Trots upprepade varningar om globala konsekvenser till följd av utsläpp av växthusgaser fortsätter dessa att öka i världen. Huvudsakligen kommer växthusgasutsläpp från förbränning av fossila bränslen, något som enbart i Europa är källan till över hälften av all elproduktion. Att endast byta ut de fossila bränslena mot miljövänliga alternativ skulle ta lång tid, därför ligger mycket fokus även på energibesparingar. Hushållens elanvändning är en viktig sektor där mycket forskning utförts, här ingår bland annat elanvändningen för diskmaskiner där flertalet alternativa tekniker för minskad elanvändning tagits fram. Diskmaskiner med ångtillförsel i fördiskstadiet är en sådan teknik som finns ute på marknaden i dagsläget. Vissa diskmaskinstillverkare hävdar att ångans egenskaper gör att ånga kan användas som glansmedel i diskmaskiner. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka om det ligger någon sanning bakom dessa tillverkares påståenden angående ånga som alternativ till spolglans. Bra glans på diskgods är viktigt för konsumenter då glansigt diskgods upplevs som ”skinande rent”. Det finns dessutom en elbesparingspotential i att använda ånga. Tillförs ånga vid rätt fas i diskprocessen skulle det också kunna ersätta uppvärmningen av vatten i den avslutande sköljningen, något som står för en stor del av diskmaskinens elanvändning. Ångans spridning, sluttemperatur vid ångtillförsel och ångappliceringstid är faktorer vars inverkan undersöks i studien. Denna studie har mestadels utgjorts av praktiska försök. För att säkerställa vilka parametrar som påverkar glans har tester utförts med hela diskcykler. Diskmaskinen som använts är en Asko D5434 och diskmaskinens styrkort har programmerats särskilt för dessa tester. Normalprogrammet användes som diskprogram under denna studie ty det användes vid diskmaskinens energimärkning. Normalprogrammet har omprogrammerats bland annat så att uppvärmning i den avslutande sköljningen uteblir. Inför varje test har omgivningens temperatur och relativa fuktighet noterats, ett medelvärde på kranvattnets vattenhårdhet har testats fram och en viss mängd diskmedel har uppmätts till varje test. Fem olika typer av diskgods, samtliga i glas, har använts som testobjekt och efter avslutad diskning har diskgodsets glans bedömts med hjälp av en ljuslåda. För produktion av ånga har en eller två ånggeneratorer använts. Under testerna har temperaturen i diskmaskinen registrerats och både elanvändning och vattenförbrukning har noterats. För att ha något att jämföra med utfördes referenstester med det vanliga normalprogrammet med spolglans vars resultat använts som utgångspunkt. Enligt studiens resultat kan ånga användas som glansmedel då det till och med ger bättre glans än spolglans. Klart är också att det är viktigt för spridningen vart i diskmaskinen ångan tillförs och att det finns ett samband mellan glans och ångappliceringstid. Under studiens gång gjordes vissa upptäckter gällande det omprogrammerade normalprogrammets resursanvändning, därav beräknades justerade värden för vatten- och elanvändning för att en mer rättvis jämförelse med referensvärdena skulle kunna göras. Enligt dessa värden kommer vattenförbrukningen att öka något om ånga skulle börja användas i normalprogrammet. Däremot visar de justerade värdena att diskmaskinens elanvändning kan minskas mycket om ånga används för att höja temperaturen innan torkfasen istället för diskmaskinens element. Bortsett från att vara bra för glans kan vissa andra fördelar med ånga konstateras. Att eliminera spolglans från diskprocessen minskar mängden kemikalier som släpps ut i naturen och skulle normalprogrammet med ånga programmeras på rätt sätt kan elanvändningen för diskmaskiner minskas. Vidare forskning rekommenderas också för ångans effekt på torkning på diskgods. / Despite repeated warnings regarding the global consequences of greenhouse gas emissions, they continue to increase worldwide. The main carbon dioxide emissions derive from combustion of fossil fuels, which in Europe alone is the source of over half the electricity production. To just replace the fossil fuels with green alternatives would take too long, thus, a lot of focus has been directed at electricity savings as well. The electricity usage of the households is an important sector where a lot of research has been conducted and amongst other things, this includes the electricity usage for dishwashers where a number of alternative technologies for lessened electricity usage have been developed. Dishwashers with steam injection in the pre-wash stage is one of those technologies that is available on the market today. Some dishwasher manufacturers claim that the attributes of steam makes it suitable as a rinse aid in dishwashers. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether or not there is any truth to the manufacturers claim regarding steam as an alternative to ordinary rinse aid. A nice gloss on dishes is important to consumers since glossy dishes are perceived as “spotlessly clean”. There is also an electricity savings potential in the use of steam. If steam is injected in the right phase during the dishing process, steam could replace the heating of water in the final rinse stage, which is a major part of the dishwashers’ electricity usage. The distribution of steam, the final temperature after steam injection and steam injection time are factors whose impact this study will examine. In this study, mostly practical tests have been conducted. To ensure which parameters will affect the gloss the tests have been conducted with whole dish cycles. The dishwasher that has been used is an Asko D5434, and the dishwashers’ control card has been programmed especially for these tests. The Normal wash program was the dish program used during this study since it was used during the energy labelling of the dishwasher. The Normal wash program has been reprogrammed so that there will be no heating of the water in the final rinse stage. Before each test the temperature and relative humidity of the surroundings have been noted, an average value for the water hardness has been calculated and a certain amount of detergent has been measured for every test. Five different types of dishes all made of glass, have been used as test subjects and after each test the dishes glossiness have been assessed with a light box. For the production of steam, either one or two steam generators have been used. During the tests the temperature in the dishwasher has been registered and both the electricity usage and the water usage have been noted. For the sake of comparison, reference tests were conducted with the ordinary Normal wash program and rinse aid. According to the results of the study, steam can be used as rinse aid as it is even better for gloss than ordinary rinse aid. Clearly, it is important for the distribution of steam where in the dishwasher steam is injected and there is also a connection between gloss and steam injection time. During the course of the study, certain discoveries where made regarding the reprogrammed Normal wash programs’ usage of water and electricity. Hence, adjusted values were calculated in order to provide a fair comparison with the results from the reference tests. According to the adjusted values, the water usage with steam injections will increase somewhat if steam were to be used in the Normal wash program. However, the adjusted values show that the dishwashers’ electricity usage can be greatly reduced if steam is to be used to raise the temperature before the drying phase instead of the dishwashers’ radiator. Aside from providing nice gloss, there are other advantages as well with steam. To eliminate the usage of ordinary rinse aid will decrease the amount of chemicals released into the environment and should the Normal wash program with steam be reprogrammed correctly, a lot of electricity could be saved. Further research regarding steams’ impact on drying dishes is recommended.

This project has been made in cooperation with Stora Enso Research Centre Falun (Research). Thebackground of the project is that Research has customers who demand a method to measure the quantityof varnish online in offset printing. The aim with the project is to investigate if any test method correlateswith the quantity of varnish and to improve the understanding of the variables in the varnishingunit. The goal with the project is to develop a functional method. Two printing trials have beenperformed. The aim with the first trial was to investigate how different factors in the printer influencedthe quantity of varnish using reduced factoranalysis. The aim of the second trial was to analyse onlya reduced numbers of factors in the varnishing unit. The methods that were used to measure the varnishingquantity are weighing, IR-analysis, gloss, whiteness and brightness. Results from the projectshow that the weighing method does not work in this study due to basis weight variations of the sheets.The results from weighing did not agree with the results from the other methods. On the other handthere is a strong correation between the IR- and the glossmethods.

This degree project was performed at M-real Technology Centre in Örnsköldsvik. The perpose was to investigate thedifferences in gloss and gloss variations between chemical and ground toner and different paper grades in electrophotographicprints. Gloss is a property that gives the impression of a higher quality of a product. Therefore it is of great importance toaccomplish high gloss in advertising print.A test chart was printed on three different uncoated paper grades on three different printers. Thereafter, gloss, glossvariation, surface topography, print mottle and density were measured. A visual evalution was also performed. A multivariateanalysis was acheived of the data in order to find correlations between the measured variations.The results showed that paper grades with large surface roughness gave more variations in surface topography and glossvariations (both visual and measured) in print. A rough surface also gave more print mottle. Ground toner gave moresurface topography variations and mottle which increased with the amount of silicone used.

This study is focused on a bacular development in Microtus arvalis, histological sections in two species of voles for the detection of a presence of os clitoridis, and description of an os clitoridis in Sciurus vulgaris. in the last part, there is the penile morphology and bacular structure of one species of African mole rat (Heliophobius argenteocinereus) described.

No description available.

Submitted by Verônica Esteves (vevenesteves@gmail.com) on 2017-09-22T12:07:34Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Caracterização histomorfométrica e esteriológica das fibras ... (dissertação - Filipe Moreira de Andrade).pdf: 755223 bytes, checksum: fd1e41efdcbec772c4c1b66378c0acbf (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Verônica Esteves (vevenesteves@gmail.com) on 2017-09-22T12:08:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Caracterização histomorfométrica e esteriológica das fibras ... (dissertação - Filipe Moreira de Andrade).pdf: 755223 bytes, checksum: fd1e41efdcbec772c4c1b66378c0acbf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-22T12:08:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Caracterização histomorfométrica e esteriológica das fibras ... (dissertação - Filipe Moreira de Andrade).pdf: 755223 bytes, checksum: fd1e41efdcbec772c4c1b66378c0acbf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Departamento de Medicina e Enfermagem / A matriz extracelular é elemento essencial à função peniana, podendo ser acometida por doenças locais ou sistêmicas, embora pouco seja conhecido em relação aos seus componentes na glande peniana humana. Nesse trabalho foi realizado um estudo detalhado da organização morfológica e densidade volumétrica (Vv) das fibras do sistema elástico em glandes penianas de homens jovens saudáveis. Foram obtidos fragmentos de glande peniana de 5 (cinco) indivíduos jovens falecidos de causas não relacionadas ao sistema urogenital, com idade entre 18 e 30 anos (média: 24 anos). Os espécimes foram fixados em formalina, embebidos em parafina e processados histologicamente. As fibras do sistema elástico foram avaliadas sob microscopia óptica usando a técnica de coloração da resorcina-fucsina de Weigert após prévia oxidação pela oxona. Estudos morfométricos foram realizados através do método de contagem de pontos. A análise quantitativa foi expressa (% média) como densidade volumétrica (Vv) através da análise em 25 campos aleatórios para cada espécime. Verificou-se que os constituintes do tecido conjuntivo, em especial fibras do sistema elástico, foram abundantes. Uma rede irregular de fibras do sistema elástico é distribuída sob a mucosa da glande peniana. As fibras do sistema elástico apresentaram uma disposição longitudinal no corpo esponjoso e um perfil tortuoso envolvendo sinúsóides da glande. A Vv das fibras do sistema elástico na glande peniana é de 29.4% ±3.1. Os dados devem prover informação a ser avaliada em relação a disfunções eréteis, doenças endócrinas e envelhecimento. Os resultados apresentados fornecem subsídios para posteriores investigações em relação à matriz extracelular por métodos de estereologia / The extracellular matrix is a key element in penile function and pathology, yet little is known of its components in human glans. Herein we carried out a detailed study of all the factors that play a part in the morphological organization and volumetric density (Vv) of elastic fibers in the glans penis of young healthy men. Penile glans were obtained from 5 young men died of causes no related to the urogenital tract, between the age of 18 and 30 (mean = 24). Samples were fixed in formaline, embedded in paraffin, and histologically processed. The elastic system fibers were evaluated at light microscopy by using Weigert’s resorcin-fuchsin technique after previous oxidation with oxone. Morphometric studies were performed by the point-counting method. Quantities were expressed (%mean) as volumetric densities (Vv) and were determined on 25 random fields for each individual. Connective tissue elements, mainly elastic system fibers, were abundant. These fibers often had a tortuous profile and surrounded sinusoids in the glans penis. An irregular elastic fibers network was distributed beneath the glans penis mucosa, on the other hand, underneath the mucosa, the elastic fibers were observed longitudinal at corpus spongiosum. The Vv of the elastic system fibers in the glans penis is 29.4% ±3.1. The data should therefore provide important information for drawing parallels over patients with erectile dysfunction and alterations regarding endocrine diseases and aging. The results reported herein provide the base for continuous investigations on extracellular matrix by stereology

No description available.

Submitted by Ana Lúcia Torres (bfmhuap@gmail.com) on 2017-09-25T19:01:03Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Caracterização histomorfométrica e esteriológica das fibras ... (dissertação - Filipe Moreira de Andrade).pdf: 755223 bytes, checksum: fd1e41efdcbec772c4c1b66378c0acbf (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Lúcia Torres (bfmhuap@gmail.com) on 2017-09-25T19:01:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Caracterização histomorfométrica e esteriológica das fibras ... (dissertação - Filipe Moreira de Andrade).pdf: 755223 bytes, checksum: fd1e41efdcbec772c4c1b66378c0acbf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-25T19:01:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Caracterização histomorfométrica e esteriológica das fibras ... (dissertação - Filipe Moreira de Andrade).pdf: 755223 bytes, checksum: fd1e41efdcbec772c4c1b66378c0acbf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Departamento de Medicina e Enfermagem / A matriz extracelular é elemento essencial à função peniana, podendo ser acometida por doenças locais ou sistêmicas, embora pouco seja conhecido em relação aos seus componentes na glande peniana humana. Nesse trabalho foi realizado um estudo detalhado da organização morfológica e densidade volumétrica (Vv) das fibras do sistema elástico em glandes penianas de homens jovens saudáveis. Foram obtidos fragmentos de glande peniana de 5 (cinco) indivíduos jovens falecidos de causas não relacionadas ao sistema urogenital, com idade entre 18 e 30 anos (média: 24 anos). Os espécimes foram fixados em formalina, embebidos em parafina e processados histologicamente. As fibras do sistema elástico foram avaliadas sob microscopia óptica usando a técnica de coloração da resorcina-fucsina de Weigert após prévia oxidação pela oxona. Estudos morfométricos foram realizados através do método de contagem de pontos. A análise quantitativa foi expressa (% média) como densidade volumétrica (Vv) através da análise em 25 campos aleatórios para cada espécime. Verificou-se que os constituintes do tecido conjuntivo, em especial fibras do sistema elástico, foram abundantes. Uma rede irregular de fibras do sistema elástico é distribuída sob a mucosa da glande peniana. As fibras do sistema elástico apresentaram uma disposição longitudinal no corpo esponjoso e um perfil tortuoso envolvendo sinúsóides da glande. A Vv das fibras do sistema elástico na glande peniana é de 29.4% ±3.1. Os dados devem prover informação a ser avaliada em relação a disfunções eréteis, doenças endócrinas e envelhecimento. Os resultados apresentados fornecem subsídios para posteriores investigações em relação à matriz extracelular por métodos de estereologia / The extracellular matrix is a key element in penile function and pathology, yet little is known of its components in human glans. Herein we carried out a detailed study of all the factors that play a part in the morphological organization and volumetric density (Vv) of elastic fibers in the glans penis of young healthy men. Penile glans were obtained from 5 young men died of causes no related to the urogenital tract, between the age of 18 and 30 (mean = 24). Samples were fixed in formaline, embedded in paraffin, and histologically processed. The elastic system fibers were evaluated at light microscopy by using Weigert’s resorcin-fuchsin technique after previous oxidation with oxone. Morphometric studies were performed by the point-counting method. Quantities were expressed (%mean) as volumetric densities (Vv) and were determined on 25 random fields for each individual. Connective tissue elements, mainly elastic system fibers, were abundant. These fibers often had a tortuous profile and surrounded sinusoids in the glans penis. An irregular elastic fibers network was distributed beneath the glans penis mucosa, on the other hand, underneath the mucosa, the elastic fibers were observed longitudinal at corpus spongiosum. The Vv of the elastic system fibers in the glans penis is 29.4% ±3.1. The data should therefore provide important information for drawing parallels over patients with erectile dysfunction and alterations regarding endocrine diseases and aging. The results reported herein provide the base for continuous investigations on extracellular matrix by stereology

A morfogênese das glândulas salivares envolve eventos complexos e coordenados, dependentes da interação epitélio-mesênquima e do microambiente. Fatores de crescimento coordenam vários desses processos biológicos e o fator transformador de crescimento-beta (TGF-) mostra-se relevante. Utilizando imunoistoquímica e imunofluorescência, a distribuição do TGF-1, 2 e 3 foi mapeada e sua expressão comparada com a expressão de marcadores de maturação em glândulas salivares humanas obtidas de fetos que tinham entre 4ª e 24ª semanas de vida intra-uterina. O TGF-1 foi detectado durante a fase pseudoglandular no mesênquima. Nas outras etapas da diferenciação glandular esse fator foi expresso no citoplasma das células acinares até a glândula salivar adulta. O TGF-2 foi detectado desde o estágio de botão inicial da glândula salivar. Sua expressão foi observada nas células ductais e sua presença aumentada ao longo da diferenciação glandular. O TGF-3 foi visto durante a fase pseudoglandular das glândulas salivares, inicialmente fraco nas células ductais e foi o único detectado em células mioepiteliais. A troca de subunidades de TGF- durante a maturação das glândulas salivares sugere mudanças estimuladas durante os complexos estágios de desenvolvimento dessas glândulas. O presente estudo reafirma essa evidência, e mostra que as subunidades do TGF- são fatores importantes durante a diferenciação de glândulas salivares. / Morphogenesis of salivary glands involves complex coordinated events. Synchronization between cell proliferation, polarization and differentiation, which are dependent on epithelialmesenchymal interactions and on the microenvironment, is a requirement. Growth factors mediate many of these orchestrated biological processes and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF- ) appears to be relevant. Using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, we have mapped the distribution of TGF- 1, 2 and 3 and compared it with the expression of maturation markers in human salivary glands obtained from fetuses ranging from weeks 4 to 24 of gestation. TGF- 1 first appeared during pseudoglandular stage in the surrounding mesenchyme and, in the more differentiated stages, was expressed in the cytoplasm of acinar cells throughout the adult gland. The TGF- 2 was detected since the bud initial stage of the salivary gland. Its expression was observed in ductal cells and increased along gland differentiation. The TGF- 3 was detected from the pseudoglandular stage of the salivary gland, being weakly expressed on ductal cells, and it was the only factor detected on myoepithelial cells. The data suggest that TGF- have a role to play in salivary gland development and differentiation.

A morfogênese das glândulas salivares envolve eventos complexos e coordenados, dependentes da interação epitélio-mesênquima e do microambiente. Fatores de crescimento coordenam vários desses processos biológicos e o fator transformador de crescimento-beta (TGF-) mostra-se relevante. Utilizando imunoistoquímica e imunofluorescência, a distribuição do TGF-1, 2 e 3 foi mapeada e sua expressão comparada com a expressão de marcadores de maturação em glândulas salivares humanas obtidas de fetos que tinham entre 4ª e 24ª semanas de vida intra-uterina. O TGF-1 foi detectado durante a fase pseudoglandular no mesênquima. Nas outras etapas da diferenciação glandular esse fator foi expresso no citoplasma das células acinares até a glândula salivar adulta. O TGF-2 foi detectado desde o estágio de botão inicial da glândula salivar. Sua expressão foi observada nas células ductais e sua presença aumentada ao longo da diferenciação glandular. O TGF-3 foi visto durante a fase pseudoglandular das glândulas salivares, inicialmente fraco nas células ductais e foi o único detectado em células mioepiteliais. A troca de subunidades de TGF- durante a maturação das glândulas salivares sugere mudanças estimuladas durante os complexos estágios de desenvolvimento dessas glândulas. O presente estudo reafirma essa evidência, e mostra que as subunidades do TGF- são fatores importantes durante a diferenciação de glândulas salivares. / Morphogenesis of salivary glands involves complex coordinated events. Synchronization between cell proliferation, polarization and differentiation, which are dependent on epithelialmesenchymal interactions and on the microenvironment, is a requirement. Growth factors mediate many of these orchestrated biological processes and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF- ) appears to be relevant. Using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, we have mapped the distribution of TGF- 1, 2 and 3 and compared it with the expression of maturation markers in human salivary glands obtained from fetuses ranging from weeks 4 to 24 of gestation. TGF- 1 first appeared during pseudoglandular stage in the surrounding mesenchyme and, in the more differentiated stages, was expressed in the cytoplasm of acinar cells throughout the adult gland. The TGF- 2 was detected since the bud initial stage of the salivary gland. Its expression was observed in ductal cells and increased along gland differentiation. The TGF- 3 was detected from the pseudoglandular stage of the salivary gland, being weakly expressed on ductal cells, and it was the only factor detected on myoepithelial cells. The data suggest that TGF- have a role to play in salivary gland development and differentiation.