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371	オブジェクト指向GISによる地盤DBと微動記録の融合に基づく名古屋地盤構造の解明福和, 伸夫, 今岡, 克也, 石田, 栄介, 森, 保宏, 飛田, 潤, 西阪, 理永 03 1900 (has links) 科学研究費補助金研究種目:基盤研究(B)(2) 課題番号:08455251 研究代表者:福和伸夫研究期間:1996-1998年度 Digital National Land Information Engineering Bedrock GIS Geographical Information System H Predominant Period Seismic Bedrock Soil Amplification Soil Data V Spectrum Vスペクトルオブジェクト指向卓越振動数名古屋国土数値情報地理情報システム地盤デ-タベ-ス地盤周期地盤増幅特性地盤構造地盤資料地震基盤工学基盤微動記録
372	The spatial distribution of HIV and AIDS in Gauteng, South Africa Ezike-Dennis, Uchechukwu Nneka 31 December 2007 (has links) Since the earliest reported cases of HIV/AIDS probably in 1959 in Africa, there has been a consistent progression in the new HIV/AIDS infection cases. In South Africa, Gauteng, records one of the highest HIV/AIDS prevalence rates in the country. The Department of Health (DOH) South Africa conducts ongoing studies on HIV/AIDS at provincial levels; these studies monitor the prevalence of HIV/AIDS amongst pregnant women attending antenatal clinics, as a tool for determining and monitoring the prevalence, trends, patterns and spread of the disease in the general population. This study analyses sentinel and spatial data collected from the (DOH) and Statistics South Africa (StatsSA) respectively, and depicts them in the form of spatial maps, and then critically analyses the spatial patterns that occur. The research findings would hopefully contribute to the overall knowledge of HIV/AIDS and provide framework and relevant literature for further investigation. / Geography / M.Sc. (Geography) Spatial mapping Spatial environment Socio-economy Sentinel Survey Population distribution HIV prevalence HIV incidence Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Geographical Information System (GIS) Epidemiology Endemicity Endemic At Risk Sexual Behaviour 362.19697920096822 HIV (Viruses) -- South Africa -- Gauteng Spatial analysis (Statistics)
373	The spatial distribution of HIV and AIDS in Gauteng, South Africa Ezike-Dennis, Uchechukwu Nneka 31 December 2007 (has links) Since the earliest reported cases of HIV/AIDS probably in 1959 in Africa, there has been a consistent progression in the new HIV/AIDS infection cases. In South Africa, Gauteng, records one of the highest HIV/AIDS prevalence rates in the country. The Department of Health (DOH) South Africa conducts ongoing studies on HIV/AIDS at provincial levels; these studies monitor the prevalence of HIV/AIDS amongst pregnant women attending antenatal clinics, as a tool for determining and monitoring the prevalence, trends, patterns and spread of the disease in the general population. This study analyses sentinel and spatial data collected from the (DOH) and Statistics South Africa (StatsSA) respectively, and depicts them in the form of spatial maps, and then critically analyses the spatial patterns that occur. The research findings would hopefully contribute to the overall knowledge of HIV/AIDS and provide framework and relevant literature for further investigation. / Geography / M.Sc. (Geography) Spatial mapping Spatial environment Socio-economy Sentinel Survey Population distribution HIV prevalence HIV incidence Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Geographical Information System (GIS) Epidemiology Endemicity Endemic At Risk Sexual Behaviour 362.19697920096822 HIV (Viruses) -- South Africa -- Gauteng Spatial analysis (Statistics)
374	Spatial technology as a tool to analyse and combat crime Eloff, Corné 30 November 2006 (has links) This study explores the utilisation of spatial technologies as a tool to analyse and combat crime. The study deals specifically with remote sensing and its potential for being integrated with geographical information systems (GIS). The integrated spatial approach resulted in the understanding of land use class behaviour over time and its relationship to specific crime incidents per police precinct area. The incorporation of spatial technologies to test criminological theories in practice, such as the ecological theories of criminology, provides the science with strategic value. It proves the value of combining multi-disciplinary scientific fields to create a more advanced platform to understand land use behaviour and its relationship to crime. Crime in South Africa is a serious concern and it impacts negatively on so many lives. The fear of crime, the loss of life, the socio-economic impact of crime, etc. create the impression that the battle against crime has been lost. The limited knowledge base within the law enforcement agencies, limited logistical resources and low retention rate of critical staff all contribute to making the reduction of crime more difficult to achieve. A practical procedure of using remote sensing technology integrated with geographical information systems (GIS), overlaid with geo-coded crime data to provide a spatial technological basis to analyse and combat crime, is illustrated by a practical study of the Tshwane municipality area. The methodology applied in this study required multi-skilled resources incorporating GIS and the understanding of crime to integrate the diverse scientific fields into a consolidated process that can contribute to the combating of crime in general. The existence of informal settlement areas in South Africa stresses the socio-economic problems that need to be addressed as there is a clear correlation of land use data with serious crime incidents in these areas. The fact that no formal cadastre exists for these areas, combined with a great diversity in densification and growth of the periphery, makes analysis very difficult without remote sensing imagery. Revisits over time to assess changes in these areas in order to adapt policing strategies will create an improved information layer for responding to crime. Final computerised maps generated from remote sensing and GIS layers are not the only information that can be used to prevent and combat crime. An important recipe for ultimately successfully managing and controlling crime in South Africa is to strategically combine training of the law enforcement agencies in the use of spatial information with police science. The researcher concludes with the hope that this study will contribute to the improved utilisation of spatial technology to analyse and combat crime in South Africa. The ultimate vision is the expansion of the science of criminology by adding an advanced spatial technology module to its curriculum. / Criminology / D.Litt. et Phil. (Criminology) Spatial technology Remote sensing applications Remote Sensing Rape Orbital science Micro analysis Mapping Macro analysis Low density residential Land use classification Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) Object Orientated Image Analysis Murder Informal Settlements Hyperspectral House Burglaries High density residential Geographical Information Systems Electromagnetic energy Ecological theory Earth Observation Satellites Border control and monitoring Car-hijacking Crime analysis Crime combating Crime hot spots Crime incidents Criminological theories Criminology 363.2560285 Remote sensing -- South Africa Crime analysis -- South Africa Digital mapping Crime prevention -- South Africa Internal security -- South Africa.
375	Flora alòctona de les Illes Balears. Ecología de dos especies invasoras: Carpobrotus edules y Carpobrotus aff. acinaciformis Moragues Botey, Eva 24 March 2006 (has links) La llegada de plantas exóticas fuera de su rango de distribución original y su posterior asentamiento en ecosistemas naturales no es una excepción en las Islas Baleares. En la actualidad tenemos 308 especies no nativas naturalizadas y subespontáneas que representan el 16% del total de la flora Balear. En esta tesis se ha evaluado el estado de la cuestión a nivel global y local. Se ha confeccionado el primer catálogo de flora introducida y se ha analizado cuales de ellas son más abundantes y peligrosas; así como también qué ecosistemas son más vulnerables a la introducción de éstas. También se ha profundizado en el conocimiento de dos de las especies exóticas más peligrosas en el litoral Balear: Carpobrotus edulis y C. affine acinaciformis. Se ha evaluado su influencia sobre la polinización, su tasa de crecimiento bajo diferentes escenarios ambientales, se ha confeccionado un modelo de crecimiento y se ha evaluado su impacto sobre la composición y estructura de las comunidades nativas. / L'arribada de plantes exòtiques fora del seu rang de distribució original i el seu posterior assentament a ecosistemes naturals no és una excepció a les Illes Balears. A l'actualitat tenim 308 espècies no natives naturalitzades i subespontànies que representen el 16% del total de la flora Balear. En aquesta tesi s'ha avaluat l'estat de la qüestió a nivell global i local. S'ha confeccionat el primer catàleg de flora introduïda i s'han analitzat quines d'elles són més abundants i perilloses; així com també quins ecosistemes són més vulnerables a la introducció d'aquestes. També s'ha profunditzat en el coneixement de dues de les espècies exòtiques més perilloses del litoral Balear: Carpobrotus edulis y C. affine acinaciformis. S'ha avaluat la seva influència damunt els vectors de pol·linització, la taxa de creixement a diferents escenaris ambiental, s'ha confeccionat un model de creixement, i s'ha avaluat el seu impacte damunt la composició i estructura de les comunitats natives. / The constant arrival of exotic plants into areas outside their original distribution range and further settlement in natural ecosystems is not an exception in the Spanish Balearic archipelago. At the moment we have 308 non native species (naturalized and casual), the 16% from the total Balearic flora. This thesis has evaluated the exotic plant problematic at global and local level. We have elaborated the first exotic plants list, its distribution and abundance, as well as its degree of impact on the more vulnerable environments. We went deeply into the knowledge of two very invasive plants along the coast of the Balearic islands: Carpobrotus edulis y C. affine acinaciformis. We have evaluated its influence over pollen transmission, its growth rate at different environmental conditions, we have too elaborated a non liner growth model and its impact on composition and structure in natural communities cartography biogeography photochemical efficiency invasion patterns clonal growth pollination invasive naturalized species exotic plants alien species flora Inglés Mediterrània Illes Balears Mallorca Oxalis pes-caprae Ailanthus altíssima Carpobrotus edulis Carpobrotus affine acinaciformis sistema de informació geogràfica model no lineal cartografia biogeografia eficiència fotoquímica pautes d'invasió creixement clonal polinització catàleg naturalitzada al·lòctona invasora exòtica plantes Flora Català Mediterráneo Islas Baleares Mallorca Oxalis pes-caprae Ailanthus altíssima Carpobrotus edulis Carpobrotus affine acinaciformis modelo no lineal sistema de información geográfica cartografía biogeografía eficiencia fotoquímica pautas de invasión crecimiento clonal polinización catálogo naturalizada invasora alóctona exótica plantas Flora Castellano geographical information system non-linear model Carpobrotus affine acinaciformis Carpobrotus edulis Ailanthus altíssima Oxalis pes-caprae Mallorca Balearic islands Mediterranean Basin Botànica 57 574
376	Spatial technology as a tool to analyse and combat crime Eloff, Corné 30 November 2006 (has links) This study explores the utilisation of spatial technologies as a tool to analyse and combat crime. The study deals specifically with remote sensing and its potential for being integrated with geographical information systems (GIS). The integrated spatial approach resulted in the understanding of land use class behaviour over time and its relationship to specific crime incidents per police precinct area. The incorporation of spatial technologies to test criminological theories in practice, such as the ecological theories of criminology, provides the science with strategic value. It proves the value of combining multi-disciplinary scientific fields to create a more advanced platform to understand land use behaviour and its relationship to crime. Crime in South Africa is a serious concern and it impacts negatively on so many lives. The fear of crime, the loss of life, the socio-economic impact of crime, etc. create the impression that the battle against crime has been lost. The limited knowledge base within the law enforcement agencies, limited logistical resources and low retention rate of critical staff all contribute to making the reduction of crime more difficult to achieve. A practical procedure of using remote sensing technology integrated with geographical information systems (GIS), overlaid with geo-coded crime data to provide a spatial technological basis to analyse and combat crime, is illustrated by a practical study of the Tshwane municipality area. The methodology applied in this study required multi-skilled resources incorporating GIS and the understanding of crime to integrate the diverse scientific fields into a consolidated process that can contribute to the combating of crime in general. The existence of informal settlement areas in South Africa stresses the socio-economic problems that need to be addressed as there is a clear correlation of land use data with serious crime incidents in these areas. The fact that no formal cadastre exists for these areas, combined with a great diversity in densification and growth of the periphery, makes analysis very difficult without remote sensing imagery. Revisits over time to assess changes in these areas in order to adapt policing strategies will create an improved information layer for responding to crime. Final computerised maps generated from remote sensing and GIS layers are not the only information that can be used to prevent and combat crime. An important recipe for ultimately successfully managing and controlling crime in South Africa is to strategically combine training of the law enforcement agencies in the use of spatial information with police science. The researcher concludes with the hope that this study will contribute to the improved utilisation of spatial technology to analyse and combat crime in South Africa. The ultimate vision is the expansion of the science of criminology by adding an advanced spatial technology module to its curriculum. / Criminology and Security Science / D.Litt. et Phil. (Criminology) Spatial technology Remote sensing applications Remote Sensing Rape Orbital science Micro analysis Mapping Macro analysis Low density residential Land use classification Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) Object Orientated Image Analysis Murder Informal Settlements Hyperspectral House Burglaries High density residential Geographical Information Systems Electromagnetic energy Ecological theory Earth Observation Satellites Border control and monitoring Car-hijacking Crime analysis Crime combating Crime hot spots Crime incidents Criminological theories Criminology 363.2560285 Remote sensing -- South Africa Crime analysis -- South Africa Digital mapping Crime prevention -- South Africa Internal security -- South Africa.

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