Nakenhet och sexuella anspelningar är något som drar till sig vår uppmärksamhet. Genom historien går det att se tydliga skillnader i hur detta faktum skiljer sig mellan män och kvinnor i reklam. Studiens förarbete och teoretiska ramverk visar på att en av de kategorier där det är väldigt vanligt att använda en mer könsnormativ uppvisning av både män och kvinnor är parfymreklam, vilket således har lett till utförandet av denna studie. Studien utforskar hur mottagare ser på och tar emot väldigt könsnormativ parfymreklam samt, hur och om det skiljer sig mot hur de tar emot könsneutral parfymreklam.  Detta undersöktes i ett projekt där deltagarna, genom ett flertal fokusgruppsintervjuer, har fått analysera och diskutera flera olika annonser som alla presenterade skilda nivåer av könsnormativitet kontra könsneutralitet för att se vilket som föredras och sedan finna anledningen till varför. Projektets huvudsakliga mål var att skapa parfymannonser som speglade de olika nivåerna av könsnormativitet som skulle undersökas för att under studiens gång, omarbeta dessa utifrån de åsikter som framkom så att de möter mottagarnas förväntningar.  Det resultatet visade var att en begränsad mängd av könsnormativitet i parfymreklam är att föredra av deltagarna. Dock visades det att en del könsneutrala samt, väldigt könsnormativa reklamannonser också togs emot på ett positivt vis beroende på den känsla de utgav. / Historically nudity and sexual allusion have been a phenomenon clearly demonstrated throughout advertising. This project sets out to explore and discuss promotional campaigns deployed by the perfume industry when advertising typical gender stereotypes and whether that is preferred by the target audience. This study's preparatory work in combination with previous research asks the question; Is the usage of gender normative material preferred by the target audience and how do these traditional groups react to gender neutral material? This was investigated and tested through the use of focus groups where all participants were presented with several advertisements which varied in degrees of gender normativity and gender neutrality. Data was collected, analyzed and further discussion within the groups were held to ascertain which ads were more preferable and why. The main focus of this study was to help form a new understanding of participants' opinions and ultimately to explore new marketing avenues that would match more closely with recipient expectations.    The results show that, to a certain degree, gender normative advertisements are preferable in comparison to gender neutral and explicit gender normative material, despite some of the neutral examples being met with positive responses depending on the feeling they yielded.

I tidigare forskning har det uppmätts skillnader mellan pojkars och flickors attityd, prestation och deltagande i ämnet matematik. Synen på matematik som en manlig domän fortsätter prägla individers attityd till ämnet, trots att flickors prestationer inom matematiken talar för något annat. Syftet med studien är således att undersöka flickors attityd till matematikämnet i den svenska kontexten. Syftet uppfylls med hjälp av två frågeställningar: Hur upplever flickor i årskurs 4–6 matematikämnet? På vilket sätt kan flickors attityd till matematikämnet återspeglas i eventuella normer i matematikklassrummet? Frågeställningarna besvaras utifrån ett normkritiskt perspektiv som har sin grund i vetenskapsteorin socialkonstruktionismen.   Det empiriska materialet har samlats in genom kvantitativa enkäter och kvalitativa, strukturerade observationer. Enkäterna analyserades med hjälp av statistiska Chi2-test och observationerna sammanställdes utifrån en deduktiv tematisk analysmetod. Resultatet visar att attityden till matematikämnet skiljer sig åt bland flickorna, där uppfattningen om ämnet kan relateras till genusnormer i klassrumsmiljön. Observationerna visar att det råder en tysthetsnorm och en norm att göra rätt bland deltagarna som även återspeglas i enkätsvaren. Majoriteten av de deltagande flickorna hade en positiv attityd till ämnet, men pojkarna visade fortfarande högre grad av aktivitet och deltagande i undervisningen. / Previous research indicates that differences exist between boys’ and girls’ attitudes and performance in mathematics. Despite girls’ achievements in the subject, the perception of mathematics as a male-dominated domain continues to influence attitudes towards the subject. The aim of this study is therefore to investigate girl’s attitudes towards mathematics in a Swedish context. To achieve the purpose, two central research questions were formulated: How do girls in grades 4-6 experience the subject of mathematics? In what ways can girls’ attitudes towards mathematics be reflected in the norms of the math classroom? The research questions were approached from a norm-critical perspective that is rooted in the theory of social constructionism. The empirical data consisted of both quantitative surveys and qualitative, structured observations. Statistical Chi2-tests were used to analyze the survey data and a deductive thematic analyze was utilized when analyzing the observations. The result shows variations in attitudes towards mathematics among female pupils, which can be related to gender norms in the classroom. The observations reveal the existence of a norm of silence and a norm of correctness among the participants, which also appear in the survey responses. Despite most of the participating girls having a positive attitude towards the subject, boys still demonstrated higher levels of engagement and involvement during the teaching sessions.

This essay analyses and compares gender construction in Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontë and Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontë. The focus is on the construction of the female and male gender of selected female and male characters. Using the knowledge that gender is highly dependent on the social and cultural environment and that family relations often impact gender, the aim of the essay is to examine if the two authors use similar methods to construct gender. Additionally, the aim is to analyse if the novels are critical towards Victorian gender norms. As feminist criticism specializes in gender analysis, this literary critical approach is used. Furthermore, additional information about the historical context was used to analyse and compare the novels. The comparison demonstrates that Emily Brontë and Charlotte Brontë mainly use the same methods to construct the female and male gender in their novels. It also illustrates that both novels are critical towards Victorian gender norms.

Research indicates nearly one-fourth of college women fall victim to sexual assault (Cantor et. al., 2015). Two predictors of high proclivity to rape are endorsement of rape myths and adherence to traditional gender norms (King & Roberts, 2011). Additionally, research shows school-based sex education in the United States presents gender and sexual norms in troubling ways that disproportionately harm women (Kendall, 2013). However, research on sexual assault and rape myths have not examined the impact school-based sex education has on rape supportive attitudes. This study aimed to bridge that gap by using original survey data from undergraduate students at a large public university. Analyses indicate sex education has an inconsistent impact on rape myth acceptance; additionally, seeking sexual health information online was found to significantly lower endorsement of rape myths. Study outcomes suggest that further research is needed to explore the relationship between sex education curricula and rape supportive attitudes.

<p>The aim of this investigation work " What was it called...Equality...? is to study a clinics current gender equailty plan from a gender approach and by a field survey see if, and in that case, how it can be improved. A connection between existing gender norms and gender power strukctures is applied in the results of this survey in order to illustrate their significance from an individual as well as a structural perspektive.</p><p>The survey has been carried through by a field survey as well as a discourse analysis as method. Yvonne Hirdmans gender power system is on of the main theoretical points of departure.</p><p>The results that I have achieved in this essay is that gender can be looked at in different ways within the labour market where women have the main responsibility over the family and are considered more nursing then men. Men on the other hand are thinking of their carriers and have higher salary requirements. Gender rolls and their maintanace are the reason of the existing gender segregation on the labour market. The importance of an increased knowledge of how gender is created and recreated within the organisation are necessary to make a difference and that knowledge are important for men as well as for women.</p>

<p>This research aimed to explore why the Imbizo Men&rsquo / s Health Project is successful in encouraging men to participate in an HIV focused intervention by exploring what the respondents perceived to be the essential elements required for the constructive involvement of men in health related HIV prevention programmes. It used the qualitative research method of six focus group discussions to gather data. The study population was participants from the Imbizo Men&rsquo / s Health Project. A purposive sample of 40 men aged 18- 35 years old living in Soweto were selected from this study population. The content of the focus group discussions was analysed to identify recurring themes and perceptions, and the key suggestions made by the respondents.</p>

This thesis aims to expand our understanding of the relationship between gender, sport and development. Specifically, it asks 1) how a sport, gender and development program is conceptualized and deployed by members of a young Somali-Canadian women’s group in Toronto, Canada and 2) if female participation in sport is thought to contribute to new gender norms, roles and relationships within such a diaspora community. Working within a postcolonial/transnational feminist framework, the thesis utilizes focus group interviews and engages with issues of power, representation and knowledge production. The findings shed light on the influences that have both informed and constrained this particular community initiative, as well as the possibilities and limitations of using sport to negotiate new gender norms, roles and relationships within the Somali diaspora. In conclusion, several recommendations are made to researchers and practitioners invested in the burgeoning field of international sport for development.

This thesis aims to expand our understanding of the relationship between gender, sport and development. Specifically, it asks 1) how a sport, gender and development program is conceptualized and deployed by members of a young Somali-Canadian women’s group in Toronto, Canada and 2) if female participation in sport is thought to contribute to new gender norms, roles and relationships within such a diaspora community. Working within a postcolonial/transnational feminist framework, the thesis utilizes focus group interviews and engages with issues of power, representation and knowledge production. The findings shed light on the influences that have both informed and constrained this particular community initiative, as well as the possibilities and limitations of using sport to negotiate new gender norms, roles and relationships within the Somali diaspora. In conclusion, several recommendations are made to researchers and practitioners invested in the burgeoning field of international sport for development.

The aim of this investigation work " What was it called...Equality...? is to study a clinics current gender equailty plan from a gender approach and by a field survey see if, and in that case, how it can be improved. A connection between existing gender norms and gender power strukctures is applied in the results of this survey in order to illustrate their significance from an individual as well as a structural perspektive. The survey has been carried through by a field survey as well as a discourse analysis as method. Yvonne Hirdmans gender power system is on of the main theoretical points of departure. The results that I have achieved in this essay is that gender can be looked at in different ways within the labour market where women have the main responsibility over the family and are considered more nursing then men. Men on the other hand are thinking of their carriers and have higher salary requirements. Gender rolls and their maintanace are the reason of the existing gender segregation on the labour market. The importance of an increased knowledge of how gender is created and recreated within the organisation are necessary to make a difference and that knowledge are important for men as well as for women.

<p>This research aimed to explore why the Imbizo Men&rsquo / s Health Project is successful in encouraging men to participate in an HIV focused intervention by exploring what the respondents perceived to be the essential elements required for the constructive involvement of men in health related HIV prevention programmes. It used the qualitative research method of six focus group discussions to gather data. The study population was participants from the Imbizo Men&rsquo / s Health Project. A purposive sample of 40 men aged 18- 35 years old living in Soweto were selected from this study population. The content of the focus group discussions was analysed to identify recurring themes and perceptions, and the key suggestions made by the respondents.</p>