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Garden Work argues that American literature's sense of form developed as part of an ongoing theoretical conversation with the field of garden design. Of particular significance to American writers was a horticultural dispute that took on a renewed sense of urgency in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries: that between the garden naturalists, who crafted gardens to look like un-designed natural spaces, and the garden formalists, who crafted gardens that visually distinguish between human and wilderness sites. This dissertation identifies a literary cohort within this horticentric period--Nathaniel Hawthorne, Sarah Orne Jewett, Edith Wharton, and Willa Cather--who enter into the naturalism/formalism debates via their garden journals, environmental reforms, manifestoes, and the design of their own yards and gardens. Though initially attracted to garden design for different reasons, these authors all become increasingly skeptical of the ideological assumptions behind garden naturalism and increasingly fascinated by old-fashioned traditions of formal gardening, such as Italian, French, and Colonial Revival gardens. Garden Work reveals both the impact that garden design has on America's literary history and the theoretical contributions that literature can make to garden design. On the one hand, the authors I study integrate their garden work into the narrative fabric of their most canonical texts, often at those moments when they are most self-reflective about what it means to produce formally innovative fiction that is nevertheless rooted in natural American landscapes. For these writers, garden formalism becomes central to their ability to imagine American literature in the wake of the American Renaissance. On the other hand, these authors are enabled by their expertise in the medium of prose fiction to identify new theoretical problems within and features of garden design. Specifically, their ability to articulate garden theory not in terms of a conflict between art and nature but rather as a dynamic relationship between form and content, a relationship they encounter repeatedly in their literary work, permits these authors to analyze in innovative ways the social, environmental, and aesthetic consequences of garden design. Ultimately, Garden Work uncovers the interwoven nature of America's garden history and its literary history.

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The purpose behind this thesis is to create a design proposal for how a present day garden created at the early 1900 can be recreated to its original design. In order to do so, the style of the garden specified to this era must be defined along with an inventory of the plants. The garden used for this specific assignment is located in Söderhamn and the property is called ‘Killingen’. The main house as well as the garden was created in the beginning of 1900. Killingen´s garden is classed as a ‘own-home garden’. These kinds of gardens were influenced by the ‘own-home movement’ which started in the 1900-century. The main purpose of this movement was to help low income families finding a better and own home with a garden. It was also there in aid of preventing the mass emigration around that period. Around this time, a very influential gardener, Rudolf Abelin, played a key role for the own-home garden’s development through his writing and widespread knowledge. For him the garden was part of the society development which also was affected and influenced by his ideas and involvement. The methods used in this thesis are mainly literature studies but also includes observations of current gardens and conversations with relevant people. Thanks to the current owner’s very ambitious and existing list of plants of the garden, it’s actually been possible to rely on literature in order to propose new plants as well as suggesting which plants were not part of the own-home movement and could therefore be removed as they are not part of the same style. / Den här uppsatsen har till syfte att ta fram ett designförslag på hur en nutidsträdgård som anlades i början på 1900-talet kan återskapas till sin ursprungliga design. För att göra det måste trädgårdsstilen definieras och växterna inventeras. Den trädgård som ligger till grund av detta arbete finns i Söderhamn och tomten heter Killingen. Huset och trädgården kom till i början på 1900-talet. Killingen räknas som en egnahemsträdgård. Dessa trädgårdar influerades av Egnahemsrörelsen som startade vid förra sekelskiftet. Avsikten med föreningen var att hjälpa fler människor med svagare ekonomi att få bättre och egen bostad med trädgård. Ett annat syfte var att förhindra den stora emigrationen som pågick då. Rudolf Abelin, en trädgårdsmästare som var aktiv vid denna period, var en mycket betydande person för egnahemsträdgårdens utveckling genom sitt författarskap och kunskapsspridande. Han såg trädgården som en del av samhällsutvecklingen som påverkades av hans idéer och engagemang. Metoderna som använts är främst litteraturstudier men även observationer av aktuell trädgård och samtal med sakkunniga. Tack vare ägarens mycket ambitiösa växtförteckning av trädgårdens innehåll så har det varit möjligt att utifrån litteraturen ta fram förslag på nya växter och även föreslå vilka element och växter som inte följer stilen för egnahemsträdgårdar och därför ska avlägsnas.

This thesis takes as its focus the Maggie’s Cancer Centres exploring for the first time the impact of their designed gardens. This research is situated within the immediate context of Maggie’s ambitions as an organisation and looks closely at their design process. It is also set within the wider debates about the effects of green space on health and the historical context of the restorative garden. By exploring both historical and contemporary examples, it argues that a healthcare garden may be a space for transformation. Using four different Maggie’s gardens as case studies, the research seeks to investigate the role of these outdoor spaces and their impact on users. Through ethnographic and sensory methods, each garden is considered and mapped. It looks at the design brief and the intentions of the designers’, but the core work is an exploration of the experiences of staff and visitors. The focus is on the everyday use of these gardens as well as the design historiography. The experiences of gardens within healthcare are examined in order to expose the ways in which gardens, people, health and care are entwined. Through the qualitative research process this thesis develops a new hypothesis as to how healthcare gardens may operate – offering a new definition for them as “resilient places”. Careful analysis of the data reveals the specific networks and affordances presented by these gardens. The thesis argues, based on the evidence of users, that healthcare gardens can uniquely embrace certain “essences” where essence is defined as conveying a quality or attribute. These garden essences are identified as thresholds, sensory richness, the density of time and homeliness. The thesis also argues that a healthcare garden can provide specific and unique opportunities for care and this, in turn, can enhance the healing ethos of an organisation such as Maggie’s.

This paper investigates Fletcher Steele’s ideas about nature, and the fitness of gardens, in order to guide and support a reinvigoration of Naumkeag. Its aim is to highlight the protection of ecological resources while preserving aesthetic and historic integrity. This topic is particularly timely as The Trustees of Reservations are in the process of completing an extensive and unprecedented restoration plan, which will be carried out over the next five years. The Trustees have a long history of historic preservation and ecological conservation. This paper explores how these two aspects of their work can be integrated at Naumkeag, with particular attention to the undesigned portions of the site, such as the grasslands’ fen community. It illuminates how Steele’s original conception of the site, his environmental ethic, and his inspired design, can inform the adoption of original sustainable practices in the gardens, guide sensitive plant replacements, and enhance the visitor’s experience and knowledge.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第24908号 / 農博第2571号 / 新制||農||1102(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科森林科学専攻 / (主査)教授 柴田 昌三, 教授 北島 薫, 教授 小杉 賢一朗 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

The thesis deals with the changes of the Chinese garden during the Ming dynasty. It examines the changes in decoration, function and conception of private, literati gardens. It tracks the transformation of the Ming garden from a production land into a precious piece of art. In search of the causes of these changes, the thesis emphasizes the pre-conditioning of the garden's shape by its economic and social functions.

<p>Detta examensarbete är en studie av glas- och silverformgivaren Gunnar Cyréns och modedesignern Gunilla Ponténs designmetodiker, formspråk och inspirationskällor.  Det undersöker också om de uttrycker sig konstnärligt i sina privata trädgårdar.  Kan deras formspråk spåras i trädgården och har trädgården inspirerat dem i deras formgivningsarbete?  Utifrån vad vi har funnit har vi skissat på trädgårdsidéer och tematrädgårdar med utgångspunkt i hur vi uppfattat deras formspråk.  I det arbetet har vi tillämpat de av dem beskrivna designmetodikerna.</p> / <p>This degree thesis studies the design methodology, artistic expression and source of inspiration of two renowned Swedish designers: Gunnar Cyrén, glass artist and silversmith, and Gunilla Pontén, fashion designer.  It also investigates if they express themselves artistically in their private gardens.  Can their artistic expressions be seen in their gardens?  Has the garden inspired them in their design work?</p>