An optimal wing shape is necessary for the survival of winged insects since it enables different survival strategies and is expected to vary between environments due to different selection pressures. However, few studies have explored wing shape variation across the whole range of a species.  In this study, geographic variation in wing shape in male Lestes sponsa was examined from 14 localities along a latitudinal gradient in Europe. The wings were analyzed using a comparative geometric morphometric approach, where the different shapes were digitized, statistically analyzed, and visualized on thin spline deformation grids. The results showed significant differences in wing shape in both the fore- and hindwings between locations. Wings at some localities showed a slender appearance with a narrow tip, and wings from other localities showed a broader appearance with a convex tip. A significant trend in wing shape was found from the central populations to the northern one. However, no continuous trend in wing shape was found across the latitudinal range suggesting that local abiotic or biotic factors might drive the difference observed.

Submitted by (ana.araujo@ufrpe.br) on 2016-07-06T19:02:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Jose de Melo Lima Filho.pdf: 1580839 bytes, checksum: 922a898621f152e5c160d41a8f459629 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-06T19:02:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jose de Melo Lima Filho.pdf: 1580839 bytes, checksum: 922a898621f152e5c160d41a8f459629 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-02-23 / Species of the Carangidae family are important components of fish fauna during all phases of the life span. Both Selene spixii (full moon fish) Spix and Agassiz (1831) and Selene Vomer (Atlantic look down) Linnaeus (1758) range in the Western Atlantic Ocean from New Scotia (Canada) to South America including the Gulf of Mexico. They are found in coastal shallow waters, either on hard or sandy bottoms. They usually establish schoals, but are also observed in small groups or pairs. They feed on small crustaceans, shrimps, fish and worms. Their flesh tastes good; these species are trade fresh. They can also be reared, they are highly prized in sport fishing. Both species are very similar in early phases of their life cycle, which renders the identification at the species level quite difficult. The aim of the present study was to carry out analyses of the pattern of morphological differentiation between the above mentioned species of Selene genre, using as method 1, techniques of multivariate analysis of the 16 distances between landmarks, defined in the truss net; and as method 2, the relative warps analysis (thin plate spline function) on the coordinates of 9 landmarks. Morphometric data were obtained from scanner digitalized images and the coordinates of the landmarks by using tpsdigw program, the distances were obtained from a program developed in language C and the relative warps analysis from tpsRelw program. Similarities were discriminated between the studied species using both Principal Components Analysis, Canonic as well as Discriminant Analyses based on morphometric features. The landmarks usedwere: 1. tip of the nose, 2. base of pelvic fin, 3. beginning of the first dorsal fin, 4. beginning of anal fin, 5. beginning of the second dorsal fin, 6. end of anal fin, 7.end of the second dorsal fin, 8. beginning of lower caudal fin, 9. beginning of upper caudal fin. According to method 1, measures D 1-3 and D 3-4 were the most important whereas for method 2, among shape variations, the one which contributes the most was the component x. / Os Carangidae são importantes componentes da ictiofauna em todas as fases da vida e as espécies Selene spixii (Lua-do-Caribe) Spix e Agassiz (1831) e Selene vomer (galo–de-penacho) Linnaeus (1758) estão distribuídas pelo Atlântico Oeste de Nova Escócia (Canadá) ao longo das costas do Golfo do México até a América do Sul. Esses peixes são encontrados em águas rasas costeiras, sobre fundos duros ou arenosos. Vivem em cardumes, mas também podem ser observados em pequenos grupos ou em pares. Alimentam-se de pequenos caranguejos, camarões, peixes e poliquetas. Sua carne apresenta um sabor excelente, sendo comercializado fresco. Estes peixes podem ser cultivados em aquários, são valorizados na pesca esportiva, e ambas espécies apresentam grande semelhança na fase jovem o que dificulta a identificação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar os padrões de diferenciação morfológicos entre as espécies do gênero Selene, utilizando como método 1, técnicas de análise multivariada das 16 distâncias entre marcos anatômicos, definidas na rede de treliças; e como método 2, a análise de deformações relativas (função thin plate spline) sobre as coordenadas de 9 marcos anatômicos. Os dados morfométricos foram obtidos em imagens digitalizadas por scanner, as coordenadas dos marcos anatômicos pelo programa tpsDig, as distâncias obtidas por programa desenvolvido em linguagem C e a análise de deformações relativas através do programa tpsRelw. Pretendeu-se discriminar similaridades entre as duas espécies por meio de Componentes Principais, Análise de Variáveis Canônicas e Análise Discriminante com base em características morfométricas. Foram utilizados os seguintes marcos anatômicos: 1. ponta do focinho; 2. base da nadadeira ventral (pélvica); 3. início da primeira nadadeira dorsal; 4. início da nadadeira anal; 5. início da segunda nadadeira dorsal; 6. final da nadadeira anal; 7. final da segunda nadadeira dorsal; 8. início da nadadeira caudal inferior; 9. início da nadadeira caudal superior. No método 1, as medidas D 1-3 e D 3-4 foram as mais importantes, enquanto que no método 2, dentre as variações de forma, a que mais contribuiu foi a componente uniforme x.

Submitted by (ana.araujo@ufrpe.br) on 2016-06-28T12:47:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Cristiane Rocha Albuquerque Lima.pdf: 1669674 bytes, checksum: 8c470f7b42a668a3ae34976123b15507 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-28T12:47:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cristiane Rocha Albuquerque Lima.pdf: 1669674 bytes, checksum: 8c470f7b42a668a3ae34976123b15507 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-28 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The guitarfish Rhinobatos cf percelens is a marine ray inhabiting shallow coastal waters in southern hemisphere. The analyzed sample was collected at Caiçara do Norte, off Rio Grande do Norte state (Brazil). Traditional techniques and geometric morphometry were used aiming at identifying the specific status of the exploited species along the Brazilian Northeast coast. For that, comparisons between R. percellens and R. lentiginosus were carried out by means of data obtained from the literature and data from paratypes of both species provided by the Museu Oceanográfico da Universidade do Vale do Itajaí - MOVI. The knowledge of the specific status of fishes composing commercial catches is essential for allocating them in their proper stock units, so that stock assessments can be conducted as well as management measures undertaken. Thus, were used as approach the analysis morphometric, through techniques of image processing, analysis multivariate and geometric morphometric, using for comparison the described pattern widely accepted for each species. Individual images were digitalized through a camera and stored in files of image jpeg. The coordinates of landmarks and pseudo-landmarks definedover the dorsal part of the animal were obtained and matrix of data was submitted to the mentioned techniques allowing comparisons of the form variations among specimens. Results obtained pointed out two groups, consisting the first at dark coloration specimens with numerous white spots, while the second was made up of individuals brown coloration with or without spots. / Rhinobatos cf percellens é uma espécie de raia marinha de águas costeiras. A amostra analisada foi coletada em Caiçara do Norte, no estado do Rio Grande do Norte (Brasil). Técnicas tradicionais e de morfometria geométrica foram usadas com o objetivo de identificar o status específico da espécie explorada na costa Nordeste do Brasil. Para isso, comparações entre R. percellens e R. lentiginosus foram feitas através de dados obtidos na literatura e dados de parátipos de ambas espécies provenientes do Museu Oceanográfico da Universidade do Vale do Itajaí - MOVI. O conhecimento do status específico das espécies exploradas é essencial para alocação em suas próprias unidades de estoque, de forma que estas avaliações possam ser administradas bem como estabelecer medidas de administração. Assim, foram utilizadas como abordagem a análise morfométrica, através de técnicas de processamento de imagem, análise multivariada e morfometria geométrica, utilizando para comparação o padrão amplamente aceito para cada uma das espécies. Imagens individuais foram digitalizadas através de uma câmara e armazenadas em arquivos de imagem jpeg. As coordenadas de marcos anatômicos e pseudosmarcos anatômicos, definidos sobre a região dorsal do animal, foram obtidas e a matriz de dados submetida às técnicas mencionadas permitindo uma comparação das variações da forma entre os espécimes. Resultados obtidos apontaram dois grupos, consistindo o primeiro por espécimes de coloração escura com numerosos pontos brancos, o segundo foi formado por indivíduos de coloração marrom com presença ou não de manchas.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Plants have evolved various strategies to defend themselves against herbivory. Under herbivore attack, they emit volatile organic compounds that indirectly defend the plant, by attracting herbivore s natural enemies or directly by repelling the herbivore. The coconut tree, Cocus nucifera, is grown in all regions of the country, being predominant in the northeast and hold socio-economic importance for the country. In this sense, the objective of this study was to characterize the emission of volatiles by C. nucifera induced upon herbivory of Brassolis sophorae caterpillars and to assess the behavioral response of Winthemia analis, larval parasitoid of B. sophorae, to B. sophorae induced volatiles. In addition, the biology of W. analis was studied. Were collected, using the aeration process, volatiles emitted by C. nucifera under the following treatments: 1 undamaged plants; 2 mechanically-damaged plants and 3 plants upon herbivory of Brassolis sophorae caterpillars. The collected volatiles were chemically analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The behavioral response of the parasitoid to the induced compounds was tested in a Y-tube olfactometer, and the life cycle was determined from 79 larvae emerged from 28 B. sophorae pupae. The compounds nonanal, decanal and two ketones, geranyl acetone and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, were identified in the samples containing volatiles emitted by C. nucifera 48h after the application of the three treatments. The homoterpene (E)-4-8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT) was identified only in the samples containing volatiles emitted by C. nucifera upon herbivory of Brassolis sophorae caterpillars and mechanically-damaged plants. The DMNT contribution was higher in the sample emitted by plants upon herbivory of Brassolis sophorae caterpillars than in the samples emitted by mechanically-damaged plants. W. analis files were not attracted to the odors emitted by C. nucifera upon herbivory of Brassolis sophorae caterpillars. The emergence rate of adults was about 73%. Were possible to check sexual dimorphism in the adults wings using geometric morphometric (p<0.0001). The morphological analysis of the W. analis adults show one characteristic in the male abdomen. / As plantas apresentam diversas estratégias de defesa contra herbivoria. Muitas plantas, quando atacadas emitem compostos orgânicos voláteis que auxiliam na sua defesa, por meio da atração de inimigos naturais dos herbívoros ou repelindo diretamente o herbívoro. O coqueiro, Cocus nucifera, tem seu cultivo presente em todas as regiões do país, sendo predominante na região nordeste e apresenta uma grande importância social e econômica para o país. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a liberação de voláteis de C. nucifera induzidos pela herbivoria de lagartas de Brassolis sophorae e a resposta comportamental de Winthemia analis, parasitoide de lagartas de B. sophorae, aos compostos induzidos. Adicionalmente estudou-se a biologia de W. analis. Foram coletados, por meio do processo de aeração, voláteis emitidos por C. nucifera sob os seguintes tratamentos: 1 planta sadia; 2 planta com dano mecânico e 3 planta sob herbivoria de lagartas de B. sophorae. Os voláteis coletados foram analisados quimicamente por cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectrometria de massas (CG-EM). A resposta comportamental do parasitoide aos compostos induzidos pela herbivoria das lagartas foi testada em um olfatômetro em Y e seu ciclo de vida foi registrado a partir de 79 larvas que emergiram de 28 pupas de B. sophorae. Os compostos nonanal, decanal e duas cetonas, geranil acetona e 6-metil-5-hepten-2-ona, foram identificados nas amostras de voláteis emitidos por C. nucifera 48h após a aplicação dos três tratamentos. O homoterpeno (E)-4-8-dimetil-1,3,7-nonatrieno (DMNT) foi encontrado somente nas amostras de voláteis emitidos por C. nucifera sob herbivoria de B. sophorae e com dano mecânico. A contribuição do DMNT foi maior nas amostras de planta sob herbivoria de lagartas de B. sophorae do que nas amostras de planta com dano mecânico. Os adultos de W. analis não foram atraídos pelos extratos obtidos da aeração de plantas sob herbivoria de lagartas de B. sophorae. A taxa de emergência dos adultos de W. analis foi de aproximadamente 73%. Foi possível verificar dimorfismo sexual alar por meio de morfometria geométrica (p<0,0001). A análise morfológica dos adultos de W. analis constatou a existência de uma característica no abdômen dos machos.

codirection : Emmanuel Milot (Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières) / La bioarchéologie donne un accès inédit à l’histoire des populations passées à travers l’analyse directe des restes humains. Au Québec, peu d’études bioarchéologiques explorent l’histoire des populations à grande échelle durant la période coloniale en raison de divers facteurs (ex. fouilles peu exhaustives des cimetières en raison de mandats limités, mauvaise conservation des squelettes, aspects historiques minimisés comme la traite des esclaves). Seules les études génétiques, généalogiques et démographiques ont permis de constituer un portrait phylogénétique des différentes populations qui ont cohabité depuis les premières colonies européennes. Cette thèse vise à appliquer des approches méthodologiques issues de la morphométrie géométrique 3D pour contribuer à explorer l’histoire coloniale à travers la variation phénotypique de l’os temporal. L’os temporal qui constitue la partie latérale (voire basale) du crâne est l’un des ossements les mieux préservés dans les collections bioarchéologiques au Québec. Comme cet os formé très tôt in utero est reconnu pour être moins influencé par les pressions environnementales externes, sa morphologie reflète des signaux biologiques directement hérités des ancêtres. Un total de 214 os temporaux issus de sept cimetières coloniaux ; cinq catholiques (ascendance française) et deux protestants (ascendance britannique) établis dans la vallée du Saint-Laurent ont été numérisés en 3D au moyen de la photogrammétrie. Des analyses en morphométrie géométrique 3D ont permis d’explorer la variation phénotypique au niveau intra — et inter-régional des cimetières qui retracent des périodes clefs de l’histoire coloniale ; de la formation de la Nouvelle-France sous le régime colonial français, à sa capitulation au profit du régime colonial britannique, jusqu’à l’ère industrielle (XVII-XIXe siècles). Les résultats morphométriques ont révélé une différenciation régionale significative entre tous les cimetières catholiques canadiens-français. Ils montrent notamment (i) la faible variation morphologique observée à Montréal au cours de deux siècles d’occupation coloniale, et (ii) des différences morphologiques significatives entre les cimetières catholiques les plus anciens, reflétant une régionalisation rapide des populations liée à l’effet fondateur, aux goulots d’étranglement et à un éventuel isolement géographique entre la ville et la campagne. L’absence de différences entre le cimetière protestant de Saint-Laurent (Montréal) et tous les cimetières catholiques récents, par rapport au cimetière protestant de Saint-Matthew (Québec), pourrait indiquer la présence potentielle d’individus irlandais. Les cimetières Saint-Lawrence et Saint-Antoine étaient tous deux en usage durant les importantes migrations irlandaises et épisodes épidémiques qui ont causé une importante mortalité chez ses populations. Enfin, trois individus d’origine potentiellement non européenne ont été identifiés dans les cimetières protestants de Saint-Matthew à Québec (n=2 ; ascendance africaine ou métissée) et dans le cimetière catholique de Notre-Dame à Montréal (n=1 ; ascendance autochtone ou métissée). Les deux cimetières reflètent deux périodes importantes : (i) le développement de la colonisation française (Notre-Dame, 1683-1799) et (ii) britannique (Saint-Matthew, 1771-1860). Ces deux périodes et lieux ont également connu la plus forte concentration d’esclaves ; ce qui indique le potentiel statut social de ces trois individus. Cette recherche met en évidence les avantages de l’utilisation de l’os temporal et de la morphométrie géométrique pour documenter la variation inter — et intra-groupe au niveau phénotypique de populations passées apparentées. Ces nouveaux outils méthodologiques offrent des alternatives aux contraintes taphonomiques tout en minimisant la manipulation des restes humains archéologiques. Combinées à des approches éthiques basées sur la réciprocité, ces méthodes démocratiques permettent d’engager plus activement les communautés de descendants dans le domaine de la bioarchéologie, pour à terme, faciliter les demandes de rapatriement et ramatriement, particulièrement dans le cas d’individus sans documentation précise ni contexte archéologique. / Bioarchaeology provides unique access to past population histories through the direct analysis of human remains. In Quebec, few bioarchaeological studies explore the history and processes of admixture during the colonial period, due to a variety of factors (e.g. limited cemetery excavations, poor skeletal conservation, neglected historical aspects such as the slave trade). Only genetic, genealogical and demographic studies have provided a phylogenetic overview of the different populations that have lived alongside each other since the first European colonies. This thesis aims to apply innovative conceptual and methodological approaches to help in exploring colonial history through phenotypic variation. The temporal bone, which forms the lateral (or basal) part of the skull, is one of the bestpreserved bones in general, and in bioarchaeological collections in Quebec in particular. Because this bone is formed in utero, it is known to be less influenced by external environmental pressures. Its morphology reflects biological signals directly inherited from ancestors. Temporal bones (n=214) from seven colonial cemeteries, five Catholic and two Protestant ones, in the St. Lawrence Valley were digitized in 3D using photogrammetry. Geometric morphometric analyses explored phenotypic variation at intra- and inter-regional levels for cemeteries that illustrate key periods of colonial history; from the formation of New France under French colonization to its handover under British colonization through to the industrial era (17th-19th centuries). Morphometric results revealed significant regional differentiation between all French-Canadian Catholic cemeteries. They demonstrate (i) low morphological variation observed in Montreal over two centuries of colonial occupation, and (ii) significant morphological differences between the oldest Catholic cemeteries. It reflects, rapid regionalization linked to the founder effect, bottlenecks and possible geographical isolation between city and countryside. The absence of differences between the Protestant cemetery of Saint-Lawrence (Montreal) and all recent Catholic cemeteries, compared with the Protestant cemetery of Saint-Matthew (Quebec), could indicate the potential presence of Irish individuals. Finally, three individuals of potentially non-European origin were documented in the Protestant cemeteries of Saint-Matthew in Quebec City (n=2; African ancestry or admixed) and in the Catholic cemetery of Notre-Dame in Montreal (n=1; Indigenous ancestry or admixed). Both cemeteries reflect two important periods: (i) French colonization (NotreDame, 1683-1799); (ii) followed by British colonization (Saint-Matthew, 1771-1860). Both periods and locations also had the highest concentration of slaves, indicating their potential social status. This research highlights the benefits of using temporal bone and geometric morphometrics to document, inter- and intra-group variation at the phenotypic level and investigate colonial variability along the St. Lawrence Valley. These new methodological tools offer alternatives to taphonomic constraints while minimizing the manipulation of archaeological human remains. Combined with ethical approaches based on reciprocity, these democratic methods make it possible to engage descendant communities more actively in the field of bioarcheology, ultimately with the aim of easing repatriation and rematriation requests -especially in the case of individuals without precise documentation or archaeological context.