MA thesis Memory landscapes in centraleuropean literature - Galicia and Bukovina is dedicated to an analysis of the links between landscape, text, memory and cultural identity. Using cultural-semiotic and comparative approaches, it delimits and examines the mnemonic constructs that appear in German written, Polish and Ukrainian literature related to the regions. Two, mostly theoretical chapters are dedicated to the chosen approaches. The order of examined texts follows the development of mnemonic constructs, a process that takes place in all the literatures. The constructs were developed after Galicia and Bukovina ceased to be a part of one of the states. The thesis' structure is topical, each chapter includes an account of German written, Polish and Ukrainian literature. The first chapter focuses on the imaginary topography, geography and symbolic landscapes of Galicia and Bukovina. The second chapter examines the cultural identity that is anchored in the mnemonic constructs. The third chapter concentrates on various myths, constructs and literary phenomena that contributed to the image of Galicia and Bukovina as memory landscapes.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-11-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:07:20Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 vale_tn_me_assis.pdf: 1531662 bytes, checksum: bd510fcbf55daa6e4417f487c5d11220 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Esta dissertação consiste na tradução comentada do volume de crônicas Aguafuertes Gallegas (1935), de Roberto Arlt (1900-1942), um dos mais importantes e representativos escritores argentinos do século XX, que revolucionou a literatura da época, tanto no que se refere ao tratamento que dava às questões sociais e políticas como estéticas de sua obra. Arlt possui uma extensa produção literária, na qual encontramos contos, romances, peças de teatro, etc., no entanto, foi através das publicações em sua coluna diária, no jornal El Mundo, a partir de 1928, que ganhou notoriedade como escritor-jornalista. Tais textos se inserem no âmbito das narrativas de extração histórica (Trouche, 2006), uma vez que misturam uma série de tipos de narrativa que mantém uma estreita relação com a intenção de reproduzir a realidade, tais como a crônica jornalística e o relato de viagem. Em 1935, Arlt viaja à Espanha para acompanhar a tensa situação política que vivia aquele país nos primeiros anos de República, retornando à Argentina dois meses antes de estourar a Guerra Civil Espanhola. Resultado dessa visita são as vinte e sete águas-fortes que Arlt escreveu sobre a Galiza, região localizada no norte da Espanha, e que foram publicadas no jornal El Mundo, de Buenos Aires, de 19 de setembro a 3 de novembro de 1935. Compõe este trabalho um estudo introdutório sobre a vida e a obra do escritor, bem como comentários acerca dos textos traduzidos, as águas-fortes galegas na versão original e o texto traduzido ao português, acompanhado das notas sempre que necessárias para uma melhor compreensão dos textos / Esta disertación consiste en la traducción comentada del volumen de crónicas Aguafuertes Gallegas (1935), de Roberto Arlt (1900-1942), un de los más importantes y representativos escritores argentinos del siglo XX. Arlt posee una extensa producción literaria en la cual encontramos cuentos, novelas, piezas teatrales, etc., sin embargo, fue a través de las publicaciones en su columna diaria, en el jornal El Mundo, a partir de 1928, que ganó notoriedad como escritor-periodista. Esos textos se insertan en el ámbito de las narrativas de extracción histórica (Trouche, 2006), una vez que mezclan una serie de tipos de narrativas que mantienen una estrecha relación con la intención de reproducir la realidad, tales como la crónica periodística y el relato de viaje. En 1935, Arlt viaja a España para seguir de cerca la tensa situación política que vivía aquel país en los primeros años de Republica, retornando a Argentina dos meses antes del estallido de la Guerra Civil Española. Resultado de esa visita son las veinte siete aguafuertes que Arlt escribió sobre Galiza, región localizada en el norte de España, y que fueran publicadas en El Mundo, de Buenos Aires, de 19 de septiembre a 3 de noviembre de 1935. Compone este trabajo un estudio introductorio sobre la vida y la obra del escritor, así como comentarios acerca de los textos traducidos, y las aguafuertes gallegas en original y el texto traducido al portugués, acompañado de las notas siempre que necesarias para una mejor comprensión de los textos

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Late Roman chronicles are little studied and greatly misunderstood. The purpose of this dissertation is to treat a Late Roman chronicler, Hydatius, as a living, breathing person and to use the chronicle as a means of revealing this individual: his beliefs, his interests, his fears, his attitudes, his view of the Empire, and his abilities as an historian. Hydatius was a bishop in Gallaecia, writing in 468-9 amidst the Suevic depredations of Spain. As a result he is a unique source in that he is the earliest extant historian who wrote in a post- Roman (i.e. Mediaeval) world. His chronicle is the only detailed source for Spanish history in the fifth century and the only detailed source written about the fifth-century barbarian invasions and settlements. Though extremely isolated he had remarkable contacts with the outside world and his chronicle is a unique source for much non- Spanish information. It is also one of the most personal of all the Late Antique chronicles and therefore an excellent gateway for an examination of the Late Roman world as seen through the eyes of a contemporary. For these reasons, Hydatius' vivid and often emotive account of the sufferings of Gallaecia at the hands of the Sueves and Goths, framed by the parallel military, religious and imperial history of the Eastern and Western empires and set within the eschatological context of the imminent Apocalypse, deserves detailed study. The production of a new critical edition, based on only the third, complete, first-hand examination of the sole major manuscript (B) since 1615 and the first produced from all known manuscript evidence, complete with apparatuses on the manuscripts, chronology and orthography, was necessitated by the perverse Sources chrétiennes edition of 1974 and the discovery of new evidence from a careful study of manuscript B.

Après une période d’effervescence économique et de relative autonomie, les élites rurales de la Galice wisigothique se replient sur elles-mêmes durant la seconde moitié du VIIe siècle. À la suite de ce repli, de nouvelles formes de monachisme et d’ascétisme se repandent parmi les élites et les populations. Ces monachismes sont fermement ancrés dans leurs paysages religieux, lesquels ont été consolidés par les aristocrates depuis le IVe siècle. Par l’utilisation de sources littéraires et des résultats de récentes fouilles archéologiques sur des sites tels que Castromao dans Celanova ou encore Santas Augas, nous relevons les interrelations entre les aristocrates, la population locale, les autorités religieuses institutionnelles, les moines et les moniales, en portant une attention particulière au paysage religieux et les réalités imposées par les terrains accidentés des montagnes du nord-ouest de l’Hispanie. Il ressort de notre recherche que les ermites et les monastères s’appuyaient sur les traditions d’un lieu afin de mieux s’intégrer aux populations locales, avec lesquels ils entretenaient des relations dynamiques. Ce travail s’intéresse également à la transformation de communautés rurales en monastères. Ces transformations étaient souvent motivées par des désirs d’autonomie et de protection du patrimoine du groupe. Ces conversions éparpillées ont mené à une fédération d’abbés cherchant à s’unir sous une même règle, la regula monastica communis, qui cherche plus à assurer la cohésion interne de la communauté que sa rigueur spirituelle. / After a period of economic effervescence and relative autonomy, the rural elites of Visigothic Galicia fell back on themselves during the second half of the 7th century. Following this withdrawal, new forms of monasticism and asceticism spread among the elites and populations. These monasticisms are firmly anchored in their religious landscapes, which have been consolidated by local aristocrats since the 4th century. Using literary sources and the results of archaeological explorations of chosen key sites such as Castromao in Celanova or Santas Augas, we identify the interrelationships between aristocrats, local populations, institutional religious authorities, monks and nuns, paying particular attention to the religious landscape and the realities imposed by the steep mountains of North-Western Hispania. Our research shows that hermits and monasteries relied on the traditions to better integrate with local people, with whom they had dynamic relationships. This work is also interested in the transformation of rural communities into monasteries. These transformations were often motivated by desires for autonomy and the protection of the group's patrimony. These scattered conversions led to a federation of abbots seeking to unite under the same rule, the regula monastica communis, which seeks more to ensure the internal cohesion of the community than its spiritual rigor.

In this dissertation, I consider whether parties influence support for regional nationalism in four regions of Spain: the Basque Country, Catalonia, the Valencian Community, and Galicia. I argue that the fundamental way parties influence citizens' opinions is by offering party cues. Citizens adapt their opinions to party cues even in the absence of persuasive arguments or other information. The current literature suggests that such influence takes place via partisan motivated reasoning. However, it is not clear whether parties influence people in the context of nationalism, since party influence seems to involve adjusting preferences to people's partisan identities, while nationalism involves a competing identity, with a collectivity people may consider a nation. There is also substantial ambiguity about whether citizens are influenced by parties they like, by parties they dislike or whether they are influenced by both at the same time. I propose that exposing citizens to the positions of parties citizens dislike is key to party influence. I then analyze both observational and experimental data to determine whether citizens of the four Spanish regions where nationalism is present adapt their nationalist preferences to the positions expressed by parties. In chapter 4, I focus on the measurement of party positions using automated text analysis of legislative speeches. In chapter 5, I consider whether people who like a party move in the same direction as that party when it changes its nationalist positions and whether those who feel distant from a party move in the opposite direction when it shifts its positions. We will see that the results suggest that nationalist parties influence their partisans in the Basque Country and Catalonia. Statewide parties seem to play a stronger role in Galicia and the Valencian Community. In chapter 6, using experimental data, I show that, people who did not already know the position of their most liked party, when exposed to that position as well as to the position of a party they dislike, adapt their opinions to make them more consistent with the position of their most liked party. The positions of parties citizens like are not enough to induce them to change their opinions. I conclude that parties influence the opinions of citizens on nationalism. However, this influence depends on the presence of the positions of parties citizens do not like. Parties cannot simply influence their own partisans by adopting the positions they would like them to adopt. / Dans cette thèse, je cherche à déterminer si les partis politiques influencent l'appui au nationalisme régional dans quatre régions espagnoles: le Pays basque, la Catalogne, la Communauté valencienne et la Galice. Je souligne d'abord l'importance de l'influence de l'information concernant les positions des partis sur les opinions des citoyens. Les partis influencent les opinions des citoyens même sans qu'ils présentent des arguments persuasifs ou d'autre informations. La littérature suggère actuellement que cette influence passe par le biais du raisonnement motivé partisan. Cependant, il n'est pas clair si les partis influencent les opinions dans le contexte du nationalisme, parce que l'influence des partis semble impliquer l'ajustement des préférences aux identités partisanes, alors que le nationalisme implique une identité concurrente, avec une collectivité que les citoyens peuvent considérer une nation. Il y a aussi une ambiguïté substantielle par rapport au parti (ou aux partis) qui influence les citoyens. Il n'est pas clair si les partis que les citoyens aiment influencent leurs opinions, si ce sont les partis qu'ils n'aiment pas qui les influencent ou si ce sont les deux en même temps. Je propose que l'exposition aux positions des partis que les citoyens n'aiment pas est nécessaire pour que les partis influencent leurs opinions. Ensuite, J'analyse des données observationnelles et expérimentales pour déterminer si des citoyens de quatre régions espagnoles où le nationalisme est présent adaptent leurs préférences nationalistes aux positions exprimées par les partis. Dans le chapitre 4, je me concentre sur la mesure des positions des partis à l'aide de l'analyse automatisée des discours législatifs. Dans le chapitre 5, je considère si, quand un parti change sa position, ses partisans changent leurs opinions dans le même sens et si les citoyens qui n'aiment pas ce parti changent leurs opinions dans le sens contraire. Nous verrons que les résultats suggèrent que les partis nationalistes influencent leurs partisans au Pays Basque et en Catalogne. En Galice et dans la Communauté valencienne, les partis nationaux semblent jouer un rôle plus important. Dans le chapitre 6, à l'aide de données expérimentales, je démontre que, quand les citoyens sont exposés à la position du parti qu'ils aiment le plus et à celle d'un parti qu'ils n'aiment pas, ils adaptent leurs opinions pour les rendre cohérentes avec celle du parti qu'ils aiment le plus. Les partis que les citoyens aiment n'influencent pas elles seules les préférences des citoyens. Je conclus que les partis influencent les opinions des citoyens au sujet du nationalisme. Cependant, cette influence dépend de la présence des positions des partis que les citoyens n'aiment pas. Les partis ne peuvent donc pas tout simplement influencer leurs propres partisans en exprimant les positions qu'ils veulent qu'ils adoptent.

La célèbre expansion de facteurs d’orgues d’origine vasque-navarraise vers le centre de la Péninsule Ibérique à partir de la seconde moitié du XVIIe siècle – qui va porter l’orgue ibérique de racine castillane à son zénith et dont la figure de proue fut le franciscain Joseph de Echevarría – s’est rayonnée en Galice grâce à l’activité du facteur d’orgues Manuel de la Viña. Il construisit deux orgues monumentaux revêtus de buffets jumeaux pour la cathédrale de Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle (1704-1712). Ces instruments ont institué le paradigme de symétrie visuelle et sonore inspirant la construction d’orgues doubles dans les principales cathédrales et temples prestigieux de la Galice. La construction des deux orgues visuellement identiques de la cathédrale de Braga (1737-1739), chef-d’œuvre du facteur d’orgues Simón de Fontanes, franciscain oblat de Compostelle, institue le principal foyer du rayonnement de l’activité de facteurs d’orgues d’origine galicienne au Portugal. Dans le cadre de la présente thèse, nous étudions l’activité des organiers liés au parcours ouvert par De la Viña, dans les deux côtés du fleuve Miño, ainsi que l’impact de leurs principales innovations esthétiques et techniques, notamment l'implémentation du concept de symétrie visuelle et sonore aboutissant à une véritable architecture sonore, et son influence au sujet de la musique. / The well-known expansion of organ makers from the Basque country and Navarra to the centre of the Iberian Peninsula in the second half of the 17th century – which would bring the Iberian organ of Castilian roots to its zenith and of which the main figure was the Franciscan friar Joseph de Echevarría – reached Galicia thanks to the activity of organ maker Manuel de la Viña. He built two monumental organs enclosed in identical cases for the Cathedral of Saint James of Compostela (1704-1712). These instruments established the paradigm of visual and sound symmetry which inspired the construction of double organs in the main cathedrals and other important churches in Galicia. The construction of two visually-identical organs for Braga Cathedral (1737-1739), the masterpiece of organ-builder Simón de Fontanes, also Franciscan friar oblate in Compostela, made it the principal point of departure for Galician organ-builders’ subsequent activity in Portugal. The present thesis studies the activity of organ-builders linked to the path opened by De la Viña on the two sides of the Miño river and the impact of its main aesthetic and technical innovations, especially with regard to the introduction of the concept of visual and sound symmetry leading to a true sound architecture and its influence on the music written for these instruments.

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Pa., Univ., Diss.--Pittsburgh.

The present thesis is about the current linguistic situation in the Spanish province of Galicia and about the prospects of the Galician language in modern times. The situation is analyzed through applying Joshua Fishman's model of reversing language shift (RLS).