Thesis (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute, 1962. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 45-46). Also available via the Internet.

Includes bibliography

The monophyly of the Geometrinae is examined by investigating the green wing pigment and morphology of the tympanal (hearing) organs. The green colour of Geometrinae is caused by a single pigment, here termed geoverdin, located in the scales. Analysis of this pigment indicates that it is neither a bile pigment nor a derivative of chlorophyll. A method developed for taxonomic comparison of lepidopteran pigments and based on a chromatographic profiling technique is presented. The morphology of geometrid tympanal organs is described and an apomorphy for the Geometrinae, the distinctive shape of the ansa, is proposed. The value of the taxonomic literature on the Geometrinae is assessed in terms of its ability to identify internal monophyletic groups. A taxonomic revision of the genus Oospila Warren is presented, in which the neotropical genera Auophylla Warren, Auophyllodes Prout, Halioscia Warren, Oospila Warren, Oospiloma Prout, Progonodes Warren and Racheolopha Warren are united into a single genus. Phylogenetic analysis is used to demonstrate the monophyly of the revised genus Oospila and to assess relationships between species groups within it. The revised genus Oospila is defined as a monophyletic group supported by two apomorphic characters: the form of the abdominal crests and the presence of an anellar complex produced by the fusion of the juxta and transtilla. Sixty-six species of Oospila are treated, of which three are described as new. One new subspecies is also described. Forty-eight species group names are synonymised, and 16 species are recombined with Oospila.

Includes bibliography / v, 133, [ca. 200] leaves, [4] leaves of plates : ill. (some col.) ; 31 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Entomology, 1986

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:32:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6357.pdf: 5846186 bytes, checksum: a1cb075deff388eea9318cca3491127e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-04 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / Immature stages of Geometridae (Lepidoptera) and their parasitoids (Ichneumonoidea and Chalcidoidea) were recorded and collected in two areas of Serra do Japi Municipal Biological Reserve, in Jundiaí, São Paulo. Occurrence of larvae were recorded associated with 14 plant species, collected in two environments: semideciduous mesophytic forest (MS) and understory between eucalipto (SB). The sampling period was from September 2011 to September 2012 and the larvae were kept in laboratory until emergence of adult parasitoids or Geometridae. On MS were collected 143 larvae, from this total, 12 were parasitized and 131 reached the adult stage; on SB, 129 larvae were collected, 12 were parasitized and 117 reached the adult stage. The most abundant species in the MS was Eois tegularia (Geometridae, Larentiinae), with 64 larvae. Physocleora sp.1, was the specie with the highest association of parasitoids, with 6 parasitized larvae. In SB, the most abundant species were the Nephodia aff. panacea (Geometridae, Ennominae), with 32 larvae collected, and also the species with the highest number of association with parasitoids. Piper sp. (Piperaceae), showed the highest number of larvae collected in the MS and Alchornea triplinervia (Euphorbiacea) of SB. The highest number of larvae parasitized on MS were recorded and collected for Croton floribundus (Euphorbiaceae), 6 larvae; on SB, the largest number of parasitized larvae was Alchornea triplinervia. Among the parasitoids, the genus Diolcogaster (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) were the most abundant with 18 samples. It was registered a new kind of Aleiodes (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Rogadinae), associated with Physocleora grossica. larvae and Ischnopteris sp. on MS associated Alchornea triplinervia (Euphorbiacea). From complementary collections for parasitoids, with Malaise trap, Moericke trap and vegetation sweep, the Glyptapanteles genus follow by Diolcogaster, both Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae that emerged from geometridae larvae were the most abundant. For parasitoids, the results indicated the importance of obtaining from host larvae in the laboratory, besides the use of the main methods of collecting adults. / Estágios imaturos de Geometridae (Lepidoptera) e seus parasitoides (Ichneumonoidea e Chalcidoidea) foram estudados na Reserva Biologica Municipal da Serra do Japi, Jundiaí, São Paulo. Foi registrada a ocorrência de larvas associadas a 14 espécies de plantas, amostradas em dois ambientes: mata mesófila semidecídua (MS) e sub-bosque nativo em meio a eucalipto (SB). O período de amostragem foi de setembro de 2011 a setembro de 2012 e as larvas foram mantidas em laboratório até emergência de adultos de Geometridae ou de seus parasitoides. Na MS foram obtidas 143 larvas, das quais, 12 estavam parasitadas e 131 atingiram o estágio adulto; no SB, 129 larvas foram obtidas, 12 estavam parasitadas e 117 atingiram o estágio adulto. A espécie mais abundante na MS foi Eois tegularia (Geometridae, Larentiinae), com 64 larvas. Physocleora sp.1 foi a espécie com maior associação com parasitoides, com 6 larvas parasitadas. No SB, a espécie mais abundante foi Nephodia aff. panacea (Geometridae, Ennominae), com 32 larvas obtidas e também a espécie com o maior número de associações com parasitoides. Piper sp. (Piperaceae), apresentou o maior número de larvas amostradas na MS e Alchornea triplinervia (Euphorbiaceae) no SB. O maior número de larvas parasitadas na MS foi registrado para Croton floribundus (Euphorbiaceae); no SB, o maior número de larvas parasitadas e coletadas ocorreu em Alchornea triplinervia. Entre os parasitoides, o gênero Diolcogaster (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) foi o mais abundante, com 18 exemplares. Foi registrada uma nova espécie de Aleiodes (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Rogadinae), associada a larvas de Physocleora grossica e Ischnopteris sp. na MS associadas à Alchornea triplinervia (Euphorbiaceae). Das coletas complementares de parasitoides com armadilhas Malaise, de Moericke e varredura da vegetação, o gênero Glyptapanteles, seguido por Diolcogaster, ambos Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae foram os mais abundantes. Para os parasitoides, os resultados indicaram a importância da sua obtenção a partir de larvas hospedeiras, além da utilização de outros métodos de coleta de adultos.

Thesis (Ph. D. )--Washington State University, August 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 215-227).

The Geometrinae, commonly known as emerald moths, are a diverse group of Lepidoptera with over 450 Neotropical species. However, Caribbean Geometrinae have received relatively little attention compared to the Geometrinae of mainland Central and South America. Using the method of Lee and Brown (2006), whole body mounts of descaled specimens of both Caribbean and mainland Neotropical Geometrinae were prepared. Morphological variation of exo- and endoskeletal characters among species, genera, and tribes of Neotropical Geometrinae is described. A faunistic study of Caribbean Geometrinae was also conducted using material from museums and private collections. The study includes definitions of species of Caribbean Geometrinae, descriptions of new species, and illustrations of adult imagos, genitalia, and other external characters. A key to the species of Caribbean Geometrinae is also provided.

The Geometrid moth genus Erilophodes Warren was redefined, using morphological characters of the wings, abdomen, hind tibiae and genitalia. Two new species, E. Spinosa and E. toddi, were described on the basis of male characteristics. Females of these species are indistinguishable from each other and from those of E. colorata Warren, the type species. Ischnopterix Wagneri Le Moult was treated as a junior subjective synonym of E. colorata Warren. Three species referred to Erilophodes Warren were removed from the genus. E. indistincta Warren was transferred to the genus Ischnopterix Hubner. E. marmorinata Bastelberger was placed as a junior subjective synonym of Neodesmodes semialbata Warren. E. arana (Dognin) was transferred to the genus Neodesmodes Warren. Erilophodes Warren was found to occupy an area from Espirito Santo on the southern coast of Brazil to Montevideo, Uruguay, westward through the northeastern tip of Argentina into southeastern Paraguay. There seems to be considerable overlap in the ranges of the three species. Placement of Erilophodes Warren in the subfamily Ennominae was verified. With some reservations the genus was retained in the tribe Nacophorini. / Master of Science

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:32:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4127.pdf: 12784699 bytes, checksum: 1cf7f24180cefb0d1865b0b17e35a8d6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-17 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / Larvae of Geometridae (Lepidoptera) were collected with entomological umbrella during 13 months in Agrosilvopastoral System and Reforestation at Canchim Farm (Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, São Carlos, SP) area, and maintained in laboratory until the emergence of adults or of its parasitoids. Hymenopterous parasitoids of the subfamilies Microgastrinae (Braconidae) and Campopleginae (Ichneumonidae) were obtained from collected larvae, and during 10 months were also captured by Malaise traps in a fragment of Semideciduous Forest, Reforestation, Agrosilvopastoral System and Sorghum crop, in the same area of Farm. In the Agrosilvopastoral System the Geometridae larvae were collected in four plant species and in the Reforestation area, in 12 species. The greatest abundance and species richness of hosts were obtained in the Agrosilvopastoral System; the Reforestation had the greatest number of genera of Geometridae. In the Reforestation the most abundant genus of Geometridae was Macaria (Ennominae); in this site, the host plant with the highest number of larvae collected were Aegiphila sellowiana. In the Agrosilvopastoral System, the most abundant species of Geometridae was Eupithecia sp. (Larentiinae); in this site, Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan (Mimosaceae) was the host that had the highest number of collected larvae and parasitized larvae. In the Reforestation, the rate of parasitism over Geometridae larvae was higher than the recorded in the Agrosilvopastoral System. Most of the species of parasitoids obtained from larvae that occurred in Agrosilvopastoral System and Reforestation, were captured by Malaise traps. The genres that parasitized the largest number of Geometridae larvae were Glyptapanteles (Microgastrinae) and Charops (Campopleginae). The parasitoids obtained with Malaises generally were more abundant in the Reforestation, and the most abundant specie in this area was Cotesia sp. (Braconidae, Microgastrinae), and in the Agrosilvopastoral System was Campoletis sp. (Ichneumonidae, Campopleginae). For Microgastrinae fauna sampled with Malaise, the area with highest species richness index was the Reforestation, and the fragment of Forest showed the highest value for evenness. For Campopleginae fauna, also obtained with Malaise trap, the Agrosilvopastoral System had the highest species richness and greatest evenness. Was observed different patterns in the distribution of the abundance of hymenopterous parasitoids and Geometridae larvae in different environments, given the same climatic conditions. / Larvas de Geometridae (Lepidoptera) foram coletadas com guarda-chuva entomológico durante 13 meses em Sistema Agrossilvipastoril e Reflorestamento em área da Fazenda Canchim (Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, São Carlos, SP), e mantidas em laboratório até a emergência dos adultos ou de seus parasitoides. Himenópteros parasitoides das subfamílias Microgastrinae (Braconidae) e Campopleginae (Ichneumonidae) foram obtidos das larvas coletadas, e durante 10 meses foram também capturados por armadilhas Malaise em Fragmento de Floresta Estacional Semidecídual, Reflorestamento, Sistema Agrossilvipastoril e Plantio de Sorgo, na mesma área da Fazenda. No Sistema Agrossilvipastoril as larvas de Geometridae foram coletadas em quatro espécies de planta e no Reflorestamento, em 12 espécies. A maior abundância e riqueza de espécies de hospedeiros foram obtidas no Sistema Agrossilvipastoril; o Reflorestamento apresentou um maior número de gêneros de Geometridae. No Reflorestamento o gênero mais abundante de Geometridae foi Macaria (Ennominae); nesse local, a planta hospedeira com maior número de larvas coletadas foi Aegiphila sellowiana. No Sistema Agrossilvipastoril, a espécie de Geometridae mais abundante foi Eupithecia sp. (Larentiinae); nesse local, Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan (Mimosaceae) foi a planta hospedeira que apresentou o maior número de larvas coletadas e larvas parasitadas. No Reflorestamento, a taxa de parasitismo sobre as larvas de Geometridae foi maior do que a registrada no Sistema Agrossilvipastoril. A maior parte das espécies de parasitoides obtidos das larvas que ocorreram no Sistema Agrossilvipastoril e Reflorestamento, foram capturados por armadilhas Malaise. Os gêneros que parasitaram o maior número de larvas de Geometridae foram Glyptapanteles (Microgastrinae) e Charops (Campopleginae). Os parasitoides, obtidos com Malaise, em geral foram mais abundantes no Reflorestamento, e a espécie mais abundante nessa área foi Cotesia sp. (Braconidae, Microgastrinae), e no Sistema Agrossilvipastoril foi Campoletis sp. (Ichneumonidae, Campopleginae). Para a fauna de Microgastrinae amostrada com Malaise, a área com maior índice de riqueza de espécies foi o Reflorestamento, e o fragmento de Mata apresentou o maior valor para equitabilidade. Para a fauna de Campopleginae, também obtida com armadilha Malaise, o Sistema Agrossilvipastoril apresentou a maior riqueza de espécies e a maior equitabilidade. Foram observados diferentes padrões na distribuição da abundância de himenópteros parasitoides e larvas de Geometridae nos diferentes ambientes, diante das mesmas condições climáticas.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:31:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissLE.pdf: 3386240 bytes, checksum: c736eb4f7c4ef3739d8139ef44d99689 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-07-20 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / This work was carried out in three different areas of Universidade Federal de São Carlos. We studied the Geometridae associated to Rapanea umbellata (Mart.) Mez, 1902 (Myrsinaceae). The samples were collected at each two weeks, during the period of October of 2005 to april of 2007. It was used the method of entomological umbrella. The larvae were grown in the laboratory, using the host plant as food. Rapanea umbellata had the first register as plant hostess of Geometridae in the present study. It occured 14 species of Geometridae arranged in 11 genus, seven genus of Hymenoptera Parasitica and one Diptera. The common species that occured was Phrygionis polita (Cramer, 1780), whose relative abundance was 48,9%. Other Geometridae recordered were: P. paradoxata (Guenée, [1858]), Argyrotome melae (Druce, 1892), Opisthoxia sp. Hübner, [1825], Pero refellaria (Guenée, [1858]), Glena bipennaria (Guenée, [1858]), G. unipennaria (Guenée, [1858]), Hymenomima amberia (Schaus, 1901), Iridopsis chalcea (Obertür, 1883), Ischnopteris miseliata (Guenée, [1858]), Patalene Herrich-Schäffer, [1854], Oxydia apidania (Cramer, [1779]), O. vesulia (Cramer, [1779]), Prochoerodes tetragonata (Guenée, [1958]). The Hymenoptera parasitoids were: Euplectrus Nestwood, 1832 (Eulophidae), Charops Homgren, 1859 (Ichneumonidae), Hyposoter Foerster, 1869 (Ichneumonidae), Mesochorus Gravenhorst, 1829 (Ichneumonidae), Diolcogaster Asmed, 1900 (Braconidae), Hymenochaonia Dalla Torre, 1898 (Braconidae), Glyptapanteles Ashmed, 1905 (Braconidae). The density of larvae shows two peaks, one at the dry season and one at the raining season. In the same time occurs the smaller percentage of parasitism. The cycle of development of Phrygionis polita was studied, being the first description of the immature stages of a species of the Palyadini tribe. / Este trabalho foi realizado em três diferentes áreas da Universidade Federal de São Carlos. Foram estudados os Geometridae associados à Rapanea umbellata (Mart.) Mez, 1902 (Myrsinaceae). As coletas foram realizadas quinzenalmente, durante o período de outubro de 2005 a abril de 2007 por meio de guarda-chuva entomológico. As larvas coletadas foram criadas em laboratório, utilizando a planta hospedeira para alimentá-las. Rapanea umbellata teve o primeiro registro como planta hospedeira de Geometridae no presente estudo. Ocorreram 14 espécies de Geometridae distribuída em 11 gêneros, 7 gêneros de Hymenoptera Parasitica e um Diptera Tachinidae. Dentre as espécies de Geometridae, a mais comum, com densidade relativa de 48,9%, foi Phrygionis polita (Cramer, 1780) Outros geometrídeos registrados foram: P. paradoxata (Guenée, [1858]), Argyrotome melae (Druce, 1892), Opisthoxia sp. Hübner, [1825], Pero refellaria (Guenée, [1858]), Glena bipennaria (Guenée, [1858]), G. unipennaria (Guenée, [1858]), Hymenomima amberia (Schaus, 1901), Iridopsis chalcea (Obertür, 1883), Ischnopteris miseliata (Guenée, [1858]), Patalene Herrich- Schäffer, [1854], Oxydia apidania (Cramer, [1779]), O. vesulia (Cramer, [1779]), Prochoerodes tetragonata (Guenée, [1958]). Os parasitóides Hymenoptera foram: Euplectrus Nestwood, 1832 (Eulophidae), Charops Homgren, 1859 (Ichneumonidae), Hyposoter Foerster, 1869 (Ichneumonidae), Mesochorus Gravenhorst, 1829 (Ichneumonidae), Diolcogaster Asmed, 1900 (Braconidae), Hymenochaonia Dalla Torre, 1898 (Braconidae), Glyptapanteles Ashmed, 1905 (Braconidae). A densidade de larvas apresentou dois picos, um na estação seca e um na estação chuvosa. Nesta mesma época, ocorreram as menores porcentagens de parasitismo. O ciclo de desenvolvimento de Phrygionis polita foi estudado, sendo a primeira descrição dos estágios imaturos de uma espécie da tribo Palyadini.