Submitted by Cláudia Bueno (claudiamoura18@gmail.com) on 2016-06-29T21:12:38Z No. of bitstreams: 9 Dissertação - Fernanda Rodrigues de Lima - 2015.pdf: 17446648 bytes, checksum: df774616998cda536a5e95fd2076294a (MD5) 1. Figura 8 - MapaA3_geologia.jpg: 9062069 bytes, checksum: caedbd95df087913eb2f26ce951d0118 (MD5) 2. Figura 16 - MapaA3_unidades do relevo.jpg: 6711605 bytes, checksum: c27cc059c83d2d0ddf510731713a59f5 (MD5) 3. Figura 17 - Mapa A3_formas do relevo.jpg: 7807858 bytes, checksum: 3a0c448103fffc374c328468dc9501af (MD5) 4. Figura 18 - MapaA3_hipsometria.jpg: 7859669 bytes, checksum: 3130d732d2aa93fccd88d447343a76a1 (MD5) 5. Figua 19 - MapaA3_declividade.jpg: 10945508 bytes, checksum: 0a87633e9c47a0646edfc2fc8cfe4391 (MD5) 6. Figura 20 - MapaA3_solo.jpg: 7347123 bytes, checksum: 2b9738898a1b1bd54ff5be5a326f2fd0 (MD5) 7. Figura 22 - MapaA3_hidrografia.jpg: 10595357 bytes, checksum: 5729e737839aa0a332774eae0227f9a6 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-06-30T12:08:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 9 Dissertação - Fernanda Rodrigues de Lima - 2015.pdf: 17446648 bytes, checksum: df774616998cda536a5e95fd2076294a (MD5) 1. Figura 8 - MapaA3_geologia.jpg: 9062069 bytes, checksum: caedbd95df087913eb2f26ce951d0118 (MD5) 2. Figura 16 - MapaA3_unidades do relevo.jpg: 6711605 bytes, checksum: c27cc059c83d2d0ddf510731713a59f5 (MD5) 3. Figura 17 - Mapa A3_formas do relevo.jpg: 7807858 bytes, checksum: 3a0c448103fffc374c328468dc9501af (MD5) 4. Figura 18 - MapaA3_hipsometria.jpg: 7859669 bytes, checksum: 3130d732d2aa93fccd88d447343a76a1 (MD5) 5. Figua 19 - MapaA3_declividade.jpg: 10945508 bytes, checksum: 0a87633e9c47a0646edfc2fc8cfe4391 (MD5) 6. Figura 20 - MapaA3_solo.jpg: 7347123 bytes, checksum: 2b9738898a1b1bd54ff5be5a326f2fd0 (MD5) 7. Figura 22 - MapaA3_hidrografia.jpg: 10595357 bytes, checksum: 5729e737839aa0a332774eae0227f9a6 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-30T12:08:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 9 Dissertação - Fernanda Rodrigues de Lima - 2015.pdf: 17446648 bytes, checksum: df774616998cda536a5e95fd2076294a (MD5) 1. Figura 8 - MapaA3_geologia.jpg: 9062069 bytes, checksum: caedbd95df087913eb2f26ce951d0118 (MD5) 2. Figura 16 - MapaA3_unidades do relevo.jpg: 6711605 bytes, checksum: c27cc059c83d2d0ddf510731713a59f5 (MD5) 3. Figura 17 - Mapa A3_formas do relevo.jpg: 7807858 bytes, checksum: 3a0c448103fffc374c328468dc9501af (MD5) 4. Figura 18 - MapaA3_hipsometria.jpg: 7859669 bytes, checksum: 3130d732d2aa93fccd88d447343a76a1 (MD5) 5. Figua 19 - MapaA3_declividade.jpg: 10945508 bytes, checksum: 0a87633e9c47a0646edfc2fc8cfe4391 (MD5) 6. Figura 20 - MapaA3_solo.jpg: 7347123 bytes, checksum: 2b9738898a1b1bd54ff5be5a326f2fd0 (MD5) 7. Figura 22 - MapaA3_hidrografia.jpg: 10595357 bytes, checksum: 5729e737839aa0a332774eae0227f9a6 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-20 / From Geoarchaeology, discipline that results from the interface between Archaeology and Geosciences, with an emphasis on Physical Geography and Paleogeography, as well as the formation process of archaeological record, this research analyzed the natural factors that conditioned archaeological site formation of Miracema do Tocantins 1 (MT1), currently, under Cerrado domain. The site, seated on sandy sediments on the left bank, of the middle course of Tocantins river, Miracema do Tocantins (TO), has been occupied since the beginning of the Holocene, just over 10.000 years BP, with intervals of no occupation. This study tested the idea that, the geological substrate of the site was a member of a supposed Quaternary paleodunes field in the region, now mischaracterized by Cerrado coverage and soil that it developed. The study started by the environmental characterization of the area, with emphasis on compilation and adaptation of geology, pedology and geomorphology information, followed by data collection in the field, which included the observation of the landscape, the exposure and description of geopedological substrate, collecting material for physical, pedostratigraphics and geochronological analysis, and the observation of the sedimentary structures, to identify the site substrate and post-depositional processes related to pedogenesis. The studies and analysis of pedologic materials indicated that the bedrock’s natures is sedimentary petrographic, dated from the Lower Carboniferous, associated with a wet environment sedimentation, of marine and fluvial facies; with absence of cross stratification, typical of wind dunes; and the sandy pedologic material exhibits textural homogeneity with medium sand fraction domain, is poorly sorted, of subrounded grains, subangular and high sphericity, but asymmetrically positive pattern. The soil morphology and composition exhibited progressive pedogenetic process without lithological or erosive discordance, with grains exposed to solar radiation at about 9.100 years and 4.870 years BP, according to OSL dating. In conclusion, the sandy material of the soil site comes from the change of the source material from rocks inherited from Carboniferous formation, giving rise to Quartzarenic Neosol, which was reworked during the Holocene by gravity displacement (colluvial deposition) and low-power wind process (not formed dunes), covering the layers of archaeological occupation dated from 10.530 years BP and 5.980 years BP. / A partir da Geoarqueologia, disciplina que resulta da interface entre a Arqueologia e as Geociências, com ênfase na Geografia Física e Paleogeografia, bem como, nos processos de formação do registro arqueológico, esta pesquisa analisou fatores naturais que condicionaram a formação do sítio arqueológico Miracema do Tocantins 1 (MT1), atualmente sob domínio de Cerrado. O sítio, implantado sobre sedimentos arenosos na margem esquerda do médio curso do rio Tocantins, município de Miracema do Tocantins (TO), foi ocupado desde o Holoceno Inicial, há pouco mais de 10.000 anos AP, com intervalos de não ocupação. O presente estudo testou a ideia de que o substrato geológico do sítio era integrante de um suposto campo de paleodunas Quaternárias na região, atualmente descaracterizado pela cobertura de Cerrado e de solos que nele se desenvolveram. O estudo iniciou-se pela caracterização geoambiental da área, com ênfase na compilação e adaptação das informações sobre a geologia, pedologia e geomorfologia, seguido do levantamento de dados em campo, que incluiu a observação da paisagem, a exposição e descrição do substrato geopedológico, a coleta de material para análises físicas, pedoestratigráficas e geocronológicas, além da observação de estruturas sedimentares visando identificar o substrato do sítio e os processos pós-deposicionais relacionado à pedogênese. Os estudos e as análises dos materiais geopedológico indicaram que o substrato rochoso é de natureza petrográfica sedimentar datado do Carbonífero Inferior, associada à sedimentação em ambiente úmido, de fácies marinha e fluvial, com ausência de estratificações cruzadas típicas de dunas eólicas; e que o material pedológico arenoso apresenta homogeneidade textural com domínio da fração areia média, é mal selecionado, com grãos subarredondados, subangulosos de alta esfericidade, mas de padrão assimetricamente positivo. A morfologia e constituição do solo exibiram processo pedogenético progressivo sem discordância litológica ou erosiva, com grãos expostos à radiação solar há cerca de 9.100 anos AP e 4.870 anos AP, segundo a datação LOE realizada. Concluiu-se que, o material arenoso do solo do sítio é proveniente da alteração do material de rochas herdadas das formacões Carboníferas, dando origem ao Neossolo Quartzarênico, o qual foi retrabalhado no Holoceno por deslocamento gravitacional (coluvionamento) e processo eólico de baixa energia (não formou dunas), soterrando as camadas de ocupação arqueológica datadas de 10.530 anos AP e 5.980 anos AP.

Está dissertação apresenta uma análise de uma coleção de líticos lascados recuperados no ano de 1999 pelo Laboratório de Estudos e Pesquisas Arqueológicas, na região Oeste do Rio Grande do Sul, Quaraí. O estudo deu ênfase para a perspectiva tecnológica e para o reconhecimento gestual da indústria lítica. Com isso, percebe-se a grande variabilidade que existe entre os plano-convexos e todas as suas estratégias de reciclagem. Também identificamos os sistemas de debitage e os métodos de lascamento dos núcleos. Para os instrumentos, criamos a hipótese de seus funcionamentos, suas preensões e suas ações transformativas a fim de entender este esquema dentro de um contexto regional e assim questionar as indústrias Uruguaias Catalanense e Quaraiense. Da mesma forma, testamos o modelo locacional criado por Milder (2000) (UNDR) dentro da área por nós estabelecida, como Rincão do Inferno e, assim, usamos as prerrogativas do fator geo como referência fundamental e indispensável para a pesquisa arqueológica. / This dissertation presents an analysis of chipped lithic that were recovered in 1999 by the laboratory of Archeological Researches and Studies, in the West Region of Rio Grande do Sul State, Quaraí. The study aimed mainly at the technological perspective and at the gestural recognition of lithic industry. Considering it, there is a great variability that can be perceived in relation to the plano-convex and all their recycling strategies. Debitage systems and nucleus chipper methods were identified. To the instruments, it was created a hypothesis to their working systems, their prehensions and their transformative actions in order to understand their methods inside a regional context and, then, question Catalense Uruguayan and Quaraiense industries. In the same way, it was tested the locating models created by Milder (UNDR) inside the area established for the study, as Rincão do Inferno and, then, it was used the geo factor prerogatives as a ultimate and indispensable factor to the archeological researches.

Crystal River (8CI1) is a Woodland period archaeological site on the west-central Gulf Coast of Florida, famous for its diverse suite of exotic artifacts typical of the Hopewell Interaction Sphere, as well as its monumental shell mounds which surround a central plaza. Historically, these plazas are utilized as spaces for cultural expression, daily interactions between members of the community, economic exchanges, and discourse of all types. They also serve as a symbolic space, embodying social and political relations that are critical to the formation and maintenance of cultural identity. These spaces are challenging to study using conventional archaeological techniques since they were often swept clean and kept free of debris, thus discouraging the possibility of recovering artifacts of any significant size. Instead, my study utilizes integrated geoarchaeological techniques, such as microartifact analysis, soil chemical analysis, ground-penetrating radar, and magnetic survey in order to reconstruct plaza activities. The results indicate a stark difference in function between the northern and southern ends of the plaza. The South Plaza demonstrates high concentrations of elements associated with food preparation and consumption, particularly P, Sr, K, and M, high microartifact densities, and an associated strong magnetic anomaly. On the other hand, phosphate depletion is observed in the North Plaza, and it is generally barren of micro-artifacts, despite the possible presence of a few geophysical anomalies. This area appears to have been kept free of debris, save for a charcoal deposit and elevated K and Mg directly in front of Mound H, which may allude to ceremonial or other functions not associated with food.

Hurricanes Irma and Maria have recently demonstrated once again the susceptibility of contemporary populations across the Caribbean to climate-driven events. For islands such as Antigua in the eastern Caribbean, this vulnerability is partly a legacy of prior land use. As such, the actions of pre-Contact and historic period inhabitants are intertwined with contemporary socio-ecological challenges faced by Antiguans today. This research sought to understand the relationship between land use and land degradation from ca. AD 100 to the present in eastern Antigua utilizing two markers of anthropic activity: soil stability and soil quality. Specifically, this research sought to examine how past anthropogenic actions have shaped landscape dynamics across two regions (Ayer’s Creek Basin and Indian Creek Basin), where archaeological research has revealed a long-term, continuous sequence of occupation dating back 2,000 years. Prior research suggests that contemporary environmental challenges in both regions may be linked to prior land management practices. However, it is unknown to what extent historical land use and its interactions with local geomorphology account for these challenges. The main research question was: In what ways and to what extent has past land use (as recorded archaeologically) impacted the landscape (as recorded by soil stability and soil quality) in the Ayer’s Creek and Indian Creek Basins in eastern Antigua? This research determined that contemporary soil erosion and soil quality loss may be attributed to historic land management practices, but mitigating these challenges is impeded by local perceptions of soil health.

No description available.

This dissertation consists of three articles that develop and implement geoarchaeological approaches to the study of hominin biogeography in the Greek islands, a region that may have played a key role during the initial peopling of southeastern Europe in the Middle to Late Pleistocene (770 – 13 ka). The first article addresses the need to find Palaeolithic sites in the Greek islands by reviewing geoarchaeologically informed archaeological surveys that prioritize deposits – Pleistocene sediments and soils – on mainland Greece. I operationalize and implement a four-phase approach for future deposit-centered surveys in the islands. I conclude that future surveys should target geomorphic settings conducive to paleosol preservation, such as in near-shore coastal areas (e.g., uplifted hillslopes and actively eroding alluvial fans) marked by paleo-sea-level-indicators (sea notches, marine terraces, and aeolianites), as well as sediment depo-centers (e.g., internally drained basins) in non-coastal geomorphic settings. The second article develops and employs a multiscalar geoarchaeological approach for investigating and interpreting complex hillslope formation processes at the newly excavated Palaeolithic site of Stelida, located on the island of Naxos, Greece. Here, I integrate traditional geoarchaeological methods (lithostratigraphy, pedostratigraphy, allostratigraphy) with microarchaeological techniques, such as thin-section soil micromorphology and portable x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF) to separate sediments and soils aiding in the construction of a stratigraphic framework for Stelida.The third article further develops the method of integrating pXRF and soil micromorphology applied at the site-specific scale. In this article, I developed an Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) method for visualizing geochemistry-facies relationships through the application of pXRF to a resin-impregnated block sample preserving an Archaic (seventh century BCE) ash midden (eschara) from the site of Kalopodi, Greece.This dissertation addresses a primary research effort in Greece’s Aegean Basin (Greek islands): the search for and study of Palaeolithic archaeology dating to Middle and Late Pleistocene. Geoarchaeologically informed research designs, such as deposit-centered surveys in open-air environments, can increase Palaeolithic site inventories for the region by focusing on finding geomorphic settings conducive to paleosol preservation. Moreover, the multi-scalar geoarchaeological approaches here, which integrate sedimentology, pedology, micromorphology, and geochemistry, provide an effective approach for the identification and compositional (mineralogic and geochemical) study of paleosols within those settings.

No description available.

Η σύγχρονη υφαλοκρηπίδα διατηρεί πολύτιμα αρχεία καταγραφής της ανθρώπινης ιστορίας, ως συνέπεια της επίκλυσης της θάλασσας σε μεγάλο τμήμα της χέρσου μετά το τέλος της τελευταίας παγετωνικής περιόδου. Επιπλέον, ο θαλάσσιος πυθμένας βρίθει ενδείξεων για τις ναυτικές δραστηριότητες του παρελθόντος, συχνά σε βάθη που ξεπερνούν το ανώτατο όριο αυτόνομης κατάδυσης. Οι θαλάσσιες γεωφυσικές μέθοδοι εφαρμόζονται με επιτυχία στην ενάλια αρχαιολογία, καταργώντας τους περιορισμούς και απλοποιώντας σημαντικά τις συμβατικές μεθόδους υποβρύχιας έρευνας. Συγκεκριμένα, χρησιμοποιούνται στον ακριβή εντοπισμό σε οποιοδήποτε βάθος και στη λεπτομερή χαρτογράφηση σε σύντομο χρονικό διάστημα (α) αρχαίων ναυαγίων και (β) καταβυθισμένων ανθρωπογενών κατασκευών και παλαιοακτών στην επιφάνεια του πυθμένα ή θαμμένων κάτω από χαλαρά ιζήματα. Μέσω αυτών επιτυγχάνεται η παλαιογεωγραφική ανάπλαση παράκτιων περιοχών. Στην παρούσα εργασία παρουσιάζονται τα προκαταρκτικά αποτελέσματα της θαλάσσιας γεωφυσικής έρευνας που πραγματοποίησε το 2012 το Ε.ΘΑ.ΓΕ.Φ.Ω. του Πανεπιστημίου Πατρών στον κόλπο Caska της νήσου Pag στην Κροατία, με τη χρήση τομογράφου υποδομής πυθμένα 3.5kHz υψηλής διακριτικής ικανότητας και ηχοβολιστή πλευρικής σάρωσης E.G&G 272TD διπλής συχνότητας (100 & 500 kHz), στο πλαίσιο του γεω-αρχαιολογικού ερευνητικού προγράμματος “Cissa Antiqua” που διεξάγει το Πανεπιστήμιο του Zadar σε συνεργασία με το Centre Camille Jullian (CNRS). Στις σεισμικές τομογραφίες αναγνωρίστηκαν τρεις σεισμικές ενότητες πρόσφατων ιζημάτων πάχους 12μ. που επικάθονται στο ήπια πτυχωμένο γεωλογικό υπόβαθρο. Σύμφωνα με τη σεισμική στρωματογραφία και τη σύγχρονη παράκτια γεωμορφολογία της περιοχής, προτείνεται η ύπαρξη συνθηκών απόθεσης γλυκού και υφάλμυρου νερού πριν από τη σταδιακή επίκλυση της θάλασσας στον κόλπο της Caska κατά το Ολόκαινο. Επιπλέον, τα τελευταία 2.000 χρόνια διαπιστώνεται στην περιοχή μια επεισοδιακή συν-σεισμική καταβύθιση. Τέλος, η ταξινόμηση με το λογισμικό TargAn και η στατιστική ανάλυση των στόχων που αναγνωρίστηκαν στην επιφάνεια του πυθμένα, ανέδειξε έξι στόχους πιθανού αρχαιολογικού ενδιαφέροντος που προτείνονται για οπτική επαλήθευση. / Marine geophysical techniques can be successfully applied to underwater archaeology, speeding up survey and making it possible to detect features of archaeological interest lying on the seafloor or embedded in sediments even beyond conventional diving limits. There are two general approaches regarding the application of these techniques in underwater archaeology: they are being used to identify, locate and map (a) ancient shipwrecks and (b) submerged sites of archaeological interest (ancient settlements, ports, man-made structures and palaeo-shorelines), thus enabling the palaeogeographic reconstruction of coastal areas. The applicability of marine remote sensing techniques in underwater archaeology is high-lighted through the current study case. In the framework of the geo-archaeological research project “Cissa Antiqua”, directed by the University of Zadar and Centre Camille Jullian (CNRS) a detailed marine remote sensing survey was carried out by the Laboratory of Marine Geology and Physical Oceanography of the University of Patras in Caska bay, Pag island, Croatia. The data collected by high resolution 3.5kHz subbottom profiling and towed E.G&G dual frequency (100 & 500kHz) side-scan sonar system have been analysed for the objectives of this study. According to the 3.5kHz profiles, the upper 12m of sediments consist of three distinct seismic sequences overlapping the gentle folded acoustic basement. The results of the seismic data in correlation to the present coastal geomorphology of the area suggest that these sequences correspond to phases of inundation by brackish water, before sea-water flooded the gulf, as consequence of the rapid sea-level rise of the Holocene. Furthermore, archaeological and geological data of the area suggest an episodical co-seismic submergence during the last 2 kyrs. The side-scan sonar survey revealed a large number of targets lying on the seafloor. Six of them have been selected by TargaAn software as targets of potential archaeological interest.

This thesis is an analysis and synthesis of the geologic and archaeological history of the Dickie Carr site, 41PR26, on Mill Creek in north central Texas. Included are analyses of the stratigraphy, sedimentary environments, and soils of the locality. A regional comparison is made with respect to the Late Quaternary geology of the upper Trinity River basin, Texas to interpret the geologic data. Two stratigraphic units were identified that record the Pleistocene-Holocene transition. The buried lower unit is comprised of terrace, floodplain, and channel deposits with extensive pedogenesis. The unit is Late Pleistocene in age and contains the remains of Mammuthus columbi. The upper stratigraphic unit is comprised of terrace and floodplain sediments with well-expressed pedogenesis. The unit is Early Holocene in age with Late Paleoindian and Late Archaic occupations. The archaeological components are compared and contrasted with documented sites from the Elm and East Forks of the Trinity River. The occupations are examined in a geoarchaeological context. The Late Paleoindian occupation is post-depositional and located in terrace deposits. The Late Archaic occupation is syndepositional and located in floodplain deposits.

Nesta dissertação, apresentamos os procedimentos adotados para a elaboração de um modelo geoarqueológico de localização de material arqueológico relacionado aos sítios pré-coloniais. A área de estudo abrangeu os limites da carta topográfica do município de Pindamonhangaba, situado na região do Vale do Paraíba no estado de São Paulo. Para a construção desse modelo, realizamos o mapeamento morfológico de feições que julgamos ser propícias ao assentamento humano, por meio da estereoscopia de fotos aéreas e uso de técnicas de geoprocessamento. Com base na carta topográfica, também se produziu uma carta hipsométrica e perfis topográficos. Após a confecção de um mapa prévio de potencial arqueológico, com destaque para as áreas das grandes depressões, colinas e do terraço fluvial do rio Paraíba do Sul, foram elencados 3 setores para a realização de prospecção arqueológica. A execução das etapas de controle de campo resultou na coleta de um fragmento de cerâmica, encontrado a 3 metros de profundidade, próximo a uma depressão, bem como de alguns fragmentos de quartzo, em relevo escarpado que, após análise em laboratório, foram classificados como duvidosos quanto ao potencial arqueológico. Conclui-se que o emprego da Geoarqueologia no estudo de grupos pré-coloniais do Vale do Paraíba Paulista constituiu-se de uma abordagem eficiente para o entendimento do padrão de assentamento em função da distribuição dos recursos naturais. / In this dissertation, we present the procedures used for the creation of an archaeogeological model employed for the localization of archeological material related to precolonial sites. This study encompassed the city limits of Pindamonhangaba, in the Vale do Paraiba region, located in the state of Sao Paulo. For the purposes of this project, we used morphological mapping we deemed suitable for human settlement, through stereocopy of aerial photographs and geoprocessing techniques. Based on the topographic map, we also produced a hypsometric map and topographic profiles. After the compilation of a previous map with archeological potential, highlighting areas of great depressions, hills and the fluvial terrain of the Paraiba do Sul River, three sectors were selected for the archeological prospection. The field work yielded the discovery of a ceramic fragment, found in a excavation of 3 meters deep into the ground, close to a depression, as well as some quartz fragment. After laboratorial testing, these were found to have no archeological value. It is concluded that employing techniques from Geoarcheology to study precolonial groups in Paraíba Paulista Valley emerges as an efficient approach to the knowledgle of natural resources-oriented settlement patterns.