Cette thèse met en lumière deux points d'intérêt: l'Enseignement de la Géographie(EG) dans le cadre de l'Enseignement Fondamental et Moyen (EFM), et de même la formation d'enseignants de Géographie. Il s'agit ,dans cette thèse, d'apprendre comment le renouveau concernant la géographie, celle-ci nommée génériquement Géographie Critique (GC), a abouti au EFM. Les objectifs principaux de cette thèse ont été de rechercher comment le bouillonement et le renouveau de la Géographie, après 1978, sont-ils arrivés dans l'EG de l'EFM, et aussi quel est l'ap-port du mouvement GC dans le renouveau de l'EG et encore quelles sont les conceptions d’Education et de Géographie que les licenciés construisent pour et avec leurs apprenants au EFM. Pour atteindre ces objectifs, nous avons observé dix licenciés en Géographie, au cours des années 2002 et 2003, qui enseignaient dans l'EFM, des effectifs de treize écoles différentes, en trois journées distinctes de travail : matin, après-midi et soir. Nous avons complété 154 observations sur place, en totalisant 212 heures/classe. Nous avons constaté la grande difficulté dans la rénovation des pratiques pédagogiques, ainsi que dans la construction d'un bon support théorique qui puisse promouvoir un enseignement de la Géographie plus actuel, dynamique, pluriel, instigant, refléxif et radicalement démocratique. Ce travail n'a pas eu la pretention d'être prescriptible de « bien enseigner la Géographie », mais il a proposé servir de pretexte pour que la communauté de professeurs discutent et se posent des questions sur leurs référenciels de la Science, de l'Education et de la Géographie, pour fomenter la recherche d'un enseignement qui contribue au renforcement de l'autonomie intelectuelle de l'apprenant et aussi à la construction de la notion de citoyenneté qui établit la priorité de la lutte collective pour la démocracie, pour la liberté et pour la justice sociale à travers l'appropriation et la réflexion sur l'espace géographique et ses catégories d'analyse. Enfin, une Géographie qui pense á l'ontologie de l'être humain à partir de l'espace vécu. / Esta tese apresenta dois focos principais de interesse: o ensino de Geografia no Ensino Fundamental e Médio (EFM) e a formação de professores de Geografia. Nos interessamos, particularmente, em saber como o movimento de renovação da Geografia, genericamente denominado Geografia Crítica (GC), chegou ao EFM. Os objetivos principais desta tese foram averiguar como a efervescência e renovação da Geografia Acadêmica pós-1978 chegaram ao ensino de Geografia do EFM, qual a contribuição do movimento denominado GC na renovação do ensino desta disciplina e quais as concepções de Educação e de Geografia que os licenciados estão construindo com e para seus alunos do EFM. Para alcançar estes objetivos observamos dez licenciados em Geografia, nos anos de 2002 e 2003, que lecionavam no EFM, em treze escolas distintas nos turnos da manhã, tarde e da noite, na cidade de Porto Alegre, estado do Rio Grande do Sul, perfazendo um total de 154 (cento e cinqüenta e quatro) observações que totalizaram 212 (duzentas e doze) horas/aula. Constatamos a dificuldade de se renovar as práticas pedagógicas, bem como de se construir um bom embasamento teórico que promova um ensino de Geografia atual, dinâmico, plural, instigante, reflexivo e radicalmente democrático. Este trabalho não teve a pretensão de ser prescritivo do "bem ensinar Geografia", mas desejou servir de pretexto para que a comunidade de professores discuta e questione os seus referenciais de ciência, de Educação e de Geografia. para fomentar a busca de um ensino que auxilie o fortalecimento da autonomia intelectual do educando e a construção de uma noção de cidadania que priorize a luta coletiva pela democracia, pela liberdade e pela justiça social através da apropriação e da reflexão sobre o espaço geográfico e suas categorias de análise. Enfim, uma Geografia que pense a ontologia do ser humano a partir do espaço vivido. / This thesis has two main focuses: Geography teaching at primary and secondary schools and training of Geography teachers. Particularly, we are interested in how the movement of renewal of Geography - generally called Critical Geography - has arrived to primary and secondary teaching. The main targets of the thesis were to verify how the effervescence and renewal of post-1978 Academic Geography arrived to geography teaching at primary and secondary schools; the contribution of the so-called critical Geography movement to the renewal of that teaching; and the Education and Geography conceptions that geography teaching graduates are building with and for their students at the primary and secondary teaching. In order to reach those goals, we have observed ten such Geography graduates in 2002 and 2003. They taught at 13 distinct primary and secondary schools at morning, afternoon and evening classes in the city of Porto Alegre, in the southern Brazilian State of Rio Grande do Sul, totaling 154 observation sessions and 212 class-hours. We identified the difficulty to renew pedagogical practices as well as to build a good theoretical basis able to promote Geography teaching that is updated, dynamic, plural, encouraging, reflexive, and radically democratic. This work did not intend to prescribe "good Geography teaching". It rather wanted to serve as a pretext for the teacher community to discuss and question its references about science, Education, and Geography, in order to foster the search for teaching that helps to strengthen the intellectual autonomy of the student and the construction of a notion of citizenship that focuses on collective struggle for democracy, freedom and social justice through appropriation and reflection over the geographic space and its analytical categories. That is, geography that thinks human being's ontology based on the lived space.

[pt] Partindo da hipótese teórica de que a construção de identidades docentes se dá essencialmente na mediação das dimensões que cercam os saberes e o fazer docente, e no intuito de compreender melhor algumas das miudezas do processo de formação de professores, a pesquisa de doutoramento, que resulta no presente texto, teve como objetivo investigar como são interiorizados os significados e os sentidos que constituem a produção de identidades docentes na particularidade do curso de Geografia da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, campus Maracanã. Nos cotidianos de formação de professores, tem-se a faceta criativa de identidades docentes diversas, que envolvem a apreensão de valores, significados e visões de mundo. Para melhor compreender essas particularidades, realizou-se um resgate de dois conceitos que serviram de base para a pesquisa: paisagens de licenciatura e epistemologia da prática profissional dos professores. Em aproximação com o método cotidianista, a pesquisa possibilitou experimentar o ambiente de formação de professores também como um laboratório de pesquisa e, a partir de conversas informais e entrevistas semiestruturadas com parte do corpo discente, conclui-se que, ao longo da formação para o magistério, os sentidos e significados da docência são desenvolvidos na construção do habitus, da práxis e do ethos docente em espaçostempos onde são negociadas dimensões que cercam a produção de identidades docentes. Esses espaçostempos são entendidos como paisagens de licenciatura, uma vez que mediam sentidos da cultura e da identidade docente durante a graduação em Geografia, momento de produção e absorção dos saberes e do fazer docente, na perspectiva da epistemologia da prática profissional dos professores. A cultura docente é composta por valores e crenças compartilhadas, mas que são assimiladas individualmente, e desempenham um papel fundamental na maneira como os professores se percebem. Como foi verificado na investigação com alguns discentes, é uma dimensão da profissionalidade docente fundamentalmente produzida na formação inicial. Os currículos das modalidades Licenciatura e Bacharelado, o Estágio Supervisionado obrigatório, o Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência e o Programa Residência Pedagógica foram as paisagens de licenciatura investigadas durante a pesquisa e percebidas pelos discentes como espaçostempos de construção de suas identidades. Nesses espaçostempos, a apreensão do habitus docente sugere a assimilação de atitudes e posturas que constituem o fazer docente. A práxis docente é incorporada na tomada de consciência sobre a importância da relação entre teoria e prática, entre os saberes docentes e o fazer docente. Já o ethos docente é desenvolvido na formação inicial, por meio da construção de personalidade comportamental, moral e afetiva. / [en] Starting from the theoretical hypothesis that the construction of teaching identities takes place essentially in the mediation of the dimensions that surround knowledge and teaching practice, and with the aim of better understanding some of the intricacies of the teacher training process, doctoral research, which results In this text, the objective was to investigate the means by which meanings and meanings that constitute the production of teaching identities are internalized in the particularity of the Geography course at the State University of Rio de Janeiro, Maracanã campus. In the daily routine of teacher training there is the creative facet of different teaching identities, which involves the apprehension of values, meanings and worldviews. To better understand this particularity, two concepts were recovered that served as the basis for the research: teaching landscapes and the epistemology of teachers professional practice. In approximation with the everyday method, the research made it possible to experience the teacher training environment also as a research laboratory, and based on informal conversations and semi-structured interviews with part of the student body, it is concluded that, throughout the training for the teaching, the senses and meanings of teaching are developed in the construction of habitus, praxis and teaching ethos in spaces-times where dimensions surrounding the production of teaching identities are negotiated. These spaces-times are understood as undergraduate landscapes, since they mediate meanings of culture and teaching identity during the Geography degree, a moment of production and absorption of knowledge and teaching practice, from the perspective of the epistemology of teachers professional practice. Teaching culture is made up of shared values and beliefs, which are assimilated individually, and play a fundamental role in the way teachers perceive themselves. As verified in the investigation with part of the student body, it is a dimension of teaching professionalism fundamentally produced in initial training. The curricula of the Degree and Bachelor s degrees, the mandatory Supervised Internship, the Institutional Teaching Initiation Scholarship Program and the Pedagogical Residency Program were the degree landscapes investigated during the research and perceived by the students as spaces-time for the construction of teaching identities. In these spaces-times, the apprehension of the teaching habitus suggests the assimilation of attitudes and postures that constitute teaching. Teaching praxis is assimilated in the awareness of the importance of the relationship between theory and practice, between teaching knowledge and teaching practice. The teaching ethos is developed in initial training through the construction of a behavioral, moral and affective personality.

Thesis (MEd (Curriculum Studies))--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / The numerous changes to the South African education system since January 1998 have had far reaching effects on schools and the training of educators (Government Gazette, 31 May 2002:13). Changes in subject content have occurred in various subjects, and the General Science (now Natural Science) syllabus is no exception. The General Science syllabus previously catered mainly for Chemistry, Physics and Biology, but the Curriculum 2005 (C2005) Natural Science syllabus includes subject matter on Physical Geography (Climatology, Astronomy, and Geomorphology) (Department of Education, 2002b:6). The problem with this is that educators that previously taught General Science are not necessarily qualified to present the Physical Geography component of the new syllabus. This study investigates the impact of the changes in the new curriculum. The review of existing literature on curriculum development in Natural Science education in South Africa emphasises key changes made in the development and implementation of C2005 and the Revised National Curriculum Statement (RNCS). It also explores the characteristic features of misconceptions, before considering specific misconceptions in Natural Sciences. The first part of the two-tiered empirical investigation is based on the results of questionnaires and interviews completed by different groups of Natural Sciences educators. The questionnaires, which drew in part on existing questionnaires used in similar studies, were based on information used for the literature review. The second part of the empirical investigation consisted of interviews conducted with Natural Sciences Departmental Heads at randomly selected schools. An attempt was made to determine how these senior educators experienced the implementation of C2005 and RNCS and what their attitude to the new curriculum were. The data obtained from the questionnaires and the subsequent interviews were categorised, interpreted and coded for statistical processing.