The aim of the thesis was to investigate if geofence instructions communicated via an in-vehicle human-machine interface (HMI) can have a positive impact on driver behavior when interacting with emergency vehicles. A total of n = 64 study participants were tested in a driving simulator on two different use cases without or with applied geofence instructions. The use cases were situated on an off-ramp and at an intersection. The results of the experiment demonstrated a statistically significant effect of the use of geofencing on the correct and timely reactions of drivers prior to the interaction with emergency vehicles. Furthermore, the use of geofencing indicated a potential to decrease collision risks and driving time of emergency vehicles. Although the HMI design needs to be improved for real-world geofence application, the study participants were positive about receiving the geofence instructions when interacting with emergency vehicles in their own vehicles in the future. / <p>Examensarbetet är utfört vid Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap (ITN) vid Tekniska fakulteten, Linköpings universitet</p>

Människan har genom tiderna använt sig av många hjälpmedel för navigering, från attfölja stjärnorna till dagens användning av “Global Positioning System” (GPS).Föreliggande studie inriktar sig på kontextmedvetna ljudvandringar, exempelvis i formav en guidad tur genom en stad där rösten i ljudklippet berättar om sevärdheter ianvändarens närhet. Att spela upp ett enda sammanhängande ljudklipp för en helljudvandring ger utrymme för komplikationer. Ett problem som kan uppstå är attanvändaren går för fort eller för långsamt genom sträckan, resulterande i attanvändarens position inte överensstämmer med det ljudspåret berättar om. Med syfteatt skapa en kontextmedveten ljudvandring presenterar studien förslag på enapplikation som erbjuder en lösning på förevarande problem. Applikationen utveckladesi Android studio och tillämpar GPS-koordinater samt geofencing-teknik för att lokaliseraanvändarens position. Varje geofenceområde har storleken 50x40 meter och konstruerassom en vandring. Områdena tilldelas ett specifikt ljudklipp som spelas upp näranvändaren befinner sig inom området. För att evaluera vår applikation utfördesanvändartester på en testvandring som placerades utanför Malmö universitet.Resultaten av användartesterna visar att deltagarna upplevde att ljudet stämde överensmed den plats de befann sig på. / The humankind has used many tools to navigate, from following stars to using theGlobal Positioning System (GPS). This study focuses on context-aware soundwalks, e.g.it could be a guided tour through a city where the voice in the audio describes touristattractions in the user’s surroundings. Complications can arise when playing onecontinuous sound clip through an entire soundwalk. For instance, if the user is walkingthe distance too fast or too slow, resulting in the user’s position not corresponding withthe content in the audio track. In this paper we introduce an application that serves as asolution to the problems that may arise when creating context-aware soundwalks. Theapplication was developed in Android studio and uses GPS coordinates and geofencingtechnology to determinate the user’s location. Each geofence was given the size of 50x40meters and together they form a soundwalk. The geofences were also assigned a specificaudio clip that started playing when the user entered the geofence. To evaluate ourapplication user tests were designed. The tests were conducted on a soundwalk locatedoutside of Malmö University. Based on the results of our user tests the participantsfound that the sound was consistent with the place they were located.

How do companies, municipalities and authorities protect people from terroist attacks where large vehicles are involved? Considering to the last years terrorist attacks this is something that becomes increasingly relevant to consider. This study investigates how companies, municipalities and authorities solve these problems today, how much they know and apply blockchain and geofence and if there is a need to implement a geoblockchainsystem in the future to reduce the risk of these types of terrorist attacks. To find that out interviews have been conducted with participants all the way from truck manufacturers and carrier companies to municipalities, authorities and IT companies. The interview where constructed in a nonstandard way with the aim of developing more about what they themselves had for ideas about the subject. A survey with answer options was also sent out to obtain information from a larger number of participants. The result of the investigation indicates both the interest and the need of a geoblockchain system to reduce the risk of terrorist attacks of the specified kind (the investigation also indicates a general interest in the geoblockchain technology). The idea is to delineate areas using a geofence system and create a very secure information storage by connect the geofence system with blockchain. The blockchain system decentralizes the information, all transactions made must be approved by a several number of units to be performed, every transaction can always be tracked and nothing can ever be deleted or modified without making a new transaction. It was a very few of the participants that already use blockchain or geoblockchain, it was more common for informants to use geofencing, but that was also relatively unusual. / Hur gör företag, kommuner och myndigheter för att skydda människor från terroristattacker där stora fordon är inblandade? Med tanke på de senare årens terroristattacker är detta något som blir allt mer relevant att ta hänsyn till. I denna studie undersöks hur företag, kommuner och myndigheter idag löser dessa problem, hur mycket de känner till och tillämpar blockchain och geofence och om det finns behov att i framtiden implementera ett geoblockchainsystem för att minska risken för ovanstående typ av terrorbrott. För att ta reda på detta har intervjuer genomförts med alltifrån lastbilstillverkare och transportörer till kommuner, myndigheter och IT-företag. Intervjuerna utformades på ett icke standardiserat sätt med syfte att få fram mer kring vad de själva hade för idéer. Även en enkät med svarsalternativ skickades ut kring ämnet för att få in information från ett större antal informanter. Resultatet av undersökningen tyder på både intresse och behov av ett geoblockchainsystem för att minska risken för terrorbrott av detta slag (undersökningen tyder även på ett generellt intresse för denna nya teknik). Tanken är att kunna avskärma områden med hjälp av ett geofencesystem och för att skapa ett lagringsystem med väldigt hög säkerhet koppla samman detta med blockchain. Blockchain decentraliserar informationen, alla transaktioner som görs måste godkännas av flertalet enheter för att gå igenom, det går alltid att spåra transaktionerna och ingenting går att ta bort eller modifiera utan att göra en ny transaktion. Väldigt få av de tillfrågade använder idag blockchain och/eller geoblockchain, det var lite vanligare att informanterna använde sig av geofencing, men även det relativt ovanligt.

Air corridors are an integral part of the advanced air mobility infrastructure. They are the virtual highways in the sky for transportation of people and cargo in the controlled airspace at an altitude of around 1000 ft. to 2000 ft. above the ground level. This paper presents fundamental insights into the design of air corridors with high operational efficiency as well as zero collisions. It begins with the definitions of air cube, skylane or track, intersection, vertiport, gate, and air corridor. Then, a multi-layered air corridor model is proposed. Traffic at intersections is analyzed in detail with examples of vehicles turning in different directions. The concept of capacity of an air corridor is introduced along with the nature of distribution of locations of vehicles in the air corridor and collision probability inside the corridor are discussed. Finally, the results of simulations of traffic flows are presented.

Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-04-01T18:46:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo Remor Oliveira.pdf: 1506777 bytes, checksum: 76d619ec9477e0e9b6a1122304ecb94b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-01T18:46:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo Remor Oliveira.pdf: 1506777 bytes, checksum: 76d619ec9477e0e9b6a1122304ecb94b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-01-31 / Sawluz Informática / O transporte de carregamentos representa a maior parcela dos custos logísticos na maioria das empresas. Sendo assim, muitas delas estão investindo em sistemas de monitoramento e rastreamento com o objetivo de melhorar os serviços, reduzir perdas e garantir maior segurança no transporte de carregamentos. Esta dissertação apresenta o SafeTrack, um modelo para rastreamento e monitoramento logístico focado em fornecer segurança durante a distribuição de carregamentos, a fim de identificar em tempo real possíveis roubos de veículos e de cargas transportadas. Através do SafeTrack, empresas de transporte podem rastrear e obter informações em tempo real sobre seus carregamentos. O SafeTrack apresenta um gerenciamento de viagens automático para inicializar e finalizar viagens sem necessitar a interação do usuário. Além disso, fornece um mecanismo para monitorar a ocorrência de desvios de rotas planejadas e erros durante entregas e coletas de carregamentos, enviando notificações de alarmes aos responsáveis através de dispositivos móveis. Para construir esse mecanismo, foram estudados conceitos de cerca eletrônica e técnicas existentes para preparar duas soluções que possibilitam descobrir, continuamente, a ocorrência de desvios em rotas planejadas. As soluções propostas foram comparadas e discutidas. Um componente denominado SafeDuíno foi desenvolvido visando realizar o controle de entradas e saídas de carregamentos no veículo. A decisão sobre a ocorrência de inconsistências durante o fluxo logístico é realizada através da fusão de informações de contextos, obtidas através do SafeDuíno e de um dispositivo móvel. As informações utilizadas são: evento de entrada/saída do carregamento, data e horário da ocorrência, código do carregamento e coordenadas GPS no momento do evento. Uma avaliação funcional também foi realizada, na qual um cenário de teste foi executado vinte vezes, mostrando que o modelo proposto possui uma boa taxa de eficiência. Além disso, foi realizada uma análise de impacto sobre a precisão GPS e consumo de energia nos dispositivos móveis utilizados. Após os testes, o modelo proposto demonstrou ser estável e confiável para realizar o monitoramento de carregamentos. / The cargo transport represents the largest share of logistics costs in most companies. Thus, companies are investing in monitoring and tracking systems aiming at improving services, reducing costs and ensuring the safety in cargos transports. This dissertation presents the SafeTrack, a model for logistics tracking and monitoring focused on safety during the distribution of cargo. The proposed model identify in real time possible thefts of carrier vehicles and cargo carried. Furthermore, it allows transport companies to track and to get realtime information about carrier vehicles and cargo. The SafeTrack presents an automatic travel management to initialize and finalize travels without requiring user interaction. Furthermore, it provides a mechanism to monitor detours in planned routes and to send alarms notification through mobile devices. To build that mechanism were studied Geofence concept and existing techniques to prepare two solutions that enable discover continuously the occurrence of deviations of planned routes. Those solutions were compared and discussed. A component named SafeDuíno was developed to make the control of inputs and outputs of cargo on the vehicle. The decision on the occurrence of inconsistencies during the logistic flow is performed through the fusion of contexts information obtained from SafeDuíno and a mobile device. The information used are: event of input / output load, date and time of the occurrence, EPC code of load and GPS coordinates at the time of the event. A functional evaluation was also performed, in which a test scene was executed twenty times, showing that the proposed model has a good efficiency rate. In addition, we provide an impact analysis regarding GPS precision and battery power consumption. After the tests, we concluded that the proposed model generates a reliable system for tracking vehicles.