This thesis proposes an anti-Orientalist reading of the portrait of the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror (r. 1451-1481) by Gentile Bellini. The artist's work is analysed in the context of the Venetian Renaissance and the status of the visual arts in the Ottoman Empire. Mehmed's patronage of Italian artists, who created medallic and pictorial portraits of the sovereign, is considered together with the local translation of conventions enabled by early modern cross-cultural encounters. The Western political and intellectual climate following the conquest of Constantinople by Mehmed in 1453 is examined and, in particular, the secularising crusade literature produced by humanist scholars. Covert efforts to incorporate the Turks within the boundaries of civilised society coexisted with the conventional derogatory anti-Turkish propaganda. Bellini's portrait is seen as an attempt to portray the sultan as a member of the Venetian aristocracy. The historiographical record of modern academic scholarship in the disciplines of history and art history exploring these cross-cultural exchanges is set in a framework that explores the role of Edward Said's Orientalism in light of recent developments.

Submitted by Bruna Rodrigues (bruna92rodrigues@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-09-21T12:37:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMRD.pdf: 2256436 bytes, checksum: 5ccd47bc60640b3f7edf9e397627263a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-21T18:24:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMRD.pdf: 2256436 bytes, checksum: 5ccd47bc60640b3f7edf9e397627263a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-21T18:24:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMRD.pdf: 2256436 bytes, checksum: 5ccd47bc60640b3f7edf9e397627263a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-21T18:24:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMRD.pdf: 2256436 bytes, checksum: 5ccd47bc60640b3f7edf9e397627263a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-29 / Não recebi financiamento / The objective of this research is to develop a study around the teaching of Philosophy in the Italian secondary schools, based on the education reform fostered by Giovanni Gentile, Ministro della Pubblica Istruzione (Secretary of the Department of Education, in English). We will focus this study during the years of 1923 - 1925, when the reform was implemented, until the moment it suffered some changes promoted by the Secretaries of Education who succeeded Gentile. In order to achieve these objectives, we divided the research into three sections. The first section is to familiarize the reader with the history of this research, which is presenting the first years of the fascist regime implemented by Mussolini. This way, we will discuss the development of the fascism as a myth and investigate its primary impacts in the education and in the Italian society as a whole. The second section will focus on the introduction of the philosopher Giovanni Gentile. It will talk about the application of his education reform in the Italian schools, which had been stagnated since 1859, without significant accomplishments. In the third section, we will cover the teaching of Philosophy, which is present in the secondary schools but excluded from other types of schools, such as technical institutes and complementary schools. This reform has ensured the presence of the teaching of Philosophy in the curriculum but has not been enough to guarantee it to be offered to all Italian youths. The reasons that led to this unequal treatment on the teaching of Philosophy will be reviewed during this research. / Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo desenvolver um estudo acerca do ensino de Filosofia na escola secundária italiana a partir da reforma educacional promovida pelo ministro da Pubblica Istruzione Giovanni Gentile. Nos situamos, neste estudo, entre os anos de 1923 e 1925, desde a implementação da reforma até o momento em que ela passou a sofrer alguns retoques promovidos pelos ministros que sucederam a Gentile. A fim de alcançarmos tal objetivo, dividimos o trabalho em três eixos. No primeiro objetivamos contextualizar o leitor da realidade histórica em que estamos pesquisando, ou seja, os primeiros anos do regime fascista implantado por Mussolini. Assim, apresentamos a construção do fascismo como um mito e investigamos acerca de seus principais efeitos na educação e na sociedade italiana como um todo. O segundo eixo visa introduzir a figura do filósofo Giovanni Gentile nesse contexto e a aplicação de sua reforma educacional, que movimentou a escola italiana que estava praticamente estagnada, sem passar por atualizações significativas, desde 1859. No terceiro eixo tratamos do ensino de Filosofia, presente nos liceus, mas excluída de outros tipos de escolas, como o instituto técnico e a escola complementar. A mesma reforma que zelou pela presença do ensino de filosofia, por sua carga horária e por seu conteúdo, não garantiu que ela fosse oferecida a todos os jovens italianos. Os motivos que levaram a este tratamento diferenciado do ensino de filosofia, serão examinados ao longo deste trabalho.

No description available.

Le mémoire de recherche présenté tente dans un premier temps d'exposer la philosophie de Giovanni Gentile, l'actualisme. Cette présentation commence donc par expliquer les fondements du système gentilien en lien avec l'histoire de la philosophie occidentale et une critique de la logique hégélienne. Après avoir traité les origines de la pensée actualiste, nous en présentons les principaux caractères et problèmes que nous pouvons relever. Dans un second temps, le mémoire de recherche tente de comprendre comment la philosophie actualiste peut être associée au régime fasciste, comme elle l'a été, historiquement, par Gentile lui-même. Finalement, le mémoire tente de voir si la philosophie actualiste de Gentile mène inexorablement vers une politique de type fasciste, totalitaire, ou si Gentile n'a pas été aveuglé et a peut être mal appliqué sa propre philosophie.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:21:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Henrique Garbellini Carnio.pdf: 680239 bytes, checksum: 331c861ccba2eee23e302be635eb4596 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present thesis aims to address the relationship between law and power in its relationship with politics and violence. The work claims to demonstrate that the problematization propose reveals a zone of indeterminacy between the intricacies of law and politics. With this, the thesis intends to lay the foundations for an introduction to a theory of politic-law, in other words, to propose the basis of a legal-politic theory that contributes in a emphatic and in critical way in the discussion of the current legal problems, in particular, the characteristics situations that show a use of law as manipulative governance force that causes disorientation of life itself and reveals a dimension in which the law and institutions who use it turn against themselves generating a profound trivialization of the concepts of legality and legitimacy. The proposal has a genealogical investigative method that understands, in a relational way relationally, law and politics as typically human phenomena that are rooted in deeper dimensions of man from primitive communities and in a emblematically form nowadays / A presente tese objetiva abordar o problema da relação entre direito e poder em sua articulação com a política e a violência. Há no trabalho a pretensão de demonstrar que a problemática instaurada revela atualmente uma zona de indeterminação entre os meandros do direito e da política. Com isso, pretendese lançar as bases de uma introdução à teoria política do direito, ou seja, de propor as bases de uma teoria político-jurídica que contribua de maneira enfática e crítica na discussão dos atuais problemas jurídicos, em especial, das características situações que evidenciam um uso do direito enquanto força manipuladora de governabilidade que ocasiona desorientação da própria vida e revela uma dimensão em que o direito e as instituições que dele se utilizam voltam-se contra si mesmas gerando uma profunda banalização das noções de legalidade e legitimidade. A proposta tem um mote investigativo genealógico que entende, de modo relacional, o direito e a política enquanto fenômenos tipicamente humanos que encontram-se enraizados nas dimensões mais profundas do homem, desde as comunidades primitivas e de forma emblemática nos dias atuais

Submitted by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-21T18:50:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissRARMA.pdf: 5470332 bytes, checksum: e56022e54a0fe99cc8ca45fc74f7e424 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-21T18:50:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissRARMA.pdf: 5470332 bytes, checksum: e56022e54a0fe99cc8ca45fc74f7e424 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-21T18:50:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissRARMA.pdf: 5470332 bytes, checksum: e56022e54a0fe99cc8ca45fc74f7e424 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-21T18:50:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissRARMA.pdf: 5470332 bytes, checksum: e56022e54a0fe99cc8ca45fc74f7e424 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / It is a common habit to use the adjective of the city name to indicate people’s origin, however the formulating rules of the adjective has been rarely discussed in the literature. The main objective of this work is to describe the gentile adjectives, which originate from the place names called toponyms. Using specific morphological rules of combination and proposing the formal representation of their regularities we can formulate the basis for a computational system, which can automatically generate the gentiles from their place names. The system proposed here is founded on the methodological principles of Dias-da-Silva (1996) - with respect to the three-phase methodology of the Natural language processing (NLP) - and the theoretical assumptions in the works of Borba (1998), Biderman (2001), Dick (2007) Jurafsky (2009) and Sandmann (1992, 1997). The corpus consists of 5,570 municipalities’ names (toponyms) and their respective gentiles, extracted in a form of a list from the database of the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). It was observed that only from a small set of recurrent unities, such as suffixes and ends of lexical entities, it is possible to extract patterns which can be subsequently used to formulate combination rules for automatic word processing. During this work, the issue of computational representation stands out and proves natural language complexity. Although natural languages can be in principle automatically processed using computers, their inherent features may deviate from the formulated rules and make the processing more intricate. Nonetheless, the results show that it is possible to automatize 52% of the generation of gentiles from the municipal toponyms. Conclusively the inherent opacity of the Portuguese does not allow direct processing of all of the language toponyms. / Utilizam-se diariamente nomes de cidades e adjetivos que indicam as pessoas que nasceram ou vivem nessas cidades, mas raramente se reflete sobre as regras de formação dessas palavras. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo descrever os adjetivos pátrios, ou gentílicos, que advêm dos nomes dos lugares - topônimos -, por meio de regras de combinação morfológicas específicas e propor a representação formal das suas regularidades com intuito de servir de base para um sistema computacional capaz de gerar automaticamente os gentílicos a partir dos seus topônimos. Tomou-se como orientação os princípios metodológicos de Dias-da-Silva (1996) - no que concerne à metodologia trifásica do PLN -, e os pressupostos teóricos nos trabalhos de Borba (1998), Biderman (2001), Dick (2007), Jurafsky (2009) e Sandmann (1992, 1997). O corpus da pesquisa consiste na lista dos topônimos de 5.570 municípios e seus respectivos gentílicos, extraídos do banco de dados do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Com esta pesquisa, foi possível observar que somente a partir das menores unidades recorrentes, como os sufixos e as extremidades finais das unidades léxicas, podem-se extrair padrões para a formulação de regras de combinação para um processamento automático. Além disso, a problemática da representação computacional evidencia a complexidade das línguas naturais, que embora sejam passíveis de processamento automático, são opacas e, desta maneira, sempre haverá questões inerentes a elas que dificultam essa tarefa. Ainda assim, os resultados mostraram que é possível automatizar a geração de gentílicos a partir de topônimos em 52% do total, o que já é um número razoável, considerando a opacidade inerente à língua natural mencionada.

Text in English / The purpose of this dissertation was to establish the rhetorical function of Romans 7 within the context of Romans 5-8. Chapter 1 involved a survey of the problem that led to the investigation and a discussion of a number of approaches offered as an interpretation for understanding Romans 7. Chapter 2 centred on an investigation into the nature of Paul's audience in Rome. Chapter 3 investigated the purpose of the letter as a help to understanding the rhetorical function of Romans 7. Chapter 4 dealt with the rhetorical function of Romans 7. The causa underlying Paul's rhetoric in Romans 7 was a tendency among Gentile Christians to want to return to the law. Paul set out strongly to counter this tendency because it was incompatible with their position in Christ and would foil his plans in respect of the Gentile Christians in Rome and of the Gospel to the West. / Biblical & Ancient Studies / M.A. (Biblical Studies)

Text in English / The purpose of this dissertation was to establish the rhetorical function of Romans 7 within the context of Romans 5-8. Chapter 1 involved a survey of the problem that led to the investigation and a discussion of a number of approaches offered as an interpretation for understanding Romans 7. Chapter 2 centred on an investigation into the nature of Paul's audience in Rome. Chapter 3 investigated the purpose of the letter as a help to understanding the rhetorical function of Romans 7. Chapter 4 dealt with the rhetorical function of Romans 7. The causa underlying Paul's rhetoric in Romans 7 was a tendency among Gentile Christians to want to return to the law. Paul set out strongly to counter this tendency because it was incompatible with their position in Christ and would foil his plans in respect of the Gentile Christians in Rome and of the Gospel to the West. / Biblical and Ancient Studies / M.A. (Biblical Studies)

The characterization of the Markan disciples has been and continues to be the object of much scholarly reflection and speculation. For many, the Markan author's presentation of Jesus' disciples holds a key, if not the key, to unlocking the purpose and function of the gospel as a whole. Commentators differ as to whether the Markan disciples ultimately serve a pedagogical or polemical function, yet they are generally agreed that the disciples in Mark come off rather badly, especially when compared to their literary counterparts in Matthew, Luke, and John. This narrative-critical study considers the characterization of the Markan disciples within the Sea Crossing movement (Mark 4:1-8:30). While commentators have, on the whole, interpreted the disciples' negative characterization in this movement in terms of lack of faith and/or incomprehension, neither of these, nor a combination of the two, fully accounts for the severity of language leveled against the disciples by the narrator (6:52) and Jesus (8:17-18). Taking as its starting point an argument by Jeffrey B. Gibson (1986) that the harshness of Jesus' rebuke in Mark 8:14-21 is occasioned not by the disciples' lack of faith or incomprehension but by their active resistance to his Gentile mission, this investigation uncovers additional examples of the disciples' resistance to Gentile mission, offering a better account of their negative portrayal within the Sea Crossing movement and helping explain many of their other failures. In short, this study argues that in Mark 4:1-8:26, the disciples are characterized as resistant to Jesus' Gentile mission and to their participation in that mission, the chief consequence being that they are rendered incapable of recognizing Jesus' vocational identity as Israel's Messiah (Thesis A). This leads to a secondary thesis, namely, that in Mark 8:27-30, Peter's recognition of Jesus' messianic identity indicates that the disciples have finally come to accept Jesus' Gentile mission and their participation in it (Thesis B). Chapter One: Introduction: offers a selective review of scholarly treatments of the Markan disciples, which shows that few scholars attribute resistance, let alone purposeful resistance, to the disciples. Chapter Two: The Rhetoric of Repetition: introduces the methodological tools, concepts, and perspectives employed in the study. It includes a section on narrative criticism, which focuses upon the story-as-discoursed and the implied author and reader, and a section on Construction Grammar, a branch of cognitive linguistics founded by Charles Fillmore and further developed by Paul Danove, which focuses upon semantic and narrative frames and case frame analysis. Chapter Three: The Sea Crossing Movement, Mark 4:1-8:30: addresses the question of Markan structure and argues that Mark 4:1-8:30 comprises a single, unified, narrative movement, whose action and plot is oriented to the Sea of Galilee and whose most distinctive feature is the network of sea crossings that transport Jesus and his disciples back and forth between Jewish and Gentile geopolitical spaces. Following William Freedman, Chapter Four: The Literary Motif: introduces two criteria (frequency and avoidability) for determining objectively what constitutes a literary motif and provides the methodological basis and starting point for the analyses performed in chapters five and six. Chapter Five: The Sea Crossing Motif: establishes and then carries out a lengthy narrative analysis of the Sea Crossing motif, which is oriented around Mark's use of ‎θάλασσα (thalassa) and πλοῖον (ploion), and Chapter Six: The Loaves Motif: does the same for The Loaves motif, oriented around Mark's use of ἄρτος (artos). Finally, Chapter Seven: The Narrative Logic of the Disciples (In)comprehension: draws together all narrative, linguistic, and exegetical insights of the previous chapters and offers a single coherent reading of the Sea Crossing movement that establishes Theses A and B.