This diploma thesis presents description on several algorithms for decision trees induction and software RapidMiner. The first part of the thesis deals with partition and terminology of decision trees. There’re described all algorithms for decision tree construction in RapidMiner. The second part deals with implementation and comparison of chosen algorithms. The application was developed in C++. Based on the real datesets the comparisson of different algorithms was realized using Rapid Miner 4.0.

Transportation is one of the largest sectors contributing to CO2-emissions, and has doubled its emissions in 30 years. Despite this, studies of the environmental Kuznets curve (”EKC”) often focus on stationary industry emissions. Studies of the EKC have detected an N-shape, rather than an inverted U-curve, indicating that rich nation’s emissions, in fact, increase again after the downturn. Possibly, this could be explained by a trend for inhabitants of wealthy countries with high equality to purchase local products and potentially reverse a trend of dirty-industry emigration. Local production and movement of intermediate goods demand domestic goods transportation. To my knowledge, no previous research has studied how changes in GDP/capita, trade intensity and GINI-index are related to CO2-emissions from domestic goods transportation in wealthy countries with high equality. To study the relationship, mathematical tests using Panel data with Fixed Effects Regression were used. Five countries qualified for the tests, having both high equality (lowest GINI-index) and high GDP/capita, and were included in the study for the year interval 2000-2020. Test results showed a significant correlation between the following: (1) wealth coincides positively with CO2-emissions, (2) trade intensity coincides negatively with CO2-emissions and (3) GINI-index coincides positively with CO2-emissions. Methodologically, this study contributes with the estimator GDP/GINI-index, rather than GDP solely, which could be a better estimator for the richness of a country’s population. The mathematical test results indicate that domestic goods transportation could be a reason for the increased CO2-emissions from developed wealthy countries. This could be a development of the environmental Kuznets curve.

Immigration to Sweden has increased since Second World War. The immigra-tion pattern has also shifted from labor immigration to refugee immigration. The relative labor market performance of immigrants began to worsen at the end of 1970s. The employment rate among foreign born persons is considera-bly lower than it is among Swedish born persons.Integration of foreign born persons in the areas of education, income and em-ployment varies among FA-regions in Sweden. FA-region means functional analysis region, where you can live and work without having time-wasting trips.The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the relationship between labor market participation of immigrants and segregation on the regional level.Three indices (Dissimilarity, Isolation and Gini) of segregation are used in or-der to investigate the relationship between segregation and employment level among immigrants. The results show that there exists a negative relationship between these variables. In FA-regions of metropolitan regions in spite of high segregation rate the relationship between segregation and employment rate is slightly weaker, than it is among FA-regions of large city regions. The main conclusion of this study is the regional perspective, the necessity of making this kind of analysis on regional level, not country level.

abstract: Before 1990s, the relationship between money supply and inflation was positively correlated, however, from 1990 onwards, the US and other major developed countries entered into a new financial era with a typical belief that hyper money supply coexisted with lower inflation. This phenomenon is called “the paradox of inflation”. Traditional theories cannot provide reasonable explanations of this new phenomenon. In my study, I have taken the linear filtering techniques which Lucas developed in 1980, and the recursive estimation method, as well as the chow test and F-test, and choose the data of the US, Britain, Japan, Germany, Euro area, BRICKs and some members of ASEAN, from 1960 to 2012, to study the relationship between annual rate of M2 growth and CPI inflation. The results show that in most sample developed and developing countries the positive correlation relationship between money supply and inflation began to weaken since the 1990s, and “the paradox of inflation” is now a common phenomenon. In my paper, I attempt to provide a new explanation of “the paradox of inflation”. I conjecture that, in the past two decades, some advanced countries were becoming a “relatively wealthy society”, which means that commodity supply as well as money supply is abundant. I state that the US is a “relatively wealthy society” and try to determine what features could mark a “relatively wealthy society”. I choose the credit growth rate of nonfinancial sectors and the ratio of dividends to investment to represent the production inclination of the business sector, and choose the income per capita and the GINI index to represent the consumption inclination of the resident sector. Then, through a semi parametric varying-coefficient regression model, I found that, in the US, when the credit growth of the business sector is under 5%, the ratio of dividends to investment is over 0.20, the per capita income is more than $30,000, and the GINI index is over 0.45, the country becomes a “relatively wealthy society”. Base on this new explanation, I can conclude “in the relatively wealthy society, inflation is no longer a monetary phenomenon; it is a wealth allocation phenomenon”. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Business Administration 2015

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:48:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carolina de Almeida Lernic.pdf: 1207077 bytes, checksum: 0692ef940603a99cd8eff11eaa59384c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-06 / This study aimed to conduct a study on the main variables that influence poverty and income concentration, and through these data, compared the main policies implemented, between the decades from 1960 to 2010, which eased or worsened these issues in Brazil. Were taken as basic social indicators as Gini Index, Poverty Line, Wages, Employment index. Viewing a successive overview of three decades - 1960, 1970 and 1980 - it is concluded that there were times in which an improvement in income distribution and poverty was real, in 1970, for example, however, due to the fragility of the Brazilian economy, this situation could not be sustained for long. In an overview, the Real Plan promoted the resumption of economic growth, through the control of inflation. However, it is mainly in the 2000s, that displaying major improvements in the levels of concentration of wealth and poverty / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um estudo acerca das principais variáveis que influenciam a pobreza e a concentração de renda, e por meio desses dados, comparou as principais políticas implementadas, entre as décadas de 1960 a 2010, que amenizaram ou agravaram estas questões no Brasil. Foram tomados como base indicadores sociais como Índice de Gini, Linha da Pobreza, Salário Mínimo, índice de Emprego. Visualizando um panorama sucessivo das três décadas 1960, 1970 e 1980 conclui-se que houve momentos nos quais uma melhoria na distribuição de renda e na pobreza foi real, em 1970, por exemplo, porém, em função da fragilidade da economia brasileira, essa situação não pôde ser sustentada por muito tempo. Em um panorama geral, o Plano Real promoveu a retomada do crescimento econômico, via controle da inflação. Porém, é principalmente, na década de 2000, que são visualizadas grandes melhorias nos níveis de concentração de renda e de pobreza

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-08T14:44:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1425787 bytes, checksum: d94cd9ae653410b9a89cae6899ac08b2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work aimed to evaluate the contribution of wage income of women in household income and their impact on reducing income inequality in household income per capita in Brazil and in the macro-regions. The database used was the National Sample Survey (PNAD), in the period 2004-2012. To achieve this purpose will be used methodologies for decomposing the Gini index on elements of income proposed by Kakwani, Wagstaff and Doorslaer (1997), as well as the methodology of decomposition of the change in the Gini index, the effect of composition and concentration-effect developed by Hoffmann (2006) and Soares (2006), from the decomposition proposed by Shorrocks (1982). The methodology of Kakwani, Wagstaff and Doorslaer (1997) provides the standard errors, allowing the construction of confidence intervals, being feasible, therefore verify whether changes in inequality were either not statistically significant. The results show that while in the Southeast, South and Midwest the changes from 2004 to 2012 working on the components of man, public welfare and women's work, mainly on the issue of devolution of these budgets were greatly responsible for the fall of Brazilian inequality in the Northeast and North, the income of the Bolsa Família program played a crucial role, especially through - composition effect. Such findings reinforce the importance of economic policies aimed at decentralization of labor income, including income in the context of women's work, as this has a very significant share of income of the households and their dynamics reflects, more significantly, the trajectory towards a less unequal society in terms of monetary income. / Esta dissertação teve como objetivo avaliar a contribuição dos rendimentos salariais da mulher na renda domiciliar e o impacto desses rendimentos na redução da desigualdade da renda domiciliar per capita no Brasil e nas macrorregiões. A base de dados utilizada foi a da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD), no período de 2004 a 2012. Para atingir este objetivo, foram utilizadas as metodologias de decomposição do índice de Gini em parcelas do rendimento proposta por Kakwani, Wagstaff e Doorslaer (1997), assim como a metodologia de decomposição da mudança no índice de Gini por efeito-composição e efeito-concentração desenvolvida por Hoffmann (2006) e Soares (2006), a partir da decomposição proposta por Shorrocks (1982). A metodologia de Kakwani, Wagstaff e Doorslaer (1997) proporciona os erros-padrão, possibilitando a construção de intervalos de confiança, sendo exequível, consequentemente, verificar se as mudanças na desigualdade foram ou não estatisticamente significantes. Os resultados apontam que enquanto no Sudeste, Sul e Centro-Oeste as mudanças ocorridas de 2004 a 2012 nos componentes trabalho do homem, previdência pública e trabalho da mulher, principalmente na questão da desconcentração destas rendas, foram as grandes responsáveis pela queda da desigualdade brasileira, no Nordeste e no Norte, a renda do Programa Bolsa Família teve um papel crucial, principalmente através do efeito-composição. Tais achados reforçam a importância de políticas econômicas visando a desconcentração da renda proveniente do trabalho, incluindo no contexto a renda do trabalho da mulher, já que esta tem uma participação bastante significativa na renda dos domicílios e sua dinâmica reflete, de maneira expressiva, a trajetória rumo a uma sociedade menos desigual em termos de rendimentos monetários.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-05-16T11:46:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 pedrohenriqueporteladeandrade.pdf: 2209093 bytes, checksum: 7cd7cd139ee9a2c165241e3f9c1a5e84 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-06-27T21:27:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 pedrohenriqueporteladeandrade.pdf: 2209093 bytes, checksum: 7cd7cd139ee9a2c165241e3f9c1a5e84 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-27T21:27:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 pedrohenriqueporteladeandrade.pdf: 2209093 bytes, checksum: 7cd7cd139ee9a2c165241e3f9c1a5e84 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-27 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O objetivo da dissertação é analisar os determinantes da concentração geográfica ocupacional no Brasil, com destaque para o papel do conteúdo tecnológico neste contexto. A característica marcante da geografia econômica atual é a concentração dos agentes econômicos em regiões específicas dentro dos espaços nacionais. Desta forma, tendo em vista a disparidade na concentração dos agentes econômicos, o avanço das mudanças territoriais, a complexidade de novos processos de produção e reestruturação do espaço econômico-geográfico, estudar estes padrões de concentração ocupacional torna-se relevante do ponto de vista do crescimento, planejamento, gestão pública e desenvolvimento das regiões. A concentração geográfica das atividades econômicas pela ótica das ocupações fornece uma maneira diferente dentro da literatura de se olhar para o fenômeno. Sendo assim, a identificação e análise dos determinantes da concentração geográfica das ocupações em regiões metropolitanas são feitas tendo como base o amplo painel de dados provenientes da Relatório Anual de Informações Sociais (RAIS). Estes dados são disponibilizados pelo Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego (MTE) e permitem identificar entre os indivíduos, sua ocupação, sua região metropolitana, o setor industrial em que está empregado e tamanho da empresa que o emprega. Adicionalmente, incorpora-se ao painel os dados relativos à intensidade de conhecimento tecnológico de cada ocupação, oriundos do trabalho de Rodrigues (2006). A metodologia envolve estimações considerando efeitos não observados para o painel de 2003 a 2008. Os resultados das estimações confirmaram a importância da distribuição das indústrias nas regiões metropolitanas assim como do nível tecnológico ocupacional para a concentração geográfica das ocupações. / The goal of this dissertation is to analyze the determinants of Brazil's geographic occupational concentration, with emphasis on the role of technological content in this context. The most remarkable characteristic in the current economic geography is the concentration of economic agents in specific regions within national spaces. In view of the disparity in terms of concentration between economic agents, advance of territorial changes, complexity of new processes of production and restructuration of geographic-economic space, studying these patterns of occupational concentration becomes relevant from the point of view of these regions’ growth, planning, public management and development. The geographic concentration of economic activities from an occupational perspective gives us a different way inside the literature to understand this phenomenon. Thus, the identification and analysis of the determinants of geographic concentration in metropolitan regions’ occupations are made while taking a large panel data from the Annual Social Information’s Report (RAIS) as basis. This data is made available by the Ministry of Labor and Employment (MTE) and allows the identification between individuals, their occupations, metropolitan region, industrial sector in which they’re employed and the size of firms which hired them. Furthermore, it embodies in the panel the data relative to the intensity of technological knowledge of each occupation using data from Rodrigues (2006). The methodology employed considers in its estimations the presence of non-observable effects for a panel from 2003 to 2008. The results of these estimations confirm the importance of indust ries’ distribution in metropolitan regions as well as the technological occupational level for the occupation’s geographic concentration.

No description available.

Актуальность и важность изучения явления дифференциации населения по доходам во многом определяются его связью с уровнем экономического развития территории. Итак, с одной стороны, основой рассматриваемой дифференциации является процесс распределения совокупного дохода (валовой добавленной стоимости) между отдельными домохозяйствами; с другой стороны, динамика экономического развития страны в целом и отдельных ее регионов во многом определяется эффективностью этого распределения, в том числе субъективными ощущениями населения относительно его (распределения) справедливости. Цель работы основана на разработке подхода, анализирующего пространственную дифференциацию доходов населения с использованием методов машинного обучения. Объектом работы является траектория социально-экономического развития регионов. Предметом является применение методов машинного обучения для анализа пространственной дифференциации доходов населения России. Научная новизна заключается в разработке методики анализа пространственной дифференциации доходов населения и оценки ее влияния на экономическое развитие регионов. Практическая значимость работы заключается в том, что данная работа позволяет сформулировать характеристики социально-экономического развития групп регионов, на основе которых формируются их стратегии развития и инвестиционная политика в соответствующих сферах жизни субъектов. Российской Федерации. Разработанная методология кластерного анализа позволяет формировать устойчивые региональные кластеры по уровню социально-экономического развития субъектов Российской Федерации. Проведенная кластеризация с учетом степени дифференциации доходов регионов может быть использована при реализации кластерно-ориентированной государственной политики по поддержке опережающего развития субъектов. / The relevance and importance of the study of the phenomenon of population differentiation by income are largely determined by its relationship with the level of economic development of the territory. So, on the one hand, the basis of the differentiation under consideration is the process of distribution of total income (gross value added) between individual households; on the other hand, the dynamics of economic development of the country as a whole and its individual regions are largely determined by the effectiveness of this distribution, including the subjective feelings of the population regarding its (distribution) fairness. The aim of the work is based on the development of an approach that analyzes spatial differentiation of incomes of the population with the use of machine learning methods. The object of the work is the trajectory of socio-economic development of regions. The subject is the application of machine learning methods to analyze the spatial differentiation of incomes of the Russian population. The scientific novelty lies in the development of a methodology for analyzing the spatial differentiation of incomes of the population and assessing its impact on the economic development of regions. The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that this work allows us to formulate the characteristics of the socio-economic development of groups of regions, based on which their development strategies and investment policy are formed in the relevant spheres of life of the subjects of the Russian Federation. The developed methodology of cluster analysis makes it possible to form stable regional clusters according to the socio-economic development of the subjects of the Russian Federation. The performed clustering, considering the degree of income differentiation of the regions, can be used in the implementation of cluster-oriented state policy to support the accelerated development of the subjects.

La notion de pauvreté a fait l’objet de nombreux débats à travers le monde. Les premières analyses ont mis l’accent sur le caractère unidimensionnel basé essentiellement sur une approche monétaire (revenu ou dépense de consommation). C’est à la faveur des travaux de certains auteurs, tels que Townsend et Sen, que le caractère multidimensionnel est mis en lumière, au regard de la difficulté de quantification de certaines variables qui traduisaient l’idée de manque. l ressort des nombreuses études empiriques que le secteur rural reste le secteur le plus touché par le phénomène de pauvreté.Dans le cas de la Côte d’Ivoire, la pauvreté reste également un phénomène rural et la plupart des études réalisées se sont focalisées sur l’approche monétaire. Cette étude aborde l’analyse de la pauvreté en se focalisant sur le milieu rural agricole et appréhende le phénomène de la pauvreté à partir de trois (03) approches : (i) monétaire ; (ii) privation relative et (iii) patrimoine.Les résultats montrent que la pauvreté reste importante dans ce secteur avec un taux plus élevé pour l’indicateur de privation relative. En outre, il existe une inégalité monétaire plus importante que les autres types de pauvreté quel que soit l’année (2002 et 2008).L’identification des facteurs explicatifs de l’appartenance ou non à la classe des pauvres, montre que les variables liées au genre, au type de religion et à la classe d’âge sont les plus communes aux différentes années et aux différentes approches.Sur la base des résultats obtenus, les recommandations suivantes sont formulées : (i) à l’endroit du gouvernement ivoirien, utiliser les approches monétaires et non-monétaires dans les prochaines analyses sur la pauvreté en Côte d’Ivoire ; mettre l’accent sur la construction de nouvelles infrastructures et l’achat de nouveaux équipements ; améliorer la communication relatives aux actions du gouvernement ; renforcer les capacités des producteurs en matière d’utilisation d’intrants améliorés et d’outils pertinents ; (ii) à l’endroit des producteurs agricoles, adopter les technologies et techniques agricoles et des intrants de qualité, accepter d’adhérer à des entreprises coopératives ; (iii) à l’endroit des coopératives, il faut rechercher des débouchés pour ses membres, négocier de meilleures rémunérations des productions agricoles, transformer les agriculteurs en véritables entrepreneurs agricoles. / The notion of poverty has been the subject of much debate around the world. Previous analyses have emphasized the one-dimensional character based essentially on a monetary approach (income or consumption expenditure). Thanks to the work of some authors such as Townsend and Sen, the multidimensional character is highlighted, considering the difficulty of quantifying certain variables that translated the idea of lack. In addition, many empirical studies show that the rural sector remains the most affected by poverty.In the case of Côte d'Ivoire, poverty is also a rural phenomenon and most studies have focused on the monetary approach.This study addresses the analysis of poverty by focusing on rural farming and apprehends the phenomenon of poverty from three (03) approaches: (i) monetary; (ii) relative deprivation and (iii) wealth.The results show that poverty remains important in this sector with a high rate for the indicator of the relative deprivation. In addition, there is greater monetary inequality than other types of poverty whatever the year (2002 and 2008).The identification of the explanatory factors of the membership or not in the class of the poor shows that the variables related to the gender, to the type of religion and the age group are the most common in the various years and various approaches.Based on the obtained results , the following recommendations are formulated: (i) towards the Ivorian government, use monetary and non-monetary approaches in next analyses on poverty in Côte d’Ivoire; emphasize the construction of new infrastructures and the purchase of new equipment; improve communication about government actions; build the capacity of producers to use improved inputs and relevant tools; (ii) to agricultural producers, adopt agricultural technologies and techniques and quality inputs, accept to join cooperative enterprises; (iii) for cooperatives, it is necessary to look for outlets for its members, to negotiate better remunerations for agricultural productions, to transform farmers into real agricultural entrepreneurs.