The objective of this study was to determine effects of supplementing coastal bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon; CBG) hay with Strophostyles helvula (98 g kg-1 crude protein (CP), 476 g kg-1 neutral detergent fiber (NDF)), S. leiosperma (117 g kg-1 CP, 497 g kg-1 NDF), or cottonseed meal (506 g kg-1 CP, 352 g kg-1 NDF; CSM) upon intake of CBG hay (127 g kg-1 CP, 691 g kg-1 NDF) and apparent digestibility of dietary organic matter (OM), NDF, and true digestibility of CP. Six Boer-Spanish goats (46.22 +- 3.99 Kg) were fed CBG plus S. helvula, S. leiosperma, or CSM at 0.34 and 0.68% of BW in a 6*6 Latin square with 3*2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The CBG was fed ad libitum, and the legumes/CSM were fed in two equal daily feedings during a 7-d adjustment period and 7-d collection period in metabolism crates. Feces were collected every 24-h, and CBG, legumes/CSM, and fecal samples were analyzed for OM, NDF, and CP. There were no supplement type*amount interactions (P > 0.05). Supplement type did not affect OM digestibility (P = 0.21), but OM digestibility increased 6.4% (P = 0.05) at the 0.68% versus 0.34% level of supplementation with the legumes or CSM. Supplementation with CSM and S. leiosperma improved NDF digestibility 7% versus supplementation with S. helvula (P = 0.02); and as supplement amount increased NDF digestibility by 5.5% (P = 0.02). The diet supplemented with CSM had the greatest CP digestibility, and S. helvula CP was 6% less digestible than S. leiosperma (P = 0.02). As supplement amount increased, CP digestibility increased 7% (P = 0.01). Intake of DM, OM, and NDF of CBG was unaffected (P = 0.56) by supplementation with CSM, S. helvula, and S. leiosperma, but total diet NDF intake of diets supplemented with CSM and S. helvula was 10.5% less than diet supplemented with S. leiosperma (P = 0.01). Considering digestibility and intake, CSM and S. leiosperma were the best supplements fed in this experiment. Strophostyles leiosperma is recommended as use for diet supplementation for goats when CBG hay basal diet is fed.

Tez (Yüksek Lisans) - Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Zootekni Anabilim Dalı, 2008. / Kaynakça var.

Two methods of estimating the intake of a 25% leucaena : 75% grass hay diet by young male Boer goats were assessed, (a) The purine derivative technique which uses the urinary excretion of purine derivatives (expressed relative to creatinine concentration in the same sample) as an index of feed intake, and (b) the conventional marker method, utilizing chromic oxide (Cr₂O₃) contained in gelatin capsules and dosed twice daily, as the marker. Following a prerun the two techniques were compared in three runs of an indoor experiment. In each run 10 goats were randomly allocated to five feeding levels (500 to 1100 g fodder d ¯¹ on air dried basis). A preliminary and an adaptation period during which goats were dosed with the Cr₂O₃ and fed their daily feed allowance, was followed by a 4 day collection period during which spot samples of urine were collected and analysed for allantoin and creatinine (allantoin being used instead of total PDs) and faecal samples were collected for chromium analysis and percentage dry matter determination. For the first two runs, two grab samples per day for each goat were bulked and analysed for chromium content. For the last run, the total daily faecal collection was subsampled and analysed for chromium. Work was done in metabolic crates to determine the effect of time of collection on the ratio of allantoin : creatinine (A/C) in spot urine samples and it was found to non-significant (P>0.05). Linear regressions of: (a) feed intake expressed per unit metabolic mass (g.d ¯¹.LW ¯°∙⁷⁵ (I_mmass)) against A/C ratio; (b) faecal output (g d ¯¹) against feed intake (g d ¯¹); and (c) faecal chromium concentration (mg kg ¯¹) against faecal output (g d ¯¹) were fitted to the data. During the prerun, only regression (a) was fitted and was non-significant (P>0.05), showing no trend at all. For the first true run, the regression of I_mmass against A/C ratio was significant and the correlation was high (P≤ 0.001, R² [A] 0.715, n = 10) but for the second and third runs, the correlations only became significant when the apparent outliers were discarded from the data. (Run 2: P≤ 0.001, R² [A] 0.824, n = 8; Run 3: P≤ 0.05, R² [A] 0.430, n = 9). It was concluded that the relation between I_mmass and A/C ratio is not well enough defined to be used for predictive purposes. When regression (b) was investigated, all the runs produced significant results (P≤0.001, P≤0.01, P≤ 0.001 for runs 1,2 and 3 respectively) however the correlations were not as high as expected (R² [A] being 0.714, 0.565 and 0.863 respectively). For the regression of faecal Cr concentration against faecal output (regression c), all runs showed significant relations (P< 0.001, P< 0.0001, P:s 0.001 for runs 1,2 and 3 respectively) and the correlations were high (R²[A] being 0.836, 0.837 and 0.912 respectively). The data from the three runs were pooled and single equations established for regressions (b) and (c) to allow for the prediction of intake from faecal chromium concentration. Faecal output = feed intake * 0.448 + 19.341 (P≤ 0.001, r 0.853, R² [A] 0.718, SE 25.664, n - 30) Faecal chromium concentration = faecal output * -241.547 + 1.315E+05 (Ps 0.001, r 0.904, R² [A] 0.811, SE 5603.788, n = 30). In vitro figures were determined for a range of leucaena : hay mixes but no apparent trend was found between percentage leucaena in the mix and the digestibility of the mix. These results compared favourably with in vivo results obtained for a 25% leucaena : 75% hay mix. Neither technique proved entirely satisfactory, but the external marker method was found to be more effective than the purine derivative technique. More work is required especially with respect to the latter method. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1997.

No description available.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2004. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1999. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 347-358). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1999. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 347-358). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (doctoral)--Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 187-197).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-07-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:03:44Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ribeiro_ms_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 580098 bytes, checksum: d9ecebb398d17d8fec03f05fbe984a43 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência dos níveis de fibra em detergente neutro oriundo da forragem (FDNf) em dietas peletizadas, sobre o consumo e digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e carboidratos não fibrosos (CNF); e balanço de nitrogênio. Foram utilizadas cinco cabras fistuladas no rúmen dispostas em quadrado latino 5x5, sendo os níveis de FDNf de 15, 20, 25, 30 e 35% , as variáveis independentes. Os níveis de FDNf influenciaram de maneira quadrática os consumos de MS, PB, FDN e CNF expressos em % PV ou em unidade de peso metabólico (P<0,05). O maior consumo de MS foi encontrado no nível de 25,69% de FDNf e o valor médio de consumo de MS foi de 1,3% PV, inferior ao recomendado pelo NRC (1981) (1,46% PV), no entanto as exigências nutricionais foram atendidas em todas as dietas. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente da MS, PB, e FDN foram influenciados de maneira quadrática pelos níveis de FDNf nas dietas, e foram maiores nos níveis de FDNf que apresentaram menor consumo de MS enquanto que o coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente dos CNF foi influenciado de maneira linear decrescente, diminuindo 0,66% para cada unidade de aumento dos níveis de FDNf nas dietas. Houve efeito quadrático dos níveis de FDNf nas dietas sobre o balanço de nitrogênio, o qual foi positivo em todos os níveis, mostrando eficiência das dietas quanto ao suprimento de proteína para os animais. / The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of the levels of neutral detergent fiber from forage (fNDF) in pelleted diets on the intake and digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and on non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC); and nitrogen balance. Five fistulated in the rumen goats were used, arranged in 5x5 Latin square, and the levels of fNDF 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35%, being the independent variables. Effect quadratic of the levels of fNDF on the intake of DM, CP, NDF and NFC expressed in % LW, or unit of metabolic weight (P<0,05). The higher consumption of DM was found in the level of 25.69% of fNDF and the average consumption of MS was 1.3% of LW, below that recommended by NRC (1981) (1.46% LW), however the nutritional requirements were met in all diets. The coefficients of apparent digestibility of DM, CP, and NDF were affected by the levels of fNDF of the diets in a quadratic behaviors and were higher on the levels of fNDF which had lower consumption of MS while the coefficient of digestibility of NFC has been so influenced linear decreasing, reducing 0.66% for each unit of increase in the fNDF of the diets. There was a quadratic effect of fNDF levels of the diets on the nitrogen balance, which was positive at all levels, showing efficiency of the diets on the supply of protein for the animals.

The broad objective of the study was to determine and validate medicinal plants used by resource-limited farmers to control internal and external parasites in goats in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. A survey was conducted among 50 farmers and three herbalists to determine medicinal plants used to control parasites in goats. The survey revealed nine plant species belonging to eight families that were used. Among the identified plant species, Aloe ferox, Acokanthera oppositifolia and Elephantorrhiza elephantina were the plants having the highest Fidelity Level for their use, each scored 100.00 percent, followed by Albuca setosa (83.33 percent). These plants were then selected for validation studies. Gas-Chromatography-Mass-Spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed 7, 33, 26 and 32 bioactive phytochemicals in A. ferox, E. elephantina, A. oppositifolia and A. setosa, respectively. Terpenes and fatty acids were present, oxygenated terpenes being the most abundant hydrocarbons present in all the four plant species. The effect of acetone, methanol and ethanol extracts of leaves of Aloe ferox and Acokanthera oppositifolia on tick repellency and acaricidal activity were investigated on blood engorged Ambylomma hebraeum and Rhipicephalus decoloratus ticks at concentration 15, 30 and 50 percent. The 30 and 50 percent acetone extract of A. ferox and Dazzel dip had the highest acaricidal properties of 100 percent. The 50 percent methanol extract of A. oppositifolia and 50 percent acetone extract of A. ferox had the highest repellency activity of 89 percent and 85.33 percent, respectively. Results from this study revealed that the efficacy of medicinal plants used by farmers to control ticks vary with the type of solvent used for extracting the bioactive compounds. Furthermore, it revealed that Aloe ferox and A. opppositifolia plant extracts possess repellent and acaricidal activities. In a study to investigate the anthelminthic effect of crude extracts of Elephantorrhiza elephantina and Albuca setosa plants, significant anthelminthic effect on nematodes was observed in both plants. In this study, all E. elephantina and A. setosa extracts caused paralysis and mortality. Methanol was the most effective solvent in extracting bioactive compounds and methanol extract showed the best anthelminthic effects among the crude extracts investigated in both plants. The least time taken for the worms to be paralysed was 8.33 mins and 14.33mins in 100mg/ml methanol extracts of E. elephantina and A. setosa, resepectively. Methanol extract of E. elephantina and A. setosa (100mg/ml) had the highest anthelminthic activity and mortality was recorded after 18mins and 20mins, respectively. Results from this study revealed that these two plants possess anthelminthic activities. The study revealed that resource-limited farmers use medicinal plants to control internal and external parasites in goats. Gas-Chromatography-Mass-Spectrometry analysis showed that these plants contain bioactive compounds that have a potential in controlling parasites. Validation studies showed that A. ferox and A. oppositifolia possess repellent and acaricidal activities whereas A. setosa and E. elephantina possess anthelminthic activities.