Geodetic adjustment models are often set up in a way that the model parameters need to fulfil certain constraints. The normalized Lagrange multipliers have been used as a measure of the strength of constraint in such a way that if one of them exceeds in magnitude a certain threshold then the corresponding constraint is likely to be incompatible with the observations and the rest of the constraints. We show that these and similar measures can be deduced as test statistics of a likelihood ratio test of the statistical hypothesis that some constraints are incompatible in the same sense. This has been done before only for special constraints (Teunissen in Optimization and Design of Geodetic Networks, pp. 526–547, 1985). We start from the simplest case, that the full set of constraints is to be tested, and arrive at the advanced case, that each constraint is to be tested individually. Every test is worked out both for a known as well as for an unknown prior variance factor. The corresponding distributions under null and alternative hypotheses are derived. The theory is illustrated by the example of a double levelled line. / Geodätische Ausgleichungsmodelle werden oft auf eine Weise formuliert, bei der die Modellparameter bestimmte Bedingungsgleichungen zu erfüllen haben. Die normierten Lagrange-Multiplikatoren wurden bisher als Maß für den ausgeübten Zwang verwendet, und zwar so, dass wenn einer von ihnen betragsmäßig eine bestimmte Schwelle übersteigt, dann ist davon auszugehen, dass die zugehörige Bedingungsgleichung nicht mit den Beobachtungen und den restlichen Bedingungsgleichungen kompatibel ist. Wir zeigen, dass diese und ähnliche Maße als Teststatistiken eines Likelihood-Quotiententests der statistischen Hypothese, dass einige Bedingungsgleichungen in diesem Sinne inkompatibel sind, abgeleitet werden können. Das wurde bisher nur für spezielle Bedingungsgleichungen getan (Teunissen in Optimization and Design of Geodetic Networks, pp. 526–547, 1985). Wir starten vom einfachsten Fall, dass die gesamte Menge der Bedingungsgleichungen getestet werden muss, und gelangen zu dem fortgeschrittenen Problem, dass jede Bedingungsgleichung individuell zu testen ist. Jeder Test wird sowohl für bekannte, wie auch für unbekannte a priori Varianzfaktoren ausgearbeitet. Die zugehörigen Verteilungen werden sowohl unter der Null- wie auch unter der Alternativhypthese abgeleitet. Die Theorie wird am Beispiel einer Doppelnivellementlinie illustriert.

The aim of this thesis is detailed surveying and processing of certain site for planimetry and elevation. The site is the northern part of the basin of Ostřice stream in the cadastral area Horní Planá. The territory was reconnaissanced and then surveyed in detail by the method of electronic tacheometry. Fixing and stabilization of ancillary geodetic points was the part of detailed surveying. All computing and imaging work was carried out in interactive graphical software KOKEŠ. The evaluation of the heights accuracy made on the basis of the profile test is the part of this thesis. The result of this thesis is the original map at a scale of 1 : 500 corresponding to the state to the end of August 2008 and other required attachments.

Orientador: Diogenes Cortijo Costa / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T01:35:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Agostinho_JulianoCesarPinto_M.pdf: 9468284 bytes, checksum: 1fb890c825cef0933e70359a6c567f70 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Este trabalho visa apresentar procedimentos para o planejamento e implantação de um Sistema de Informações Geográficas - SIG Municipal com ênfase na precisão, exatidão, confiabilidade, segurança e interoperabilidade dos dados e informações geográficas. Foram estudadas as metodologias e técnicas para elaboração de uma Base Cartográfica Cadastral Digital com estrutura topológica ajustada às necessidades do software de SIG, bem como sua vinculação com as entidades do mundo real através da elaboração de uma Rede de Referência Cadastral Municipal. A parte prática deste trabalho foi limitada à área urbana e de expansão urbana de um município de pequeno porte, integrando a coleta, tratamento, armazenamento, recuperação e análise dos dados e informações geográficas através dos métodos e técnicas de mapeamento com topografia convencional, uso do sistema de navegação e posicionamento global por satélite (Global Navigation Satellite System - GNSS) e uso do SIG. No estudo de caso os dados e informações geográficas foram armazenados em um Sistema Gerenciador de Banco de Dados SGBD Objeto-Relacional com extensão espacial, possibilitando a integração destes dados e toda a exploração do potencial deste sistema. Finalmente foram apresentadas discussões e recomendações sobre temas abordados em geotecnologias / Abstract: This paper has the purpose of presenting procedures for planning and implementing a Municipal Geographic Information System (GIS) with an emphasis on the precision, exactness, reliability, safety, and interoperability of the data and geographical information. The methodologies and techniques for elaborating a Digital Cartographic Base with a topological structure adjusted to the needs of the GIS software as well as its link with the entities of the real world by elaborating a Municipal Geodetic Reference Network. The practical part of this work was limited to the urban area and the urban expansion of a small municipality, integrating it into the colIection, handling, storage, recuperation, and analysis of geographical data and information by the mapping methods and techniques with conventional survey, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and GIS. In the case study, the geographical data and information were stored in an Object-Relational Database Management System (DBMS) with spatial extension, making it possible to integrate this data to alI the exploration of this system's potential. Finally, discussions and recommendations were presented about the issues addressed in geotechnologies / Mestrado / Transportes / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

The subject of study of this thesis is the Kerr-Newman-(anti-)de Sitter space- time, a rotating and charged exact black-hole solution of the Einstein-Maxwell equations with a non-zero cosmological constant. In the first part of the thesis we examine admissible extremal configurations, present the corresponding Penrose diagrams, and investigate the effects of frame-dragging. In the second part, we follow the motion of charged particles via the Lagrangian formalism, focusing on the equatorial plane and the axis where we arrived at some analytic results con- cerning the trajectories. Static particles, effective potentials and - in the case of the equatorial plane - stationary circular orbits are examined. We also perform numerical simulations of particle motion to be able to check our analytic results and also to foster our intuition regarding the behaviour of the test particles. The last part concerns quantum tunnelling of particles through the space-time's hori- zons, specifically the null geodesic method. The main goal of these computations is to obtain horizon temperatures, in which we succeed up to a constant multi- plicative factor. We discuss various pitfalls of the method and stake out a possible approach when applying it to the extreme horizons present in KN(a)dS. 1

This diploma thesis deal with analysis of current surveying methods of railway track spatial position of the track section located between Břeclav and Znojmo. At the beginning of the work there is described historical development of railway geodesy in our country and conditions of railway geodetic points field abroad. Further there are mentioned rules for measurement of railway point fields in the Czech Republic. In the following chapter you will find sub-stages of building railway point fields in track section with analysis of accuracy measurement and a proposal of prior accuracy of measurement for computing with the least square method. In the end of the thesis there is described a calculation of parameters spatial track geometry with the suggestion of computing service for uniform way of calculating partial stages of railway geodetic point field.

This thesis deals with renewal of cadastral documentation in cadastral area of Zakřany. The area of interest is only the urban part of village of Zakřany. The documentation of non-urban areas was renewed based on complex land adjustment resulting in a digital cadastral map valid from October 8, 2012. In the urban area the original analog cadastral map in scale 1:2000 is still valid. This map was created based on results of technical-economical mapping in 1969. Parcels still registered in so called simplified register will be removed based on maps of former land cadastre. The result of the master's thesis will be draft of digital cadastral map created in MicroGEOS Nautil program.

The main fokus of this D thesis consists in the creating of horizontal points in Lešná village that is closed to Valašské Meziříčí, part Vysoká. Sixty five points of horizontal control (PPBP) were located and set in Vysoká. The network adjustment was done with the help of the method of lest squares and coordinates were counted with the G-NET/Mini programme.

Subject of this master´s thesis is a station testing of Mobile automated astronomical system No. 1 (MAAS – 1). This system is used for measurement of astronomical coordinates by measurments of the stars. This thesis is focused on impact of some systematic effects, especially effects of inaccurate input geographic coordinates to resulting coordinates.

This diploma thesis describes the procedure of renewal of the cadastre documentation by remaking original maps. Redesigned location is Lomnice u Tišnova, more precisely its urban area. For this area is still valid map in the scale of 1:2880. Digitalization of analogue maps is one of the most important tasks in the cadastre department. On the basis of these facts, this diploma thesis was created in this cadastre territory and the official renewal of these territory maps has been set on the 2015. The external area of the territory is already a digital cadastre map. Renewal of the cadastre documentation was guided by the cadastre documentation renewal guide with the latest changes. The result of this diploma thesis is a project of digital form of the cadastre map, created in MicroGEOS Nautil software.

The master’s thesis deals with renewal of the cadastre documentation by revision of analogue map in the map scale 1:2 880 in cadastral unit Lomnice u Tišnova. The area of interest is built-up area because rural area was revised by complex land consolidation. The analogue map is revised to digital map based on the Instruction for renewal of the cadastre documentation and the conversion as amended. The result of this master’s thesis is a design of the digital form of the cadastral map created in MicroGEOS Nautil and comparison of the parcel area shown on owner's folio with the parcel area determined from the graphical file.