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This dissertation focuses on the cultural representations of the one-child policy ever since 1978. The artistic discourses about the one-child policy provide a fantastic space to explore China’s post-socialist society and contending ideologies. It also sheds light on the intricate relation between aesthetics and politics and these among the state, family and individual. Moreover, as discourses, artistic narratives and images also participate in the redefining of reproduction/one-child policy. Therefore, inquiries into the interaction between aesthetics and politics enrich our understanding of how reproductive ideals are constructed, negotiated and transformed. This dissertation can be divided into five parts. In the introduction part, I introduce issues related to the one-child policy, materials which I use and my main approaches to interpret them. Chapter Two explores how post-1978 family planning films and novel envision the ideal reproductive lives of peasants through the construction of ideal reproductive subjects, especially ideal female models. These artistic works also show changed representations of the ideal role models. Chapter Three looks into the patriarchal reproductive subject in Mo Yan’s Frog which centers on the conflict between state power and traditional male-centric reproductive culture. Although there are ambiguities, the novel demonstrates that the state has failed to transform peasants’ traditional reproductive ideas. Chapter Four deals with women’s exploration of reproduction from the 1980s on. The writings of some female authors demonstrate a consciousness of independent female reproductive desire. In some works, we can even see the emergence of a new kind of female reproductive privacy. In these works, reproduction becomes the female protagonists’ personal, private matter and women’s subjectivity is seen in their ability to make reproductive decisions according to their own interests. In the Coda, I talk about my future research plans. Overall, in this dissertation, I trace the political, economic, cultural, and technical factors that contribute to the gradual emergence of pluralism in reproductive ideas and practices. My dissertation demonstrates the dynamic interaction among different forces affecting reproduction, one of the most strictly controlled realms in Chinese life. Although reproduction is still mainly dictated by the state current two-child policy, a push towards greater individual autonomy is starting to gain momentum. / 10000-01-01

<p>In this study have I examined how treatment of girls with neuropsychological impairments is functioning? I have looked at the theories and methods of treatment on the base of the care program and how it is put into practice. In addition I have interviewed four girls who have undergone the treatment program.</p><p>To gain perspective on institutional care as a social phenomenon, I have tried to give a brief historical retrospect in which particular care for women are described. I am also affecting certain gender aspects of institutional care. I have also tried to make a brief account of current research on the treatment.</p><p>The study is a qualitative study in which I am apart from literature studies used participant observation in depth interviews as a method.</p><p>My results indicate that a well structured treatment with CBT approach can work well to achieve lasting behavioural changes in students.</p>

In this study have I examined how treatment of girls with neuropsychological impairments is functioning? I have looked at the theories and methods of treatment on the base of the care program and how it is put into practice. In addition I have interviewed four girls who have undergone the treatment program. To gain perspective on institutional care as a social phenomenon, I have tried to give a brief historical retrospect in which particular care for women are described. I am also affecting certain gender aspects of institutional care. I have also tried to make a brief account of current research on the treatment. The study is a qualitative study in which I am apart from literature studies used participant observation in depth interviews as a method. My results indicate that a well structured treatment with CBT approach can work well to achieve lasting behavioural changes in students.

In the case of Gypsy women is necessary to realize that they are actually discriminated twice. The first discrimination is in term of members of the Gypsy minority, the other in term of gender. The gender is not reflected in social work. Therefore, I consider this topic being current. What is discussed a lot this is an inclusion of the Gypsy minority and the gender equality. The theoretical part deals with general gender and gender in social work with the Gypsy community. Furthermore, it defines the position of Gypsy women in the family and in the society. For qualitative research, I chose a narrative interview technique, which is used to obtain information about collective biographical and historical context of the investigated event, through spontaneous narrative of informant, which is only cautiously led by researcher. Quality data collected interview were elaborated by using coding. There were two Gypsy women with different socio-economic status as a basic research group. Additional file was formed by a social worker and a social worker working with the Gypsy minority. The aim of this thesis was to analyze the gender dimension in social work with Roma woman. The research showed that the situation of Gypsy women in the family positively changes. It starts becoming a creature that is not as inferior and secondarily as a Gypsy man. Strict rules for life in the Roma family ease gradually. Women are more involved in decision-making within the family and they can decide about their rights. However, one aspect of gender remains largely the fact that Gypsy women still struggle with low levels of education and skills. This is especially reflected when these women ask for a job. Frequent failures are primarily caused by the refusal by employers because of prejudice and long-term unemployment which cause loss of motivation or work habits. Gypsy women feel negative and contemptuous behavior towards their ethnicity, whether in a job search or by state institutions, such as when they apply for social benefits. Social work approaches to Gypsy clients only in terms of ethnic minorities. However, the approach in terms of gender is neglected. The contribution of this work is to contribute to the understanding of the overall situation of Gypsy women and to the obstacles which avoid their emancipation. Results could contribute to the understanding of social work with Gypsy women and Gypsy minority in general. It can be additionally used for the evaluation of an approach of social work with Gypsy women.

Magistro baigiamojo darbo tikslas - ištirti kaip darbinio streso raišką veikia tokie sociodemografiniai rodikliai kaip amžius ir lytis. Darbo konceptualioje dalyje atskleidžiami darbinio streso raiškos ypatumai bei darbinio streso sąryšiai su amžiumi ir lytiškumu. Išanalizavus tyrimo duomenis nustatyta, kad lytiškumo aspektu darbinio streso raiškos skirtumai labiausiai pasireiškia per menką profesinę savivertę; blogą sveikatą; psichosomatinius simptomus bei diskomfortą dėl menko profesijos prestižo. Amžiaus aspektu darbinio streso raiškos skirtumai labiausiai pasireiškia per netinkamą darbo aplinką ir darbinės aplinkos aprūpinimą; sudėtingą, nemalonų atvykimą į darbą; blogą sveikatą bei menką profesinę savivertę. / The aim of this master work is to explore how job stress expression is affected by sociodemographic characteristics such as age and gender. In the conceptual part of the work are the expression of job stress and correlation between job stress and age and gender relationship revealed. Analysis of survey data shows that the gender aspects of job stress expression occur in low professional self-esteem; poor health; psychosomatic symptoms and discomfort due to the low prestige of the profession. The age aspects of job stress expression occur in inappropriate working environment and working environment provision, difficult, unpleasant arrival to work, poor health and low professional self-esteem.