Orientador: Sony Dimas Bicudo / Banca: Daniel Bartoli de Sousa / Banca: Cezinande Meira / Resumo: Objetivou-se determinar in vitro o efeito da adição de antioxidantes Trolox® e Catalase ao diluidor Glicina-Gema-Leite com 5% de gema de ovo, utilizado na refrigeração do sêmen caprino em sistema de Equitainer® por 24 ou 48 horas, avaliando-se a motilidade espermática determinada no sistema computadorizado (CASA), a integridade de membrana plasmática pela combinação dos corantes fluorescente iodeto de propídio e diacetato de carboxifluoresceína (IP+DIC), patologia espermática em câmara úmida em solução de gluteraldeído e após a refrigeração ao teste de exaustão em banho-maria (37ºC até 240 minutos). Para isso foi utilizado o sêmen em duplicata (12 amostras) de 6 caprinos Boer, coletados com vagina artificial e diluído na concentração final de 400x106 espermatozóides/mL em meio Glicose-Leite (GL) e nos diluidores Glicina-Gema-Leite com (GGLtc) e sem (GGL) antioxidantes Trolox® e Catalase. As análises foram realizadas no sêmen fresco, após diluição (pré-refrigeração), 24 e 48 horas pós-refrigeração no sistema Equitainer®, e durante o teste de exaustão nos tempos 30, 60, 120 e 240 minutos de incubação em banho-maria. Foi demonstrado que o diluidor GGLtc demonstrou melhor eficiência na proteção de acrossomo entre os diluidores. A adição de antioxidante ao diluidor GGL com 5% de gema de ovo foi capaz de manter baixo percentual de acrossomo lesado durante a refrigeração de até 48 horas e o sistema Equitainer® eficiente durante a refrigeração até 48 horas / Abstract: The objetive was to determine in vitro the effect of adding antioxidant Trolox® and Catalase in the extender Glycine-Yolk-Milk with 5% of egg yolk, used in the goat semen cooling in Equitainer® system for 24 or 48 hours, evaluating sperm motility determined by the computerized semen analysis (CASA), the integrity of the plasma membrane by a combination of fluorescent carboxyfluorescein diacetato(DIC) and propidium iodide(IP), sperm pathology in the humid chamber in gluteraldehyde solution and after cooling to the exhaustion test in a water bath (37°C up to 240 minutes). For the semen that was used in duplicate (12 samples) for six Boer goats, collected with artificial vagina and diluted at a final concentration of 400x106 sperm/mL using extenders Glucose-Milk (GL) and Glycine-Yolk-Milk (GGLtc) and without (GGL) antioxidant Trolox® and Catalase. Analyses were performed in fresh semen, after diluition (pre-cooling) and 24 or 48 hours post cooling in Equitainer® system, and during the exhaustion test incubation in a water bath for 30, 60, 120 and 240 minutes. It has been shown that the extender GGLtc showed better efficiency in protection acrossome between the extenders. The addition of antioxidant in the GGL with 5% egg yolk (GGLtc) was able to maintain a low percentage of damaged acrossome during cooling up to 48 hours and the Equitainer® system during the cooling efficiency up to 48 hours / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:36:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GilDF.pdf: 614986 bytes, checksum: d1c9bd0c9c48f246603e34c3399c231b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-06-28 / Goat breeding in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil has promising economic possibilities, with the proper handling of the natural resources. The introduction of specialized animals has been one of the ways used to improve herd genetics and increase productivity. However, climate has been one of the regional factors that most interferes with the adaptation of the new genetic prevalence resulting from the introduction of exotic breeds, because in their country of origin, the air temperature during most of the year is lower than the animals body temperature. With this in mind, the aim of this study was to characterize behavioral, physiological and morphological profiles and milk production of female Saanen goats belonging to different genetic groups raised in the semi-arid region of Rio Grande do Norte in Northeast Brazil. The study was conducted in the city of Lages (5? 42 00 S and 36? 14 41 W). We used 25 lactating female Saanen goats, distributed into 3 genetic groups: 5 purebred animals, 11 three-quarter bred and 9 half-bred. Behavioral observations were made over three consecutive days in the months of August and September, between 09:00 and 11:30h, when the animals were grazing. Physiological and meteorological data were recorded in the last three days of June, July, August and September at 05:00h and at 16:00h. In the semi-intensive breeding system, the animals from different genetic groups were similar in both field behavior and physiological response patterns. Although the purebred goats had longer hair, they did not show symptoms of thermal discomfort. Their white hair helped to reflect the short wavelength rays and thus eliminate those at the longer wave lengths. We concluded that the animals raised in the semi-intensive milk production system in this study seem to have adapted to the climatic conditions of the semi-arid region of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil / A caprinocultura do Rio Grande do Norte abrange grande possibilidade econ?mica, com o manejo adequado dos recursos naturais. A introdu??o de animais especializados tem sido uma das maneiras utilizadas para aumentar a produtividade introduzindo uma melhor gen?tica aos rebanhos. Todavia, o clima t?m sido um dos fatores regionais que mais interferem na adapta??o da nova preval?ncia gen?tica com a introdu??o de ra?as ex?ticas, pois em seus pa?ses de origem, geralmente, a temperatura do ar apresenta, na maior parte do ano, valores mais baixos que os do corpo do animal. Neste sentido, o objetivo de presente estudo foi caracterizar a atividade comportamental e perfis fisiol?gicas, morfol?gicas e o desempenho leiteiro de f?meas da ra?a caprina Saanen, pertencentes a diferentes grupos gen?ticos, criados no semi-?rido do Rio Grande do Norte. O trabalho foi conduzido no munic?pio de Lages nas coordenadas geogr?ficas de latitude 5? 42 00 Sul e longitude 36? 14 41 Oeste. Foram utilizadas 25 f?meas em lacta??o da ra?a Saanen, distribu?das em 3 grupos gen?ticos : 5 animais puros, 11 animais ? e 9 animais ?. As observa??es comportamentais foram realizadas durante tr?s dias consecutivos no m?s de agosto e no m?s de setembro, das 09:00 ?s 11:30 horas, per?odo o qual os animais ficavam no pasto. Os dados fisiol?gicos e meteorol?gicos foram registrados nos ?ltimos tr?s dias dos meses de junho, julho, agosto e setembro ?s 05:00 e ?s 16:00 horas. No sistema de cria??o semi-intensiva, os animais de diferentes grupos gen?ticos apresentaram padr?es semelhantes de comportamento em n?vel de campo e em rela??o ?s respostas fisiol?gicas. Quanto aos dados morfol?gicos, embora as cabras puras tenham apresentado p?los de maior comprimento, os animais n?o demonstraram sintomas de desconforto t?rmico. A cor branca do pelo contribuiu para a reflex?o dos raios de onda curta e, conseq?entemente, para a elimina??o dos raios de onda longa. Portanto, os animais criados no sistema semi-intensivo de produ??o de leite deste estudo parecem estar adaptados ?s condi??es clim?ticas do semi-?rido do Rio Grande do Norte

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / The objective was to evaluate the quantitative characteristics of longissimus muscle area (LMA) and subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) in vivo and in carcass of lambs and kids finished at feedlot. Before slaughter, were measured between the 12th and 13th thoracic vertebrae, with the use of ultrasound, the subcutaneous fat thickness (USFT) and longissimus muscle area (ULMA). Measures on the carcass of the longissimus muscle area (CLMA) and subcutaneous fat thickness (CSFT) were made using a millimeter ruler and pachymeter, respectively. In kids the measures in vivo and in carcass were made over the 3rd and 4th sternebrae and in the sternocostal cartilage between the 3rd and 4th sternebrae. Were used 20 crossbred lambs and 20 crossbred kids, non-castrated, being 10  Dorper x Santa InÃs (DxSI) lambs, 10  Dorper x Brazilian Somali (DxBS) lambs, 10  Savana x Without Defined Standard Breed (SxWDSB) kids and 10  Anglo-Nubian x Without Defined Standard Breed (AxWDSB) kids. The DxSI lambs were slaughtered at an average of 138 days of age with average weight of 43.7 kg whereas DxBS lambs were slaughtered with 32.0 kg at an 117 days of age, when both genetic groups reached approximately 3 mm of ultrasound subcutaneous fat thickness. The kids were slaughtered at an average of 197 days of age and body weight of 21.7 kg and 20.3 kg, for SxWDSB and AxWDSB genotypes, respectively. The data were analyzed under a completely randomized design with 4 genotypes and 10 repetitions each. The ULMA and CLMA were higher in lambs than in kids, being DxSI lambs (ULMA = 17.10cmÂ; CLMA = 17.78cmÂ) superior in relation to DxBS lambs (ULMA = 13.51 cmÂ; CLMA = 13. 91cmÂ), while in the kids the values were similar: SxWDSB (ULMA = 6.73 cmÂ; CLMA = 7.65 cmÂ) and AxWDSB (ULMA = 6.72 cmÂ; CLMA = 7.01 cmÂ). There were significant and positive correlations for ULMA and CLMA of lambs (0.75) and kids (0.86). Measures of USFT and CSFT in lambs also showed significant and positive correlation (0.51). In kids the depth of tissue over the 3rd and 4th sternebrae and sternocostal cartilage between the 3rd and 4th sternebrae measured in vivo and carcass showed no significant differences between both measurements in both genetic groups. There were significant and positive correlations between variables in the sternal region measured in vivo and in carcass. It was concluded that LMA is higher in lambs than in kids, indicating a superior muscular performance in lambs. The 3 mm USFT as desired slaughter criterion was reached only by lambs, indicating a greater precocity of ovine species. The use of ultrasound was an effective method to estimate LMA and SFT of lambs and LMA and the depth of the sternal tissues of kids. / Objetivou-se avaliar, as caracterÃsticas quantitativas de Ãrea de olho de lombo (AOL) e espessura de gordura subcutÃnea (EGS) in vivo e na carcaÃa de cordeiros e cabritos terminados em confinamento. Antes do abate, foram mensuradas entre a 12 e a 13 vÃrtebras torÃcicas com a utilizaÃÃo de ultrassom, a espessura de gordura subcutÃnea (EGSU) e a Ãrea de olho de lombo (AOLU). Na carcaÃa mensurou-se a Ãrea de olho de lombo (AOLC) e a espessura de gordura subcutÃnea (EGSC), atravÃs de uma rÃgua milimÃtrica e paquÃmetro, respectivamente. Nos caprinos mensurou-se, in vivo e na carcaÃa a espessura dos tecidos sobre a 3 esternÃbra, 4 esternÃbra e sobre a cartilagem esternocostal entre a 3 e 4 esternÃbras. Foram utilizados 20 cordeiros e 20 cabritos mestiÃos, machos nÃo castrados, sendo 10 cordeiros  Dorper x Santa InÃs (DxSI), 10 cordeiros  Dorper x Somalis Brasileiro (DxSB), 10 cabritos  Savana x SPRD (SxSPRD) e 10 cabritos  Anglo-Nubiana x SPRD (AxSPRD). Os cordeiros DxSI foram abatidos com idade mÃdia de 138 dias e peso corporal mÃdio de 43,75 kg, enquanto que os cordeiros DxSB apresentaram idade mÃdia de 117 dias e peso corporal mÃdio de 32,04 kg, quando alcanÃaram aproximadamente 3 mm de espessura de gordura subcutÃnea. Por sua vez, os cabritos foram abatidos com idade mÃdia de 197 dias e peso corporal mÃdio de 21,7 kg para os SxSPRD e 20,3 kg para os AxSPRD. Os dados obtidos foram analisados num delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 4 genÃtipos e 10 repetiÃÃes cada. A AOLU e AOLC foram maiores nos ovinos que nos caprinos, sendo dos cordeiros DxSI (AOLU = 17,10 cmÂ; AOLC = 17,78 cmÂ) superiores aos DxSB (AOLU = 13,51 cmÂ; AOLC = 13,91 cmÂ), enquanto nos cabritos foram similares: AxSPRD (AOLU = 6,73 cmÂ; AOLC = 7,65 cmÂ) e SxSPRD (AOLU = 6,72 cmÂ; AOLC = 7,01 cmÂ). Houve correlaÃÃes positivas e significativas para a AOLU e AOLC de cordeiros (0,75) e cabritos (0,86). As medidas de EGSU e EGSC de cordeiros tambÃm apresentaram correlaÃÃo positivas e significativas (0,51). Nos caprinos a profundidade dos tecidos sobre a 3 esternÃbra, 4 esternÃbra e sobre a cartilagem esternocostal entre a 3 e 4 esternÃbras mensuradas in vivo e na carcaÃa nÃo apresentaram diferenÃas significativas entre ambas as mediÃÃes em ambos os grupos genÃticos. Houve correlaÃÃes positivas e significativas entre as medidas mensuradas na regiÃo esternal in vivo e as mesmas na carcaÃa. Conclui-se que a AOL à maior em cordeiros do que em cabritos mesmo com idade inferior, indicando um desempenho muscular superior. A EGS desejada de aproximadamente 3 mm como critÃrio de abate foi atingida somente pelos ovinos, indicando maior precocidade de acabamento desta espÃcie. A utilizaÃÃo do ultrassom foi um mÃtodo eficaz para estimar AOL e EGS de cordeiros e AOL e a espessura dos tecidos esternais de cabritos.

This study investigated the effect of the Lactoperoxidase system (LPS) alone and in combination with pasteurisation, on the growth of Listeria monocytogenes (LM) ATTC 7644 in goat milk and goat milk cottage cheese during a shelf life of 10 days at 4 °C. Goat milk was inoculated with LM ATTC 7644 and divided into two samples, one the control and Lactoperoxidase (LP) was activated in the other sample. Both the control and LP activated samples were kept at ambient temperature for 6h. After 6h the control and LP activated samples were again divided into two and one of the respective samples was pasteurised at 72 °C for 15 s. All the four samples were analysed for LM ATTC 7644 immediately after LP activation at 0h, after 6h of LP activation and after pasteurisation. Goat milk cottage cheese was made with all four samples, i.e. control raw, control pasteurised, LP activated raw and LP activated pasteurised goat milk and analysed for LM ATTC 7644 on days 1, 2, 5, and 10. Six hours after LP activation the mean LM ATTC 7644 count for the LP activated milk decreased by log 0.5 cfu/ml where as the LM ATTC 7644 for the control increased by log 0.5 cfu/ml. The reduction of LM ATTC 7644 count in LP activated milk when compared to the control shows that goat milk lactoperoxidase is capable of reducing L. monocytogenes when stored at ambient temperatures. Furthermore, LM ATTC 7644 count in LP activated pasteurised goat milk decreased by log 1.1 cfu/ml more, compared to the control pasteurised goat milk. Therefore, pasteurisation together with LP activation may be more effective than pasteurisation alone in controlling the growth of L. monocytogenes in goat milk. For the control raw goat milk cottage cheese on day 10, the LM ATTC 7644 count was 90 % less than on first day of storage. The LP activated raw goat milk cottage cheese count followed a similar trend to the control raw goat milk cottage cheese, and reached levels of log 2.9 cfu/g on the last day of storage. The control pasteurised goat milk cottage cheese LM ATTC 7644 count on day 10 was 92 % lower compared to day 1 where as the LP activated pasteurised goat milk cottage cheese LM ATTC 7644 count was 98 % less than on day 1. The results of this study indicate that the activation of the LPS significantly (p≤0.05) decreased the LM ATTC 7644 count in goat milk, during a period of 6h. Combined pasteurisation and LP activation had a synergistic effect on the LM ATTC 7644 count in goat milk. The LM ATTC 7644 count declined in cottage cheese made from both control and LP activated goat milk. A greater decrease was observed in LP activated pasteurised goat milk cottage cheese over the storage period of 10 days at 4 °C. This combination may be used to reduce the multiplication of LM ATTC 7644 for production of safer products like goat milk and goat milk cottage cheese. / Dissertation (M Inst Agrar (Food Production and Processing))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Food Science / M Inst Agrar / unrestricted

With increasing meat goat production in the United States, it is necessary to examine carcass composition and quality parameters of goats at various stages of growth. In this study, intact male Boer and Kiko Goats (n = 48) were harvested after 0, 4, 8, or 12 wk on feed. Increased feeding duration led to increased final live and carcass weight, and increased dressing percent. Leg and shoulder circumferences and body wall thickness increased, but 12th rib fat and Longissimus muscle area did not change across all feeding durations. Percent carcass fat increased and percent bone decreased, but percent muscle did not differ across feeding durations. Boer carcasses were composed of more fat and less muscle than Kiko carcasses. Increased feeding duration increased the weight of all primal cuts, but also increased the percentage of fat in the shoulder, breast, rack, loin, sirloin, leg, hindshank, ribs, neck, and trim. Shoulder composition produced the strongest correlations with entire side composition compared to all other primal cuts and may be useful for predicting carcass composition. Increasing feeding duration led to decreased Warner-Bratzler shear force of Longissimus, Semitendinosus, and Infraspinatus muscles, suggesting that cold shortening may have caused toughening of these muscles in smaller, leaner carcasses. Entire boneless carcass sides were ground, mixed, and formed into patties to evaluate cook loss, texture profile analysis, and descriptive sensory characteristics. Increasing feeding duration increased percent fat and decreased moisture in raw ground meat, but breed and feeding duration did not affect cook loss. Springiness, hardness, and cohesiveness were not affected by breed or feeding duration. Increased feeding duration increased aroma intensity and goaty, bloody, musty, and liver/organy aromas; salty, bitter, umami, grassy, goaty, fat, liver/organy, metallic, earthy, and chemical tastes; and juiciness and oiliness, while decreasing chewiness and crumbliness. Results indicate that younger, smaller goats produced leaner carcasses with less intense aroma and flavor attributes, however muscles from smaller carcasses may be tougher.

No description available.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this study, the effects of energy content of the feedlot diet as well as the length of the production period were investigated for Boer goat slaughter kids. The kids were housed in individual pens on the Elsenburg experimental farm, Western Cape, South Africa. Boer goat castrate kids were weaned at approximately 18 weeks of age (weighing 22.2 ± 3.5 kg) and were randomly allocated to one of three trial diets that varied in energy content; namely a low, medium and high energy diet (11.3, 12.0 and 12.7 MJ ME/ kg feed respectively) which were supplied ad libitum. The goats were further randomly allocated to one of five slaughter groups that were slaughtered at five week intervals at a commercial abattoir. The first group of goats was slaughtered at the start of the trial in order to serve as a baseline reference. During the study the effects of dietary energy content, and time spent in the feedlot were investigated for the feedlot production and slaughter characteristics of Boer goat kids. Additionally the effect of the energy content of the feedlot diets on the sensory and chemical properties of goat meat were evaluated. During the production period individual feed intake and live weight gain were monitored on a weekly basis. It was observed that live weight of the goats increased throughout the production period. Quadratic functions were used to describe the change in average daily gain and dry matter intake of the goats during the feeding period. Goats that were fed the low and medium energy diets exhibited higher daily gains (P= 0.02) and dry matter intakes (P< 0.01) than goats on the high energy diets. Dietary energy content and age of the animal in the feedlot did not influence the feed conversion ratio to produce a unit of live weight. A linear function was used to model the growth of the goats during this production period. The goats were not able to reach the point of inflection on the growth curve. Therefore the sigmoidal growth curve could not be plotted which could have been modelled by a function similar to the Gompertz model. Dressing percentages of the carcasses varied throughout the production period for all the diets, with goats on the low energy diet having the lowest dressing percentage (45.8%; P= 0.04). The energy content of the trial diets had no effect on the yield of the offal components and retail cuts of the carcass. Generally it was observed that the yields of the hindquarter and neck cuts decreased whilst that of the forequarter increased with the age of the goats at slaughter. The degree of carcass fatness increased with time spent in the feedlot, with the majority of fat being deposited in the abdominal cavity, rather than in the subcutaneous fat depot. Dietary energy content was expected to influence the levels of intramuscular fat, which in turn would affect the eating quality of the meat. However, the levels of energy in the diets fed to goats did not influence the tenderness, juiciness or the aroma and flavour profiles of the goat meat as observed during descriptive sensory analysis of the meat by a trained panel. Chemical analysis of the cooked meat samples also showed that the levels of intramuscular fat did not vary between the samples, resulting in the lack of differences detected between treatments in the sensory evaluation. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie studie is die effek van die energie-inhoud van die voerkraal dieet, tesame met die lengte van die produksie tydperk, vir Boerbok lammers ondersoek. Die lammers is in individuele kampies gehuisves op die Elsenburg proefplaas, Wes- Kaap, Suid-Afrika. Die gekastreerde Boerbok lammers is gespeen op ’n ouderdom van ongeveer 18 weke (gewig van 22.2 ± 3.5 kg) en is ewekansig toegewys aan een van die drie proefdiëte waarvan die energie-inhoud gewissel het; naamlik 'n lae, medium en hoë-energie dieet (11.3, 12.0 en 12.7 MJ ME / kg voer onderskeidelik) wat ad libitum verskaf is. Die bokke is verder lukraak toegewys aan een van vyf slag groepe, wat met vyf weke tussenposes by ’n kommersiële abattoir geslag is. Die eerste groep bokke is aan die begin van die proef geslag om sodoende as basislyn verwysing te dien. Tydens die studie is die effek van die verskil in energie-inhoud van die dieet en die tyd wat in die voerkraal gespandeer is, op die voerkraal produksie en slag eienskappe van die Boerbok lammers ondersoek. Daarbenewens is die effek van die verskil in energie-inhoud van die voerkraal dieet op die sensoriese en chemiese eienskappe van bokvleis geëvalueer. Tydens die produksie periode is individuele voerinname en liggaamsgewig toename op ’n weeklikse basis gemonitor. Dit is waargeneem dat die liggaamsgewig van die bokke tydens die hele produksie tydperk toegeneem het. Kwadratiese funksies is gebruik om die verandering in die gemiddelde daaglikse toename tydens die voerperiode, sowel as die droëmateriaal inname van die bokke te beskryf. Bokke wat die lae en medium-energie diëte gevoer is, het hoër daaglikse toenames (P = 0.02) en droë materiaal inname (P< 0.01) as bokke op die hoë-energie dieet getoon. Die voeromset verhouding benodig om ’n eenheid lewendige gewig te produseer is nie beïnvloed deur die energie-inhoud van die dieet, of die ouderdom van die bokke in die voerkraal nie. ’n Lineêre funksie is toegepas om die groei van die bokke gedurende die produksie tydperk te modelleer. Die groei van die bokke kon nie die infleksiepunt van die groeikurwe bereik nie. Dus kon die sigmoïdale groeikurwe nie getrek word nie, wat deur ’n funksie soortgelyk aan die Gompertz model gemodelleer kon word. Uitslag persentasies van die karkasse het l regdeur die produksie tydperk varieër vir al die diëte; bokke op die lae-energie dieet het die laagste uitslagpersentasie gehad (45.8%; P = 0.04). Die energie-inhoud van die proefdiëte het geen effek op die opbrengs van die afval komponente en handelsnitte van die karkasse gehad nie. Oorhoofs is dit waargeneem dat die opbrengs van die agterkwart en neksnitte afgeneem het, terwyl dié van die voorkwart toegeneem het met slag ouderdom. Die vetheidsgraad van die karkas het toegeneem met tyd spandeer in die voerkraal, met die meerderheid van die vet gedeponeer in die buikholte, eerder as in die onderhuidse vetlaag. Daar is verwag dat die energie-inhoud van die dieet die vlakke van binnespierse vet sal beïnvloed, wat op sy beurt ‘n effek op die eetkwaliteit van die vleis sal hê.. Teenstrydig met verwagtinge het die vlakke van energie in die dieet van die bokke geen invloed gehad op die sagtheid, sappigheid of die aroma en geur profiele van bokvleis nie, soos waargeneem deur middel van beskrywende sintuiglike analise van die vleis deur 'n opgeleide paneele. Chemiese ontleding van die gaar vleismonsters het ook geen verskillein die vlakke van binnespierse vet tussen die verskillende monsters getoon nie, wat gelei het tot daar geen verskille tussen die behandelings in die sensoriese evaluasie waargeneem is nie.

Na caprinocultura leiteira existe hoje uma demanda de produtos maior que a produção no nosso país, isso torna a atividade promissora e com isso tornan-se importantes os estudos em torno desta cadeia em expansão. O presente trabalho trata da qualidade do leite caprino e sanidade do úbere, este, foi conduzido em cinco fases. Na primeira, observou-se o comportamento ingestivo em dois grupos de cabras Saanen, em sistema confinado de produção. O primeiro grupo recebeu alimentação com 2% de extrato etéreo e o segundo, ração comercial com 5% de extrato etéreo, a base de óleo de arroz. Os animais foram observados quanto à ingestão de concentrado, feno e água, descanso, ruminação, briga e curiosidades, pelo período de 4 horas a partir do momento da oferta de alimento. Verificou-se tendência à ingestão de concentrado nos primeiros 10 minutos de observação e, a partir desta, preferência pelo feno, o que resultou em maior tempo médio (>70%) despendido na ingestão de feno, nos dois grupos. Observou-se ausência de sobras de ração no cocho. Os animais apresentaram diferença significativa de comportamento somente quanto à ruminação. Na segunda fase do trabalho, avaliou-se o comportamento social de 15 cabras Saanen em sistema confinado de produção. As observações de aproximação, agressão ou indiferença foram realizadas em intervalos de 10 minutos, pelo período de 8 horas após reagrupamento, e a produção de leite foi pesada no dia do reagrupamento, no dia seguinte e uma semana após. Observou-se que, com o passar do tempo, as atividades de agressão diminuíram e as de aproximação aumentaram sendo que a produção de leite apresentou decréscimo contínuo ao longo do período de observação. Na terceira fase, observou-se o comportamento ingestivo e social de 31 cabras Saanen e Anglo-nubiana em sistema semi-extensivo de produção. Os animais foram observados nos períodos de não estabulamento em mata nativa e em pastagem cultivada. Determinou-se diferença significativa na estação de pastejo entre raças, sendo que as fêmeas Saanen demonstraram tendência à alimentar-se em detrimento da seleção de alimentos. Observou-se inexistência de agressões no comportamento social dos animais neste sistema de produção. Na quarta fase, avaliou-se a qualidade do leite individual de cabras Saanen e Anglo-nubiana através do California Mastits Test (CMT) e o exame bacteriológico de amostras do leite individualizadas por teta, em todos os animais em lactação no momento da coleta. Não se observou a ocorrência de mastite clínica no período; entretanto, verificou-se isolamento bacteriano em 47 (34,5%) das amostras de leite sendo que apenas 11 (8,1%) destas foram consideradas com mastite sub-clínica. Na quinta fase, foi avaliada a ação do resfriamento e congelamento sobre as características físico-químicas e microbiológicas do leite de mistura de cabras. Determinou-se tendência ao aumento na concentração de proteínas e à diminuição na concentração de sólidos totais e contagem de células somáticas no leite após congelamento. / In the dairy goat there is today a greater demand for products than the production in our country, this makes it a promising activity and thus there are important studies in this expanding chain. This work deals whit the quality of goat milk and udder healt and this was conducted in five phases. At first, it was observed the feeding behavior in two groups of Saanen goats, in a contained system of production. The first group received feed with 2% ether extract and the second, commercial diets with 5% ether extract with oil-based rice. The animals were observed in the ingestion of concentrate, hay and water, resting, ruminating, fight and curiosities, for a period of 4 hours from the time the supply of food. There was a tendency for the ingestion of concentrate in the first 10 minutes of observation, and then, a preference for hay, which resulted in longer average duration (> 70%) spent on hay ingestion in both groups. It was observed absence of leftover feed in the trough. The animals showed a significant difference in behavior only in terms of rumination. In the second phase of work, it was evaluated the social behavior of 15 Saanen goats in confined system of production. Observations approach, aggression and indifference were taken every 10 minutes during 8 hours after the reunification, and milk production was weighed on the day of reunification, the next day and one week later. It was observed that in the following daysi the activities of aggression decreased and increased the approach even if the milk production had slowed over the period of observation. In the third phase, it was observed the feeding behavior and social of 31 Saanen and Anglo-Nubian in semi-extensive system of production. The animals were observed in periods of not stable in the native forest and pasture. It was determined a significant difference in the grazing season between races, and the Saanen females showed a tendency to feed themselves over the selection of food. There was no aggression in the social behavior of animals in this production system. In the fourth step it was evalued the quality of milk from individual goats Saanen and Anglo-Nubian through California Mastits Test (CMT) and bacteriological examination of milk samples on individual theta in all animals in milk at collection. There was no occurrence of clinical mastitis in the period, however, there was bacterial isolation in 47 (34.5%) of the milk samples and only 11 (8.1%) of these samples have been considered sub-clinical mastitis. In the fifth stage, we evaluated the action of cooling and freezing on the physico-chemical and microbiological milk of mixture goats. It was determined the tendency to increase the concentration of proteins and the decrease of concentration in total solids and the somatic cell count in milk after freezing.

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