This work was the processing of existing data from Culek, Brabenec and Juřičková. Mapping of a semiquantitative abundances of gastropods in Oheb Nature Reserve, as well as developing a list of species inventory and assessment of their habitat preferences, particularly with reference to a particular forest type. Regular monitoring helps in assessing the status and trends of populations and the entire reservation.

Predation is a key factor in evolutionary dynamics. It disrupts the potential of fossilisation in prey items and is poorly recorded in the fossil record; failed predation in conical marine gastropods is recorded in scars. Quantifying the scar distribution and collection and taphonomic biases present in the fossil record of the gastropod Neptunea contraria, of the Red Crag Formation, Gelasian, Pleistocene, UK is necessary to approach this dynamic. Neptunea contraria is highly abundant in the Red Crag Formation which is easily accessed. The size and scarring on a large number (450+) of individuals was collected, recorded and measured from pre-existing and new material. The size distribution of Neptunea contraria is non-normal and is enriched in larger individuals, the scar distribution – expected to be Poisson – is not so. Taphonomic and Collection bias had a large influence over the size and scar distributions of Neptunea contraria. Material from the same localities shows very different size distributions. The lack of Poisson distribution suggests different rates of unsuccessful predation over life history of Neptunea contraria, assuming the data is valid. / Predation anses vara en viktig faktor inom ekologi och evolution men till vilken grad har effekterna av predation förändrats genom geologisk tid? Det centrala fokuset i denna studie ligger i att frambringa en förståelse av både population- och predationsfördelningen bland marina snäckor av arten Neptunea contraria av Pleistocen ålder från Red Crag-formationen, East Anglia, Storbritannien.Framgångsrik predation resulterar i förstörelsen av snigeln och dess livshistoria registreras i deras skal. Misslyckad predation bevaras i skalen bland individer som överlevt genom ärrbildningar. Det finns ett okänt samband mellan misslyckad och framgångsrik predation.Samlingen av fossilt material från Sedgwick-museet i Cambridge, Storbritannien, ligger till grund för denna studie. Detta material är ofullständigt (d.v.s. material saknas) och noterbart fragmenterat vilket orsakats av nedbrytande processer, därav tafonomi. Denna studie belyser flertalet källor som ger upphov till ett ofullständigt fossilt register, därav processer direkt relaterade till fossilisering och antropogen insamling. Genom att jämföra flertalet uppsättningar av fossilt material som insamlats av olika personer så kan graden av bias i förhållande till insamlingen undersökas. Resultatet av denna studie visar att samlingen av fossila sniglar som för närvarande finns på Sedgwick-museet är ofullständig. Detta är ett tillstånd som uppkommit delvis på grund av inkomplett insamling.Fördelningen av ärr orsakade av misslyckad predation förväntades följa en poissonfördelning. Denna förutsägelse motsägs sannerligen av nuvarande data. Troligtvis har detta förorsakats av en låg ”miss-lyckad predationsfrekvens”, vilket antyder att graden av predation inte är konstant.Sniglar av en större storlek saknar ärr på den övre delen av sina skal, vilket tyder på att frekvensen av misslyckad predation var låg i de juvenila stadierna. (

We test the fidelity of shallow-water gastropod skeletons as multi-proxy archives of seasonal paleo-environmental change by performing isotopic and trace-metal analyses on specimens of Conus ermineus from the Gulf of Mexico. Four adult specimens were collected from Stetson Bank in the Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary during the summer of 2002. Shell samples were milled along axes of growth to produce time-series profiles spanning up to eight years. We corrected the profiles for growth rate effects and compared the tuned results with in situ temperature and salinity records at the reef surface and temperature profiles from nearby surface buoys. Examination of sample densities in δ18O cycles shows that shell growth is faster during summers and slower during winters. Tuning the profiles versus time yields δ18O values that co-vary closely with seasonal temperatures to a high degree of coherency (R2 = 0.84). The δ13C profiles show cyclic variation modified by ontogenetic decreases in δ13C. These ontogenetic trends are attributable to decreasing metabolic efficiency, while seasonal cycles reflect hydrographic changes in the gastropods’ habitat. Salinity and δ13C of dissolved inorganic carbon show a strong correlation at Stetson Bank (R2 = 0.80), and early summer shell δ13C minima coincide with local salinity minima during times of peak river discharge. The terminations of these δ13C minima occur during annual upcoast reversals of shelf currents in this area. These effects are augmented by summer stratification and productivity minima that further decrease seawater δ13C. Sr/Ca ratios increase through ontogeny, most likely due to decreasing metabolic efficiency. However, seasonal variations in Sr/Ca profiles show strong similarity with δ18O profiles, confirming the temperature dependence of Sr/Ca and minimal influence of salinity on shell δ18O at Stetson Bank. The results of this study show that tuned δ18O and Sr/Ca profiles can be used to reconstruct seasonal paleotemperatures. Carbon isotope profiles and environmental data also demonstrate the utility of Conus δ13C as a proxy for freshwater flux and shelf circulation.

We test the fidelity of shallow-water gastropod skeletons as multi-proxy archives of seasonal paleo-environmental change by performing isotopic and trace-metal analyses on specimens of Conus ermineus from the Gulf of Mexico. Four adult specimens were collected from Stetson Bank in the Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary during the summer of 2002. Shell samples were milled along axes of growth to produce time-series profiles spanning up to eight years. We corrected the profiles for growth rate effects and compared the tuned results with in situ temperature and salinity records at the reef surface and temperature profiles from nearby surface buoys. Examination of sample densities in δ18O cycles shows that shell growth is faster during summers and slower during winters. Tuning the profiles versus time yields δ18O values that co-vary closely with seasonal temperatures to a high degree of coherency (R2 = 0.84). The δ13C profiles show cyclic variation modified by ontogenetic decreases in δ13C. These ontogenetic trends are attributable to decreasing metabolic efficiency, while seasonal cycles reflect hydrographic changes in the gastropods’ habitat. Salinity and δ13C of dissolved inorganic carbon show a strong correlation at Stetson Bank (R2 = 0.80), and early summer shell δ13C minima coincide with local salinity minima during times of peak river discharge. The terminations of these δ13C minima occur during annual upcoast reversals of shelf currents in this area. These effects are augmented by summer stratification and productivity minima that further decrease seawater δ13C. Sr/Ca ratios increase through ontogeny, most likely due to decreasing metabolic efficiency. However, seasonal variations in Sr/Ca profiles show strong similarity with δ18O profiles, confirming the temperature dependence of Sr/Ca and minimal influence of salinity on shell δ18O at Stetson Bank. The results of this study show that tuned δ18O and Sr/Ca profiles can be used to reconstruct seasonal paleotemperatures. Carbon isotope profiles and environmental data also demonstrate the utility of Conus δ13C as a proxy for freshwater flux and shelf circulation.

Submitted by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2017-03-17T11:42:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2015_Glieber Henriques Beliene.pdf: 752777 bytes, checksum: a66aecdfcbd9d8fd2543f5e8a633ff78 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2017-03-17T11:44:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2015_Glieber Henriques Beliene.pdf: 752777 bytes, checksum: a66aecdfcbd9d8fd2543f5e8a633ff78 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-17T11:44:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2015_Glieber Henriques Beliene.pdf: 752777 bytes, checksum: a66aecdfcbd9d8fd2543f5e8a633ff78 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-27 / CAPES / FAPEMAT / CNPq / Interações entre organismos de uma comunidade podem determinar a distribuição e abundância das espécies. Os resultados dessas interações podem ser positivos ou negativos. Além das interações, existem diversos fatores ambientais influenciando essas relações. Em ambientes aquáticos, moluscos induzem transformações na comunidade macrobentônica, alterando a distribuição e abundância desses organismos. Devido a isso investiguei os efeitos de Bivalves, do gastrópode exótico Melanoides tuberculatus e de variáveis ambientais sobre as abundâncias da comunidade de macroinvertebrados bentônicos em lagoas próximas ao rio Cuiabá. As abundâncias de macroinvertebrados parecem sofrer efeitos de variáveis ambientais. Elas também variaram em função da presença e ausência de Bivalves e M. tuberculatus. Observei que Ceratopogonidae, Hirudinea e Ostracoda responderam negativamente as variáveis (Dureza e Turbidez); Chironomidae, Ceratopogonidae, Oligochaeta responderam negativamente a presença de M. tuberculatus; Zygoptera, Ostracoda e Oligochaeta responderam positivamente a presença de bivalves. Outras variáveis que aqui não foram mensuradas podem exercer influência sobre as interações aqui abordadas, sendo esse um tema para futuros trabalhos. / Interactions between organisms of one community can determine the distribution and abundance of species. The results of these interactions can be positive or negative. In addition to the interactions, there are several environmental factors influencing these relationships. In aquatic environments, molluscs induce changes in the macrobenthic community, changing the distribution and abundance of these organisms. Because of this, investigated the effects of bivalves, exotic gastropod Melanoides tuberculatus and environmental variables on the abundance of the benthic macroinvertebrate community in lakes near the river Cuiabá. The abundance of macroinvertebrates seem to be affected by environmental variables. it also varied according to presence and absence of Bivalve and M. tuberculatus. Noticed that Ceratopogonidae, Hirudinea and Ostracoda negatively answered variables (Hardness and Turbidity); Chironomidae, Ceratopogonidae, Oligochaeta negatively answered the presence of M. tuberculatus; Zygoptera, Ostracoda and Oligochaeta responded positively to the presence of Bivalve. Other variables that were not measured here can influence the interactions discussed here, making a topic for future work.

Malgré des inconvénients rédhibitoires, l’utilisation de molluscicides reste prédominante dans les stratégies de lutte contre les gastéropodes terrestres, une situation qui appelle au développement d’alternatives. Bien que les gastéropodes terrestres reposent essentiellement sur la chémodétection pour la réalisation d’un grand nombre d’interactions capitales avec leur environnement, leur perception de la prédation reste largement méconnue malgré son importance écologique. Nous avons donc étudié l’altération de comportements de maintenance chez deux espèces de gastéropodes terrestres nuisibles, la limace Deroceras reticulatum et l’escargot Xeropicta derbentina, en présence de composés chimiques issus de différentes espèces de carabes, une catégorie importante de prédateurs mallacophages. Les résultats obtenus indiquent que les caractéristiques écologiques des prédateurs sont cruciales dans la perception de la pertinence de la menace par ces gastéropodes. / Despite crippling drawbacks, molluscicides remain predominant in strategies employed against terrestrial gastropods pests, a situation that call for the development of alternatives. Although chemodetection drive many crucial interactions in terrestrial gastropods, their perception of predation remains largely unknown despite its ecological importance. We investigated the alteration of self-maintenance behaviours of two harmful land gastropods, the slug Derocers reticulatum and the snail Xeropicta derbentina, exposed to chemical compounds from different ground beetle species, an important category of gastropod predators. The results obtained indicate that the ecological features of the predators are crucial for the perception of the relevance of the predation threat by these gastropods.

O gastrÃpode marinho Aplysia dactylomela à conhecido por liberar uma tinta pÃrpura sempre que à importunado. Como nÃo possui nenhuma estrutura externa de proteÃÃo, acredita-se que essa secreÃÃo, rica em substÃncias biologicamente ativas, participe da defesa quÃmica do animal. A tinta à composta de pigmentos, proteÃnas e substÃncias de baixa massa molecular. Os pigmentos da tinta sÃo originados de algas vermelhas, mas quanto Ãs proteÃnas, pouco à conhecido sobre a sua origem, processamento, local de armazenamento e funÃÃo no animal. Este trabalho descreve pela primeira vez a composiÃÃo protÃica da tinta e apresenta algumas caracterÃsticas fÃsico-quÃmicas e biolÃgicas da dactylomelina-P, uma proteÃna antibacteriana presente na tinta dessa lesma, alÃm de trazer informaÃÃes acerca da localizaÃÃo desta proteÃna na glÃndula de tinta. A tinta foi obtida a partir de espÃcimes encontrados na praia de Fleixeiras, Ce. A composiÃÃo de proteÃnas da tinta foi determinada por eletroforese bidimensional e a purificaÃÃo da dactylomelina-P foi feita atravÃs de cromatografias de troca iÃnica e interaÃÃo hidrofÃbica. Dactylomelina-P foi analisada quanto à massa molecular, ponto isoelÃtrico, composiÃÃo de aminoÃcidos, presenÃa de carboidratos, estabilidade tÃrmica, resistÃncia ao pH e a proteases. VÃrias atividades biolÃgicas foram testadas com a tinta e com a dactylomelina-P, incluindo atividades antimicrobianas, enzimÃticas, hemaglutinante, anticoagulante, hemolÃtica, citotÃxica e tÃxica. Os ensaios de localizaÃÃo da proteÃna foram realizados em diferentes tecidos da lesma por western blot na glÃndula de tinta por imunohistoquÃmica e a interaÃÃo com a bactÃria Staphylococcus foi feita por imunocitoquÃmica. A tinta de A. dactylomela contÃm mais de 40 proteÃnas/ peptÃdeos, com massas abaixo de 70 kDa e pIs na faixa Ãcida. A proteÃna mais abundante na tinta à a dactylomelina-P, que à uma molÃcula monomÃrica, de 59,8 kDa, pI 5,0, que possui alto teor de metionina e menos de 1% de carboidratos, à desnaturada a 60 ÂC por 10 minutos e resiste a pHs entre 3-12. Dactylomelina-P mostra um amplo espectro de aÃÃo antibacteriano, mas nÃo antifÃngico, ao contrÃrio da tinta que possui um fator com esta atividade. à particularmente eficiente contra bactÃrias marinhas, podendo ser bactericida (4,0μg/ml) ou bacteriostÃtica (0,2μg/ml), dependendo da concentraÃÃo. Dactylomelina-P aglutinou eritrÃcitos de coelho, ratos e camundongos, nÃo apresentou atividade anticoagulante, hemolÃtica e nem citotÃxica. A DL50 para camundongos ficou entre 60-100 mg/Kg, sendo considerada moderadamente tÃxica. Dactylomelina-P sà foi encontrada na glÃndula de tinta, localizando-se preferencialmente nas cÃlulas das vesÃculas produtoras. Ensaios de microscopia eletrÃnica de transmissÃo revelaram que a dactylomelina atravessa a parede celular da bactÃria S. aureus e, interage principalmente com a membrana citoplasmÃtica, provavelmente interferindo no metabolismo, ao invÃs de causar danos à cÃlula. / The marine gastropod Aplysia dactylomela is known to release a purple ink when it is plagued. How has no external structure of protection, it is believed that secretion, rich in biologically active substances, participate in the chemical defense of the animal. The ink is composed of pigments, proteins and low molecular weight substances. The pigments of ink are originated from red algae, but as the protein, little is known about its origin, processing, storage location and function in animals. This paper describes for the first time the protein composition of the ink and presents some physico-chemical and dactylomelina of organic-P, an antibacterial protein present in the ink that slug, and get information about the location of this protein in the ink gland. The paint was obtained from specimens found on the beach in Fleixeiras, Ce. The protein composition of the ink was determined by two-dimensional electrophoresis and purification of dactylomelina-P was done by ion exchange chromatography and hydrophobic interaction. Dactylomelina-P was analyzed on the molecular mass, isoelectric point, composition of amino acids, the presence of carbohydrates, thermal stability, resistance to proteases and pH. Several biological activities were tested with the ink and the dactylomelina-P, including antimicrobial activity, enzyme, haemagglutinating, anticoagulant, hemolytic, cytotoxic and toxic. Tests for localization of the protein were performed in different tissues of the slug by western blot in the ink gland by immunohistochemistry and the interaction with the bacterium Staphylococcus was performed by immunocytochemistry. The ink of A. dactylomela contains more than 40 proteins / peptides, with masses below 70 kDa and PIs in the acidic range. The most abundant protein in the ink is dactylomelina-P, which is a monomeric molecule of 59.8 kDa, pI 5.0, which has high content of methionine and less than 1% of carbohydrates, is denatured at 60  C for 10 minutes and resist the pH between 3-12. Dactylomelina-P shows a broad spectrum of antibacterial action, but not antifungal, unlike paint that has a factor with this activity. It is particularly effective against marine bacteria and may be bactericidal (4.0 g / ml) or bacteriostatic (0.2 g / ml), depending on the concentration. P-Dactylomelina agglutinate rabbit erythrocytes, rats and mice, showed no anticoagulant activity, and cytotoxic and hemolytic. The LD50 for mice was between 60-100 mg / kg, is considered moderately toxic. Dactylomelina-P was found in the ink gland, is located preferentially in cells producing the vesicles. Tests for transmission electron microscopy revealed that the dactylomelina through the cell wall of the bacterium S. aureus and mainly interacts with the cytoplasmic membrane, probably interfering with metabolism, rather than damage the cell.

Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2017-05-09T15:23:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 carlaaparecidaazevedodonascimento.pdf: 1528319 bytes, checksum: 001022341f78b633e424f9170fa06997 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-05-17T14:27:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 carlaaparecidaazevedodonascimento.pdf: 1528319 bytes, checksum: 001022341f78b633e424f9170fa06997 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-17T14:27:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 carlaaparecidaazevedodonascimento.pdf: 1528319 bytes, checksum: 001022341f78b633e424f9170fa06997 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-21 / Os moluscos terrestres constituem um importante grupo de estudo para a parasitologia, pois algumas espécies podem atuar como hospedeiras de helmintos parasitos de animais domésticos e do homem. Além disso, podem trazer prejuízos à economia por serem pragas agrícolas. Uma das alternativas para interromper o ciclo de vida dos helmintos parasitos e reduzir os danos causados a agricultura é a utilização de substâncias moluscicidas. O uso de substâncias moluscicidas de origem vegetal pode representar uma forma segura e eficaz no controle de moluscos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência da seiva de Furcraea foetida (L.) Haw. sobre aspectos biológicos e comportamentais de Subulina octona (Bruguière, 1789). Para verificar os efeitos da seiva na sobrevivência, eclodibilidade de filhotes, crescimento e reprodução foram utilizados 360 ovos, 420 jovens de 15 dias e 420 adultos. A seiva de F. foetida foi obtida por esmagamento da folha e diluída em água destilada. A aplicação foi realizada com o uso de borrifadores manuais conforme duas metodologias: testes sem substrato e testes com substrato. As concentrações utilizadas foram 0,1%, 0,25%, 0,5%, 1%, 3% e 5%. No grupo controle branco aplicou-se água destilada e no controle positivo niclosamida a 1%. Os resultados demonstraram que a seiva de F. foetida nas concentrações de 1%, 3% e 5% atuou como ovicida em ambas as metodologias testadas. Para os jovens, nos testes sem substrato, a substância foi 100% letal em todas as concentrações. Nos testes com substrato apenas as concentrações de 3% e 5% causaram mortalidade significativa. Com relação ao crescimento não houve diferença expressiva. Nos experimentos realizados com os indivíduos adultos, todas as concentrações foram letais para os testes sem substrato. Em contrapartida, apenas as concentrações de 3% e 5% foram significativas nos testes com substrato. Nenhuma das concentrações utilizadas alterou a ovipostura dos adultos sobreviventes. Para avaliar a influência de F. foetida no comportamento foram utilizados 90 animais e as concentrações de 0,5% (T1) e 5% (T2). O grupo controle branco recebeu água destilada. Nas observações comportamentais utilizaram-se os métodos grupo focal e scan em intervalos regulares de 15 minutos, em uma sessão de 24 horas. No grupo T2 houve alteração no repertório comportamental enquanto que no grupo T1 apenas a freqüência de realização do comportamento agregativo e do deslocamento vertical foram significativas em relação ao grupo controle. Este fato ocorreu, provavelmente, em função da ação repelente da seiva na concentração de 0,5%. Os resultados obtidos na realização dos experimentos demonstraram que F. foetida poderá ser promissora no controle de moluscos terrestres, pois, em condições de laboratório, atuou como ovicida e moluscicida para S. octona. / Terrestrial molluscs constitute an important study group in parasitology, because some species can act as hosts for helminth parasites of domestic animals and humans. Moreover, they are agricultural plagues and can cause economic damages. Alternatively, one can use molluscicide substances to interrupt the life cycles of parasitic helminths and reduce damage to agriculture. The use of molluscicide substances of vegetal origin can represent a safe and effective method for controlling molluscs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the sap of Furcraea foetida (L.) Haw. on the biological and behavioral aspects of Subulina octona (Bruguière, 1789). To verify its effects on survival, calves eclodibility, growing and reproduction, 360 eggs, 420 fifteen days old (young) individuals and 420 adults were used. The sap was obtained by crushing the leaves and diluting with distilling water. Application was done using hand sprayers, according to two methodologies: experiments with or without substrate. The used concentrations were 0,1%, 0,25%, 0,5%, 1%, 3% and 5%. In the white control group it was sprayed distilled water, and 1% niclosamide was sprayed in the positive control. Results showed that 1%, 3% and 5% F. foetida sap acted as eggcides, on both types of experiment conducted here. For the young individuals, the substance proved to be 100% lethal in all concentrations, when tested without substrate. When using substrate, only 3% and 5% concentrations caused significant mortality. No expressive differences were observed on growth rates. When using adult individuals in substrate experiments, all concentrations proved to be lethal. However, when using no substrate, only the 3% and 5% concentrations were significative. The sap did not alter the egg production of surviving adults. To evaluate the influence of the F. foetida on behavior, 90 animals and 0,5% (T1) and 5% (T2) concentrations were used; white control group received distilled water. For the behavioral observations, the focal group and scan (15-minute intervals) sampling methods were used, in 24 hour session. T2 group showed alteration in its behavioral repertoire, while only aggregative behavior and vertical movement frequencies showed significative alterations, when compared with the control group. This probably occurred due to the repellent function of the sap in the 0,5% concentration. The results obtained in the realization of experiments demonstrated that F. foetida can be promising in terrestrial molluscs control, because, in laboratory conditions, actuated as eggcide and molluscicide for S. octona.

The work deals with molluscs as specific inhabitants of boulder sites in southern part of Křivoklátsko PLA. It discusses related questions and information sources connected with nature protection. The thesis describes molluscs as generally lesser known, but diverse group of animals with variety of ecological requirements. It shows the results of malacozoological site research performed using collection of leaf litter samples and compares them to previous works. It also examines how the topic could be incorporated in education. The work emphasizes the ecology of molluscs, whose knowledge can facilitate contextual thinking about various organisms and also is not confined to a narrow scope of biology. The thesis discusses various means of education and describes a general proposal of excursion to the place of interest. Keywords gastropods ecology excursion nature protection didactics

This diploma thesis deals with malacological research of selected forest localities in the natural park Džbán (Central Bohemia). The goal of this work is to molluscan explore composition in target area and compare results with the research of Dr. Vojen Ložek from years 1947-2010. His collections, which are deposited in the Repository of the National Museum in Prague - Horní Počernice, were processed in detail for this purpose. Obtained results enabled evaluation of changes in researched localities and the impact of such changes on composition of malacocenoses over the years. Standard malacological research was performed in selected localities of Džbán area. At 20 forest stations, we applied the method of soil samples, at 1 wetland locality we applied a method of wet washout. Collected material was further processed, determined and assessed. Altogether, 65 species of mollusc were found in selected area. Place called Cikánský dolík was chosen for the didactic part of this diploma thesis, which means a proposal for field trip of natural science. Such provided instruction is suitable for pupils from the 2nd level of basic schools. After adjustment, it can be used for younger pupils or older students. A guide containing 25 species of terrestrial snails of Džbán area was created as an aid. This guide...