Internal displacement is one of the most significant challenges in the world today, and violence, conflict, and climate-related disasters have engendered millions of internally displaced persons (IDPs) on the globe. Despite this, the IDP-population is a marginalised group on the international agenda and stay primarily under governmental protection and assistance. This makes the adequacy and durability of solutions and governmental management of IDPs crucial. The number of IDPs continues to rise every year, and many nations have evident difficulties in IDP-management, negatively affecting prospects for sustainable peace. Previous research has primarily focused on singular aspects of IDPs and solutions of such. Less has been written in terms of a broader and more comprehensive understanding of government management of internal displacement. Several scholars, researchers, and experts have stressed the urgency to pay more attention to the issue and consider IDPs a concern beyond humanitarian responsibility. This study seeks to increase the understanding of governmental management of IDPs from a broader and more holistic point of view. This by comparing two cases that have faced high numbers of IDPs in a "post-conflict" context (Uganda and South Sudan) and applying the Inter-Agency Standing Committee Framework on Durable Solutions for IDPs as a guide and analytical tool for comparison. The study finds that the governments have managed the situation with similarities and dissimilarities but have both faced difficulties in providing durable solutions and adequate response to IDPs' plight. Accentuated is also the insufficiency of establishing national instruments covering durable solutions when the political will or national capacity is absent. Reflected in the IDP-situations and trajectories examined, the primary obstacles for adequate response and management have been solely or a combination of such. The study also accentuates the interconnection of IDP-management and peace processes. For peace to be sustainable, and for solutions for IDPs to be durable, simultaneous progress of peace processes and IDP-management is crucial.

Our understanding of enterprise restructuring in a transition context is predominantly drawn from the ex-communist countries of Europe. Those countries have their own cultural values, social structures, were subject to the Soviet political and economic managemet styles and had their own political and economic reasons to move to the free market system. Without doubt, these factors had influenced their enterprise restructuring and its determinants. Given this influence, our understanding of enterprise restructuring and its determinants can be considered limited especially when one takes into consideration the fact that mnay developing countries with centrally planned economic systems had moved to the free market system almost at the same time as the ex-communist countries. Very important, the restructuring behaviour of their state and privatised enterprises and the determinants of their behaviour have been neglected by researchers. This neglect was, indeed, a stimulus to carry out a research study on enterprise restructuring and its determinants in Algeria. The aim of this research study was to develop an understanding of the kind of restructuring taking place in the state enterprises slated for privatisation in Algeria and the factors that stimulated or hindered their restructuring from 1990 to 2005. Algeria is a country that combines a mixture of historical backgrounds. It has a history of more than one hundred years of French colonial rule and has a deep rooted link with the Arab and Islamic cultures. It is also a country which had followed, after gaining independence from the colonial rule in 1962, its own style of socialism where the private sector,in light manufacturing and some service industries, was tolerated and workers of the state-owned enterprise were given the power to share the decision makings with management. More significantly, Algerial was and still is a country where almost 90 percent of its foreign revenues come from hydrocarbons export. Its move to the free market in 1989 came as a result of the sharp drop in the price of oil and therefore a sharp decrease in its foreign revenues. It was a move imposed by the IMF in return for the extension of its debts repayment and the provision of fresh loans. With these socio-cultural, political and economic characteristics of Algeria, it was expected that the restructuring behaviour of the enterprises under investigation and the determinants of this behaviour would exhibit some differences from those experienced in the transition countries of Europe. The investigation was carried out on three enterprises operating in different industries: Saidal in pharmaceuticals, the SNVI in heavy vehicles and Eriad Alger in wheat processing and manufacturing. The data was collected and analysed using qualitative and quantitative research strategies. Semi-structured and unstructured interviews were used to collect data on the restructuring actions and their determinants. They were carried out with senior managers at the head offices, divisions and functional departments of the enterprises; managers at the trade union (UGTA); managers at one state-owned consultancy organisation called CNAT; managers at the ministry of industry; two visiting managers at the trade union (UGTA); and a small number of workers of the three enterprises under investigation. A survey using a self-completion questionnaire was also used to investigate the characteristics of the top management teams of the three enterprises. Primary documents such as state, private company and media reports and secondary document such as journal articles and books were also used. The findings drawn from the study reveal that Saidal was the only enterprise that restructured effectively despite the strong competition in its market. This was possible through the determination of Saidal's president general manager and his top management team to restructure and through the enterprise partnership with many multinational firms. The findings also indicate that controllable and uncontrollable factors had significant impact on the restructuring behaviour of the three enterprises. The controllable factors were the corporatisation of the state enterprise and the underdevelopment of the institutional environment. Corporatisation was an important incentive that encouraged effective restructuring but this was possible only when the enterprise was financially healthy, as was the case with Saidal. The financial autonomy of Saidal reduced the intervention of the government administration in its internal affairs. Government intervention was strong when the enterprise was perceived by the government as strategically important, as was the case with the SNVI, or when the government intended to totally privatise the enterprise, as was the case with Eriad Alger. The underdevelopment of the institutional environment, especially corruption, the shortage of technical skills and the lack of adequate market information hampered competition and slowed down effective restructuring. The uncontrollable factors were the trend in the market and the cultural values. The growing market for pharmaceuticals in Algeria was a stimulus for attracting foreign investment in Saidal which consequently encouraged effective restructuring. As for the cultural values, the family and friendship ties, the social responsibility stemming from religious belief, the regional belonging and the legacy of French colonial rule in Algeria played a significant role in the selection and recruitment of managers and workers, in slowing down the progress of shedding workers surplus and in slowing down foreign participation in privatisation. Future research on enterprise restructuring and its determinants in Algeria should be carried out on a larger sample of enterprises with different ownership using quantitative and qualitative research strategies. Research should also explore enterprise restructuring and its determinants in other developing countries which moved to the free market system and in countries which share similar cultural and social structures with Algeria. It is time for researchers to move away from exploring effective and ineffective enterprise restructuring and concentrate more on exploring how partnership with foreign firms, the shortage of technicla skills, the lack of market information and the cultural values, be it religious beliefs, customs of the legacy of colonialism, affect the restructuring behaviour of state, privatised and private enterprises and the determinants of this behaviour.

A propaganda institucional é utilizada pelos governos para estabelecer uma interlocução com a Sociedade. Essa modalidade de comunicação governamental é amparada pela Constituição Federal e utilizada pela presidência da República, governos estaduais e prefeituras municipais. Porém, diferentemente das empresas que anunciam seus produtos visando mercados consumidores, dos candidatos a cargos eletivos que visam serem eleitos e das campanhas de orientação para mudanças de comportamento, a propaganda institucional atua como forma de dar publicidade às ações governamentais. Por essa forma de comunicação, o Poder Executivo procura apresentar suas ações de governo utilizando estratégias de convencimento visando reforçar sua imagem institucional para o cidadão. Nessa interlocução com a Sociedade, os governos constroem e projetam imagens de si ao se apresentar ao interlocutor com intuito de obter sua conivência em relação ao comunicado. Essa auto-representação construída, chamada de ethos, é utilizada para imbuir credibilidade e identificação à gestão governamental. Esta pesquisa procura identificar o ethos construído e projetado pela gestão do governador Antonio Anastasia, do Partido da Social Democracia Brasileira (PSDB), frente ao estado de Minas Gerais. O arcabouço teórico da pesquisa foi construído com base na Teoria Semiolinguística de Análise do Discurso, proposta por Patrick Charaudeau. O corpus de análise é composto por quatro propagandas institucionais televisivas, de campanhas publicitárias diferentes, veiculadas nos anos de 2012 e 2013, focadas aos campos da Saúde, Educação, Segurança Pública e Desenvolvimento Econômico. Para atingir o objetivo de identificação do ethos discursivo por essa modalidade de comunicação governamental, analisamos as condições situacionais de identificação, finalidade, domínio do saber e dispositivo constituído e as condições discursivas de legitimidade, credibilidade e captação do contrato de comunicação estabelecido tacitamente entre o governo e a Sociedade. Os resultados identificaram que o governo do PSDB em Minas Gerais utiliza a propaganda institucional para se mostrar, principalmente, como gestão competente à sociedade. / The public relations advertising is used by the governments to establish a dialogue with the society. This type of government communication is supported by the Brazilian Federal Constitution and is used by the Presidency of the Republic, state and municipal governments. But unlike the companies that advertise their products aimed at consumer markets, candidates for elected office, which aim to be elected, and guidance campaigns for behavioral changes, the public relations advertising acts only as a way of publicizing the government actions. For this form of communication, the Executive Branch seeks to present its government actions using persuasion strategies to strengthen its institutional image to the citizen. In this dialogue with the society, the governments build and project images of themselves presenting themselves to the caller with the purpose of getting their connivance in relation to the statement. This built self-representation, called ethos, is used to infuse credibility and identification to the government management. This research seeks to identify the ethos which has been built and designed for the management of Governor Antonio Anastasia, of the Brazilian Social Democratic Party (PSDB), in the state of Minas Gerais. The theoretical research framework was built on Semiolinguistics Theory of Discourse Analysis proposed by Patrick Charaudeau. The analysis corpus consists of four television public relations advertising from different campaigns aired in the years 2012 and 2013, focused on the public services of Health, Education, Public Safety and Economic Development. To achieve the goal of identifying the discursive ethos by this type of government communication, we have analyzed situational conditions of identification, purpose, knowledge domain and constituent device and the discursive conditions of legitimacy, credibility and capture of the communication agreement established between the government and the society. The results showed that the government of PSDB in Minas Gerais uses the public relations advertising to show mainly as a competent management to society.

Análise sobre a estrutura e a organização da base de informações institucionais e estatísticas da Pesquisa Municipal Unificada PMU, sob a perspectiva da disponibilização de seus dados. As informações institucionais e estatísticas, em âmbito municipal, constituem importante subsídio para a gestão pública, devendo ser disseminadas aos executores dos setores governamentais, bem como aos representantes da sociedade civil organizada. Assim, são avaliados os processos de comunicação em sistemas informacionais e os referenciais para organização e tratamento das informações. Procura-se mostrar que o uso de procedimentos documentários e terminológicos pode melhorar as formas de disponibilização, o acesso e a apropriação da informação, concluindo-se que esses princípios devem ser incorporados às políticas de informação institucionais, como meio de otimizar a disponibilização e a recuperação das informações. / Analysis of the structure and organization of the data systems of the institutional and statistical data of the Unified Municipal Research (PMU), from the perspective of the availability of its data. Institutional and statistical data, in that concerning the municipality, provides vital assistance in the administration of public affairs and should be disseminated among administrators of government bodies, as well as representatives of organized civil society. Communication in information systems and the references for their organization and handling are thus evaluated. What is sought is to show that the use of documentary and terminological procedures can improve the means of data availability, as well as the accessing and appropriation of data. This leads to the conclusion that such principles should be incorporated into institutional information policies as a means to optimize data availability and recovery.

Análise sobre a estrutura e a organização da base de informações institucionais e estatísticas da Pesquisa Municipal Unificada PMU, sob a perspectiva da disponibilização de seus dados. As informações institucionais e estatísticas, em âmbito municipal, constituem importante subsídio para a gestão pública, devendo ser disseminadas aos executores dos setores governamentais, bem como aos representantes da sociedade civil organizada. Assim, são avaliados os processos de comunicação em sistemas informacionais e os referenciais para organização e tratamento das informações. Procura-se mostrar que o uso de procedimentos documentários e terminológicos pode melhorar as formas de disponibilização, o acesso e a apropriação da informação, concluindo-se que esses princípios devem ser incorporados às políticas de informação institucionais, como meio de otimizar a disponibilização e a recuperação das informações. / Analysis of the structure and organization of the data systems of the institutional and statistical data of the Unified Municipal Research (PMU), from the perspective of the availability of its data. Institutional and statistical data, in that concerning the municipality, provides vital assistance in the administration of public affairs and should be disseminated among administrators of government bodies, as well as representatives of organized civil society. Communication in information systems and the references for their organization and handling are thus evaluated. What is sought is to show that the use of documentary and terminological procedures can improve the means of data availability, as well as the accessing and appropriation of data. This leads to the conclusion that such principles should be incorporated into institutional information policies as a means to optimize data availability and recovery.

張靜. / 論文(博士) -- 香港中文大學硏究院社會學學部, 1995. / 參考文献 : leaves 128-135. / Zhang Jing. / 諭文提要 --- p.1 / 導論：理論及問題 --- p.1 / Chapter 第一章： --- 職代會制度背景 --- p.12 / 起源 --- p.12 / 發展 --- p.16 / 小结 --- p.23 / Chapter 第二章： --- 參舆者和组織者 --- p.25 / 參與者 --- p.25 / 組織者 --- p.33 / Chapter (1) --- 代表資格審查 --- p.37 / Chapter (2) --- 提案控制 --- p.40 / Chapter (3) --- 表决控制 --- p.44 / 小结 --- p.49 / Chapter 第三章： --- 企業工會與職代會 --- p.50 / 權力來源 --- p.50 / 財政支持 --- p.53 / 自我角色認同 --- p.56 / 基層信息收集者 --- p.59 / 調和者 --- p.63 / 小結 --- p.66 / Chapter 第四章： --- 動力舆结構 --- p.67 / 群體利益與部門利益 --- p.67 / 消極的组織者 --- p.77 / 責任分擔 --- p.85 / 基層監督 --- p.92 / 小結 --- p.97 / Chapter 第五章： --- 職代會與利益協調 --- p.98 / 利益表達與滿足方式 --- p.98 / 利益衝突與平衡 --- p.106 / 干群矛盾 --- p.114 / 小結 --- p.119 / Chapter 第六章： --- 結論及討論 --- p.121 / 〔參考文獻〕 --- p.128 / 〔園表及附録〕 / 表〔1〕 職代會《條例》修改條文比较（一章）

Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-04T12:36:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009 / Informação, tecnologia e comunicação constituem uma base importante da organização dos governos num mundo globalizado. E não são poucos os problemas para se estruturar estecampo de intervenção pública, especialmente no campo da saúde. No Brasil, a estruturação do campo de informação e informática em saúde se vê diante de necessidades dedesenvolvimento geradas pela redemocratização do Estado brasileiro, pela reforma do sistema nacional de saúde desencadeada pela Constituição Federal de 1988, pelo fortalecimento do regime federativo e pela descentralização da ação governamental.Inúmeras dificuldades derivam das mudanças engendradas por estes processos que estão a exigir um setor público tecnologicamente sustentável, renovado organizacionalmente esocialmente valorizado. Esta dissertação parte do pressuposto de que a trajetória do DATASUS, neste ambiente de inovações, não acompanhou as mudanças nos paradigmastecnológico e organizacional que contextualizaram as atividades governamentais no campo da informação e informática nas últimas décadas - o que vem comprometendo sua capacidade de resposta às demandas setoriais e sociais de informação em saúde. Analisar asituação atual do DATASUS, sua importância como ator no cenário setorial e propõe perspectivas para a informação e informática no contexto institucional da gestão pública.Toma como referência estudos dos campos da teoria geral da administração, da informaçãoe informática em saúde, das políticas públicas da área de informação, e da reengenharia de processos, que discutem a tecnologia da informação nas organizações e os paradigmasorganizacionais e tecnológicos vigentes. Além disso, percorre iniciativas recentes de políticas de informação e informática em diferentes países para uma aproximação ao valor social da informação no setor público de saúde, realizando, por fim, uma releitura doplanejamento estratégico / A partir deste percurso metodológico identifica, à luz das dificuldades encontradas na trajetória de institucionalização do DATASUS (tecnológica, organizacional e de planejamento), perspectivas de desenvolvimento da área de informaçãoe informática em saúde que orientem o planejamento estratégico do Departamento, no contexto de gestão pública descentralizada e participativa do SUS. Conclui com algumas sugestões e recomendações para a reinserção do DATASUS no SUS, de forma a que sepossa promover o encontro de objetivos e o alinhamento entre as estratégias de TI e as da organização. / Information technology and communication are an important basis of the organization of governments in a globalized world. And there are few problems to structure this field of public intervention, especially in the health field. In Brazil, the structuring of the field of information and information technology in health is faced with development needs generated by the democratization of the Brazilian state, the reform of the national health system triggered by the 1988 Federal Constitution, by strengthening the federal system and decentralization of government action. Many difficulties arise from the changes engendered by these processes that are demanding a public sector technology development, new organizationally and socially valued. This paper assumes that the trajectory of DATASUS in this environment of innovation, not kept pace with changes in technological paradigms and organizational context for government activities in the field of information and computer science in recent decades - which is compromising their ability to respond to needs, and social health information. Analyze the current situation of DATASUS, its importance as an actor in setting industry and proposes avenues for information and informatics in the institutional context of public management. It takes as reference studies from the fields of general theory of administration, information and information technology in health, public policy in information and process reengineering, discussing information technology in organizations and organizational paradigms and technological force. In addition, traverses recent policy initiatives and information technology in different countries to progress towards the social value of information in the public health by carrying out, finally, reviewing the strategic planning. From this methodological approach identifies, in the light of the difficulties encountered in the path of institutionalization DATASUS (technological, organizational and planning), development prospects in the area of information and information technology in health to guide the strategic planning department in the context of management public participatory management of SUS. It concludes with some suggestions and recommendations for rehabilitation DATASUS the SUS, so that it can promote the meeting of objectives and alignment between IT strategies and organization.