Title: Measurement of muscle activity during gait at patients with knock knees Objective: The aim of this study was to compare muscle activation between two groups of volunteers with and without knock-knees during level ground and incline walking on treadmill by surface electromyography. Muscles were measured on both legs, specificly tibialis anterior muscle, gastrocnemius lateralis muscle, vastus medialis muscle, adductor magnus muscle, semimembranosus muscle and tensor fasciae latae muscle. The goal of this experiment was to discover which muscles are more or less aktive according to the other group of participants. Then based on the conclusion could be possible to affect these changes by physiotherapy in future. Methods: The surface electromyography was used for measurement muscle activation. There were 12 volunteers, 9 women and 3 men, participate on this study in age from 21 to 27. Intermalleolar distance was used as a screening investigation for sorting into two groups whether the knock-knees are present or not. Result: There were different muscle activation between both groupes. Some muscles had increased activation others had lowest activation. However, this increase can be considered as statistically significant only in case of averrage amplitude muscle activity during midstance of step by...

Title: Assess the degree of valgus and varus knee joint in the second stage students in primary school in the Karlovarský region. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore and assess the degree of weakening of the lower limbs in the knee joint area in children of second stage of primary school in Karlovarský region. The effort was get as much information from the test subjects to understand and determining problems in the lower limbs. It measured two types of impairment, valgus and varus knee. Part of this study was to find what sports activities affect the creation or increase of individual weakness in the recreational and competitive level. Methods: The thesis is conducted as an empirical quantitative research, which focuses on finding descriptive and associative relationships between variables. From a methodological point of view this is a type of observation. To determine the necessary data was used planimetric method: trigonometric measurement. Measurements were attended by 531 children, including 243 boys and 288 girls aged from 11 to 16. This has involved completing a questionnaire form with basic somatic details and types of sporting activities. Results: The results show significant differences between girls and boys with genu valgum and genu varum. Girls also reached higher values...

The GH/IGF-I axis is important for bone growth, but its effects on joint function are not completely understood. Adult onset GH deficient (GHD) individuals have often reduced bone mineral density (BMD). However, there are limited data on BMD in adult patients with untreated congenital isolated GHD (IGHD). We have shown that adult IGHD individuals from the Itabaianinha, homozygous for the c.57+1G>A GHRHR mutation, have reduced bone stiffness, but BMD and joint status in this cohort are unknown. The objective is to study BMD, joint function, and osteoarthritis score in IGHD adults harboring c.57+1G > A GHRHR mutation, previously untreated. It was performed a cross-sectional study. Areal BMD by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was measured in 25 IGHD and 23 controls. Volumetric BMD (vBMD) was calculated at the lumbar spine and total hip. Joint function was assessed by goniometry of elbow, hips and knees. X rays were used to measure the anatomic axis of knee and the severity of osteoarthritis, using a classification for osteophytes (OP) and joint space narrowing (JSN). Genu valgum was more prevalent in IGHD than controls. The osteoarthritis knees OP score was similar in both groups, and knees JSN score showed a trend to be higher in IGHD. The hips OP score, and JSN score were higher in IGHD. Areal BMD was lower in IGHD than controls, but vBMD was similar in the two groups. Range of motion was similar in elbow, knee and hip in IGHD and controls. Untreated congenital IGHD due inactivating GHRHR mutation causes hip joint osteoarthritis problems and genu valgum, without apparent clinical significance, reduces bone size but does not reduce vBMD of the lumbar spine and hip. / O eixo GH/IGF-I é importante para o crescimento e desenvolvimento ósseo, mas seus efeitos na densidade mineral óssea (DMO) e na função articular não são completamente conhecidos. Indivíduos com deficiência de GH (DGH) no início da vida adulta tem frequentemente redução da DMO. Entretanto, existem dados limitados em indivíduos com deficiência isolada e congênita do hormônio do crescimento (DIGH). Mostramos que indivíduos adultos com DIGH, decorrente de uma mutação no GHRHR tipo c.57+1G>A, provenientes da coorte de Itabaianinha, não tratados, apresentam uma redução da rigidez óssea, mas a DMO e a função articular dessa coorte são desconhecidas. O objetivo desse trabalho é estudar a DMO, a severidade da osteoartrite, a função e a anatomia articular em uma população de indivíduos com DIGH de ambos os sexos, portando a mutação c.57+1G > A GHRHR, provenientes de Itabaianinha. Foi realizado um estudo transversal, através da realização da densitometria óssea com cálculo da DMO areal e volumétrica (DMOv) em coluna lombar, quadril total e corpo inteiro, em 25 indivíduos com DIGH e 23 controles. A função articular foi avaliada pela goniometria dos cotovelos, quadris e joelhos. Radiografias foram feitas para mensurar o eixo anatômico do joelho e a severidade da osteoartrite, baseada numa adaptação da classificação da Sociedade Internacional de pesquisa da OA a partir dos osteófitos (OF) e estreitamento do espaço articular (EEA). Os resultados mostraram que DMO areal foi menor que nos controles, mas a DMOv foi similar em ambos os grupos. A amplitude de movimentos dos cotovelos, quadris e joelhos foram semelhantes em ambos os grupos. Geno valgo foi mais prevalente nos indivíduos com DIGH que nos controles. No joelho, o escore de osteoartrite para OF foi similar em ambos os grupos e o escore para EEA mostrou uma tendência a ser mais elevado na DIGH. No quadril, os escores de OF e do EEA foram maiores no DIGH. Em conclusão, DIGH congênita não tratada causa osteoartrite no quadril e geno valgo, sem aparente importância clínica, reduz o tamanho do osso, mas não reduz a DMOv da coluna lombar e quadril.