Orientador: Francisco Lombardi Neto / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T16:02:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Calhau_FernandaReikoPasserotti_D.pdf: 1299386 bytes, checksum: 31568364d9a3c75024dfb47b70ee39cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: A necessidade de conservação e preservação dos solos em áreas agrícolas é muito importante, pois na falta destas há ocorrência de problemas ambientais. O uso indiscriminado das terras, sem levar em conta suas potencialidades (tipo de solo, declividade, clima) é uma das principais causas da degradação do solo, erosão e perda de sua capacidade produtiva. A avaliação da aptidão agrícola de uma localidade é uma importante ferramenta, podendo subsidiar trabalhos sobre planejamento agroambiental e gerenciamento ambiental. O objetivo deste trabalho é comparar a base de dados de um Sistema de Informações Georeferenciadas (SIG) e um Sistema de Suporte a Decisão (SSD-SE), visando o planejamento da Microbacia Hidrográfica do Córrego do Jardim, no município de Santo Antonio do Jardim -SP. Os resultados adquiridos na Classe de Capacidade de Uso foram diferentes nas comparações entre as classes, mas quando estas mesmas classes foram reunidas em conjunto, o resultado foi semelhante. O SIG e o Sistema Especialista classificaram aproximadamente 40 % no Grupo B, de áreas adequadas para pastagem e reflorestamento e tiveram resultados divergentes para o Grupo A, adequada para utilização com cultura anual e cultura perene e divergente também para o Grupo C, que devem ser usadas para preservação ambiental. A adequação, quanto ao uso do solo não, teve diferença significativa, obtendo resultados por volta de 45 % da área da Microbacia sendo utilizada de forma adequada e 47 % com uso inadequado. Como resultado do Sistema de Suporte à Decisão e do Sistema de Informações Georeferenciadas, foi elaborado um plano de conservação para a microbacia, levando-se em consideração a sustentabilidade dos recursos ambientais. / Abstract: The need for soil conservation and preservation in agricultural areas is very important, because when they are gone environmental problems start to occur. The indiscriminate use of land, without any regard for its potentialities (type of soil, declivity, and weather) is one of the main causes for soil degradation, erosion and loss of productive capacity. The agricultural aptitude evaluation of a location is an important tool, being able to produce papers on agro-environmental planning and environmental management. The goal of this paper is to compare the data base of a Geo-referenced Information System (GIS) and a Decision Support System (DSS), aiming at the planning of the Hydrographic Micro Basin in the Jardim Stream located in the city of Santo Antonio do Jardim - SP. The acquired results in the Capacity Use Class were different in the comparison between classes, but when these same classes were collected as a group, the result was similar. The GIS and the Specialist System classified approximately 40% in Group B, of adequate areas for grazing and reforestation and had different results for Group A, adequate for use with annual and long-term cultures and also having different results for Group C, that should be used for environmental preservation. The Evaluation, regarding soil use, did not show a significant difference, obtaining results of about 45% of the Micro basin area being used in an adequate way and 47% with inadequate use. As a result of the Decision Support System and the Geo-referenced Information System, a conservation plan was made for the micro basin, taking into consideration the sustainability of the environmental resources. / Doutorado / Planejamento e Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável / Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola

The purpose of this dissertation is to assess digital geo-referenced information and standards for exchanging such information, especially the South African National Exchange Standard (NES). The process of setting up a standard is exacting. On the one hand, the process demands a thorough scrutiny and analysis of the objects to be standardised and of all related concepts. This is a prerequisite for ensuring that there is unanimity about their meaning and inter-relationships. On the other hand, the process requires that the standard itself be enunciated as succinctly, comprehensibly and precisely as possible. This dissertation addresses both these facets of the standards process in the context of standards for exchanging digital geo-referenced information. The dissertation begins with an analysis of geo-referenced information in general, including digital geo-referenced information. In chapters 2 and 3, the various aspects of such information are scrutinised and evaluated in more detail. The examination of concepts is backed up by a comprehensive Glossary of terms in the domain under discussion. Chapter 4 examines the nature of standards. It also proposes a novel way to approach a standard for the exchange of digital geo-referenced information: namely, that it can be viewed as a language and can accordingly be specified by a grammar. To illustrate the proposal, NES is fully specified, using the Extended Backus-Naur Form notation, in an Appendix. Apart from the advantages of being a succinct and precise formal specification, the approach also lends itself to deploying standard tools such as Lex and yacc for conformance testing and for developing interfaces to NES, as illustrated in a second appendix. As a final theme of the dissertation, an evaluation of such standards is provided. Other standards that have been proposed elsewhere for purposes similar to that of NES are surveyed in chapter 5. In chapter 6, features of NES are highlighted, including the fact that it takes a relational approach. Chapter 7 concludes the dissertation, summarising the work to date, and looking ahead to future work. AFRIKAANS : Die doel van hierdie verhandling is om versyferde geo-verwysde inligting en standaarde vir die uitruil van sulke inligting te ondersoek, met spesifieke verwysing na die Suid- Afrikaanse Nasionale Uitruilstandaard (NES). Die proses om ’n standaard op te stel is veeleisend. Aan die een kant vereis die proses ’n volledige bestudering en ontleding van die objekte wat gestandaardiseer gaan word, asook van al die verwante konsepte. Hierdie is ’n voorvereiste om te verseker dat daar oor hul betekenisse en onderlinge verwantskappe eenstemmigheid bestaan. Aan die ander kant vereis die proses dat die standaard so kernagtig, volledig en presies moontlik gestel moet word. Hierdie verhandeling spreek beide hierdie fasette van die standaardiseringsproses aan, en wel in die konteks van standaarde vir die uitruil van versyferde geo-verwysde inligting. Dié verhandling begin met ’n oorhoofse analise van geo-verwysde inligting, insluitend versyferde geo-verwysde inligting. In hoofstukke 2 en 3 word verskeie aspekte van dié inligting in meer detail ondersoek en geëvalueer. Hierdie ondersoek van konsepte word deur ’n omvattende woordelys van terme in die veld onder bespreking gesteun. Hoofstuk 4 ondersoek die aard van standaarde. Dit stel ook ’n nuwe manier voor om ’n standaard vir die uitruil van versyferde geo-verwysde inligting te benader, naamlik dat dit as ’n taal beskou kan word, en dat dit gevolglik deur middel van ’n grammatika gespesifiseer kan word. Om die voorstel te illustreer, word NES volledig in ’n aanhangsel deur middel van die Uitgebreide Backus-Naur Vorm notasie gespesifiseer. Afgesien van die voordeel van ’n kernagtige en presiese formele spesifikasie, ondersteun die benadering ook standaardgereedskap soos Lex en yacc wat vir konformeringstoetsing en vir NES koppelvlakke gebruik kan word, soos in ’n tweede aanhangsel illustreer word. As ’n finale tema van die verhandeling word ’n evaluasie van tersaaklike standaarde voorsien. Standaarde wat elders vir soortgelyke doeleindes aan dié van NES voorgestel is, word oorsigtelik in hoofstuk 5 beskou. In hoofstuk 6 word kenmerkende eienskappe van NES uitgelig, insluitend die feit dat dit op ’n relasionele benadering gebaseer is. Hoofstuk 7 sluit die verhandeling af met ’n opsomming van werk tot op datum en ’n blik op toekomstige werk. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 1993. / Computer Science / unrestricted