bursa Marie is a book written in Latin by R.P. Gilbert Nicolas, a Franciscan brother of the Observance who lived in the second half of the XVth century and the beginning of the XVIth century. The author is known mainly as a cofounder of a religious order, the Order of the Virgin Mary (Ordre de la Vierge Marie) and Order of the Annonciades (Ordre des Annonciades), which he founded together with Jeanne de France, the daughter of Louis XI. The book is known these days only as a single copy, which is a manuscript in the Library of Heritage (Bibliothèque du Patrimoine) of Toulouse. As indicated by the title, the book is intended to help confessors fulfill their task. The author considers that the confessors of those days had a lack of knowledge and perhaps also of wisdom which is necessary for the penance. The book therefore accompanies the confessor throughout the stages of the penance: listening the penitent, his interrogation, the classification of the mistakes (when is there a mortal sin or not), the penance and the absolution. Gilbert Nicolas is therefore explaining how to deal with practical cases out of the everyday life of the laity (for example commercial transactions, functioning of an association, heritage and marriage) and of the friar (for example the monastic vow, recitation of the hours, receiving benefits and role of the bishop). The author also chose to address some issues in depth: mortal sin is primarily the result of a conscious and voluntary disregard of the commandments of God, it is therefore necessary to fully explain these commandments and obligations hereunder. For these explanations and advices, Nicolas Gilbert borrows many excerpts from other authors, writers of penitential texts (summa) ( and texts, theologians and jurists of civil or canon law, which went from the 12th century until the period he lived in. Confronted with some specific questions, the text lets shine through the religious tensions that existed throughout the late Middle Ages about the sacraments, the authority of the Pope and the monastic life. The present book is an edition and a translation. Its goal is to provide a text available for further studies whether for moral theology, history, linguistics or even for economics or sociology.

La mort, « phénomène de la vie » souligne Heidegger, attend l’homme de bien des manières, que García Márquez décline avec une attention significative. La psychologie humaine fait de ses circonstances un spectacle social avec ses rites compensatoires et incantatoires. Face à l’angoisse, l’écriture baroque de l’auteur se fait cathartique. Les aspirations post mortem des personnages marquéziens sont une projection de leur vie terrestre, selon l’analyse de Feuerbach. La plénitude de l’amour entre l’homme et la femme pourrait permettre d’entrevoir la félicité immortelle. Mais seul l’amour pour la justice et la dignité de l’être humain, suggère García Márquez, inscrit celui qui le met en œuvre dans la mémoire collective, faisant de lui un « athanatos ». / Heidegger states that death is « a life phenomenon » which awaits for man in many different ways. This is a significant and recurrent theme in Márquez's work. Human psychology reacts to circumstances, with a social show marked by its compensating and incantory rites. Faced with the fear of death, the baroque style of the writer takes on a cathartic nature. According to Feuerbach’s analysis, the post mortem yearnings of the Marquezian characters are a reflection of their life on earth. The fullness of love between a man and a woman may make it possible to envisage immortality. But García Márquez suggests that only a love for justice and for dignity of human beings, enables he who gives such love to be sustained in the collective memory, making him into an « athanatos ».

Mon intention a été de réaliser un travail d'exploration, de décryptage, de «forage» de l'œuvre philosophique de Gabriel Marcel afin d'y observer par quel processus d'incubation advient l'éthique. J'espère très modestement avoir pu éveiller le fait que notre transformation intérieure passe par une relation intersubjective authentique et créatrice qui est librement participative à l'Être absolu qui en est la source. Faire surgir l'autre dans toute sa richesse concrète, devenir par là même pleinement soi-même, c'est conférer une valeur véritable à l'être fini que nous sommes et invoquer l'Être infini qui nous féconde. Éthiquement, le chemin qui nous mène vers un autre passe par nos propres profondeurs, tout comme le chemin qui mène à soi-même passe par autrui. Chez Gabriel Marcel, il semble exister un cursus, une démarche vers le progrès spirituel qui commence par une interrogation; cela nous conduit à une transformation de la vision du monde par une réflexion à la seconde puissance, puis à la métamorphose de l'être. Sa philosophie a donc une valeur hautement éthique. Il s'agit d'une conversion au sens le plus fort du terme qui engage tout l'esprit et qui nos purifie. Notre conduite ne peut pas ne pas être influencée, transformée par cette nouvelle attitude intérieure, cette découverte d'une authenticité à travers une expérience au sein de laquelle se révèle cette authenticité.

In this dissertation, I argue that Fauré’s reuse and recombination of certain material musical elements throughout his life deserves recognition as a central aspect of his musical style. The inspiration for my work has primarily been drawn from the work of the musicologist Carlo Caballero, who argues that Fauré would have believed that consistency of style over time, or homogeneity, is a crucial property of any music that is truly original. Yet, few scholars have analyzed the degree to which homogeneity is manifest in Fauré’s music. More often, their focus has been directed at analyzing topics within segments of the three major periods of Fauré’s compositional output and highlighting stylistic contrasts between those periods. In contrast to this more common approach, I build on Caballero’s ideas to present a two-stage argument. First, I delineate certain criteria fundamental to defining a musical style, and observe that a straightforward classification of Fauré’s music is not easily discerned upon applying those criteria to Fauré’s music. Second, I offer support for the more novel perspective that acknowledging homogeneity itself, absent the need to classify the music materially, constitutes an important, informative perspective on Fauré's musical style. The dissertation is structured in two parts. Part I, encompassing the first three chapters, reviews the struggle to gain widespread understanding that Fauré’s music has historically faced. Chapter 1 discusses the criteria of style as they have historically been understood and used; Chapter 2 applies those criteria to Fauré’s music; and Chapter 3 explores Caballero’s assertion that Fauré’s music should in fact display homogeneity. In order to support Caballero’s claim, the following seven chapters of Part II present analytic evidence from the piano Nocturnes. Chapters 4 through 10 identify recurring usages of harmony, tonality, motivic processes, formal events, and textures by Fauré in Nocturnes dating from all three major periods of his compositional life. I conclude that a strong degree of homogeneity has been demonstrated across the piano Nocturnes, and suggest ways in which that perspective can contribute to more widespread understanding and dissemination of Fauré’s music.