Dissialogangliosídios, como GD3 e derivados são marcadores da progressão de melanomas. Para avaliar as possíveis funções desta molécula, transfectamos células de melanócitos com o gene da enzima ST8Sia I, que converte GM3 em GD3. Mostramos que GD3 não interfere na capacidade proliferativa dessas células, porém a expressão de GD3 mostrou-se associada à sobrevivência celular. Melanomas adquirem autonomia quanto às vias dependentes do fator de crescimento de fibroblastos (FGF-1 e -2). A expressão de GD3 não interfere na resposta proliferativa a estes fatores, porém GD3 e outros glicoesfingolipídios de membrana modulam a resposta migratória induzida por FGF-2. A expressão de GD3 sensibiliza as células à morte celular induzida por diferentes quimioterápicos, como cisplatina e vimblastina; porém, torna as células resistentes ao tratamento com temozolamida. A sensibilização ao tratamento com vimblastina, mas não às outras drogas, depende da presença de GD3, como observado por ensaios de depleção metabólica / Disialoganglioside GD3 and its derivatives are melanoma progression markers. To evaluate the possible roles of these molecules along melanoma progression, we have transfected the GD3 synthase gene (ST8Sia I) in a melanocyte cell line. Accumulation of GD3 did not confer any proliferative advantage to melanocytes. However, GD3 expression was associated with cell survival. The autonomic growth of melanomas is in part related to a constitutive activation of fibroblast growth factor dependent pathways. GD3 expression did not alter the proliferative response to either FGF-1 or FGF-2. However, GD3 and other membrane glycospingolipids modulate the motogenic activity of FGF-2. GD3 expression sensitizes melanocytes to chemotherapeutic agent-induced cell death, as cisplatin and vimblastin. On the other hand, GD3 turned melanocytes more resistant to temozolomide. Chemosensitization to vimblastin, but not to the other drugs, was dependent on the presence of GD3 within the cells, as shown by metabolic depletion of glycosphingolipids

No description available.

Glycolipids play important roles in the biology of prokaryotes and eukaryotes, including humans, and although theyare found on the cell-membrane surface of all eukaryotic cells, not much is known about their biosynthesis. The aim ofthis project was to characterize two enzymes: glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) which is involved in the biosynthesisof glycolipids such as gangliosides that are abundant in the membranes of nerve cells; and dolicholphosphate mannosesynthase (DPMS), involved in the synthesis precursor for protein glycosylation. Both GCS and DPMS have been shown play a role in cancer as well as in congenital disorders of glycosylation, and are therefore interesting targets tostudy from a therapeutic perspective.With the goal to identify a suitable expression system for GCS, the genes coding for GCS from lancelet (Branchiostoma floridae) and human (Homo sapiens) were cloned and tested for expression in Escherichia coliBL21(DE3)T1 and C41(DE3) using different vectors. Cloning into three different vectors was successful and initial expression testing was performed. SDS-PAGE analysis confirmed initial expression of proteins. Although the correctsize of the protein could be confirmed by Western blot, no fluorescence of the GFP-fusion protein could be detected.DPMS from Thermococcus onnurineus (ToDP) was expressed in E. coli C41(DE3) and purified by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography and gel filtration. Crystallization optimization was performed for ToDP produced from the vector pNIC28-Bsa4 and plate-like crystals were obtained. X-ray intensity data analysis indicated that thesecrystals contained lipid rather than protein. Crystallization screening for ToDP produced from the vector pNIC-CTHO construct was successful. Crystallization screening using the commercially available MemGold-HT96 crystallization kit resulted in initial crystallization that yielded protein crystals that diffracted to 10 °A resolution. / Glykolipider är viktiga biologiska byggstenar hos prokaryoter och eukaryoter, även människor. Trots att glykolipider finns på cellmembran ytan hos alla eukaryota celler är inte mycket känt kring syntesen av glykolipider. Målet med detta projekt var att karaktärisera två enzym: glukosylceramidsyntas (GCS) som är involverat i biosyntesen av glykolipider som gangliosider vilka förekommer i cellmembranet hos människors nervceller; och dolikolfosfatmannossyntas (DPMS) som är involverat i syntesen av substrat för proteinglykosylering. Både GCS och DPMS harvisat sig spela en roll i cancer och medfödda glykosyleringssjukdomar och är därför intressanta enzym att studera ur ett medicinskt perspektiv.Med målet att identifiera ett lämpligt expressionssystem för GCS, klonades gener från lansett (Branschiostomafloridae) och människa (Homo sapiens) och testades för expression i Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)T1 och C41(DE3)med olika vektorer. Kloning av tre olika vektorer lyckades och expressionstester utfördes. Analys med SDS-PAGE bekräftade expression av protein. Trots att korrekt storlek av proteinet kunde bekräftas med Western blot, detekterades ingen fluorescens från GFP-fusionsproteinet. DPMS från Thermococcus onnurineus (ToDP) i två olika konstrukt uttrycktes i E. coli C41(DE3) och renades med immobiliserad metalljonaffinitetskromatografi och gelfiltrering. Kristalliseringsoptimering utfördes för ToDP uttryckt i vektorn pNIC28-Bsa4 och skivliknande kristaller erhölls. Diffraktionsdata indikerade dock att kristallerna innehöll lipider och inte protein. Kristallisering av ToDP uttryckt i vektorn pNIC-CTHO lyckades och initiala kristallingsförhållanden hittades genom att använda det kommersiellt tillgängliga kristalliseringskitet MemGold-HT96. Diffraktionsdata visade på upplösning ner till 10 Å.