The purpose of this study was to produce data and information that inform California Community College decision-makers of: (a) extent of variance in California's associate degree definitions and graduation requirements, and (b) perceptions of curricular leaders regarding the variances. Associate degree definitions and graduation requirements were compiled and analyzed from the 1997-98 catalogs for the 106 institutions. Degrees offered, number of general education units required, level of English and math required, transfer patterns, and general studies degree patterns were compiled in tables. The interpreted data from the catalog research were confirmed by the articulation officers. Chief Instructional Officers and Curriculum Chairs at each college were surveyed regarding the degree variations and graduation requirements. Were the differences considered problems or issues for the California Community College system? The catalog review findings indicated that a quarter of the colleges define the degrees in terms of purpose (transfer or occupational) while three-quarters define the degree by major or discipline. The minimum number of general education units required to earn an associate degree range from the legal minimum of 18 semester units to as many as 41 units. One-third of the colleges require freshman English composition while others accept a course one level below. Titles used for transfer general education programs are the same titles used for non-transfer or general studies programs at other colleges. The AA in Liberal Arts is comprised of transfer general education on some campuses, while it is a general studies degree on others. A majority of the leaders surveyed agreed that the California Community College system should work toward developing common definitions for associate degrees. The leaders supported offering the Associate of Applied Science degree. The study concluded that Associate degrees vary so significantly among the 106 campuses of the California Community College system that there is no common meaning to the degree. Associate degree definitions in California have no relationship to the definitions set by the American Association of Community Colleges. The study recommended that an Associate Degree Task Force be convened to study the issue and present recommendations to the California Community College Board of Governors. / Graduation date: 2000

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2003. / Advisor: Dr. Joseph C. Beckham, Florida State University, College of Education, Dept. of Educational Leadership and Policy Studies. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Feb. 26, 2003). Includes bibliographical references.

This dissertation consists of three chapters on labor economics. The first two chapters focus on education, and the third examines inequality and incarceration. Chapter one explores whether college students strategically delay exiting college in response to poor labor market conditions. It exploits variation in U.S. state unemployment rates to identify the causal impact of unemployment rates on time to graduation. Strategic delay is observed among both men and women. Results indicate that students delay graduation by approximately 0.4 months for each percentage point increase in junior-year unemployment rates, implying the average student delays by approximately half a semester during a typical recession. Effects are greatest for men with freshman majors in education, professional and vocational technologies, the humanities, business, and the sciences, and for women in education, the sciences, or undeclared. Delays are robust to fluctuations in students’ in-school work hours, earnings, and job market conditions. Chapter two assesses the impact of over-the-counter access to emergency contraception on women’s educational attainment using variation in access produced by state legislation since 1998. Approximately 5% of American women of reproductive age experience an unintended pregnancy annually, indicating a significant unmet need for contraception. Results indicate that cohorts with greater access to emergency contraception are more likely to graduate from high school and attain the associate’s degree. Effects for high school graduation are most pronounced among black women, while increases in associate’s degree attainment are driven primarily by white and Hispanic women. Chapter three explores the relationship between incarceration and generational inequality. Using a calibrated OLG model of criminal behavior with race, inheritance and endogenous education, I calculate how much longer prison sentences, and a higher likelihood of capture and conviction contribute to income inequality. Results indicate that changes to criminal policy mirroring those of the “tough on crime” legislation of the 1980s and 1990s, including an 18% increase in criminal apprehension and a 68% increase in prison sentence length, have little impact on inequality as measured by the Gini coefficient. Instead, the model provides evidence that these enhanced enforcement measures deter crime and decrease incarceration rates. / text

It is a widespread belief in western society today that every adolescent is capable of attaining a high school diploma (Pharris-Ciureja, Hirschman, & Willhoft, 2012). In reality, a Statistics Canada (2012) “Labour Force Survey” concluded that only 73.9% of all 18 and 19 year olds have received high school diplomas. Richards (2009) stated that Manitoba’s high school dropout rate is the highest in Canada, and is twice as high as that of British Columbia. Unfortunately, many adolescents have started on the path to dropping out long before they enter high school (Downing & Peckham-Hardin, 2007) due to a combination of sociological, socioeconomic, cultural, developmental, behavioural, and academic factors (Englund, Edgeland, & Collins, 2008; Pharris-Ciureja, Hirschman, & Willhoft, 2012; Richards 2009). To better understand this phenomenon, I used the critical analytical tool of the immanent critique (Skrtic, 1995); and several different critical thinking tools (Levy, 2010). I also reviewed literature concerning sociology and education, Manitoba’s interpretation of inclusion, and the unique nature of high schools and their teachers. The purpose of this study was to invite Manitoba high school classroom teachers into a think tank and ask them what they believe they do to help adolescents stay in school and graduate. I found that the high school classroom teachers who participated in the study creatively strived to connect with students, worked individually and collaboratively with colleagues, and acknowledged the need for legislation, policies, and administration. They also took the time to examine current educational practices and continuously searched for innovative ways to improve their classrooms, schools, and the system-at-large. I concluded that school systems would greatly benefit from seeking out the voices of high school teachers and asking them what they think.

abstract: This study is designed to understand the patterns of selection, preparation, retention and graduation of undergraduate pre-licensure clinical nursing students in the College of Nursing and Health Innovation at Arizona State University enrolled in 2007 and 2008. The resulting patterns may guide policy decision making regarding future cohorts in this program. Several independent variables were examined including grades earned in prerequisite courses; replacement course frequency; scores earned on the Nurse Entrance Test (NET); the number of prerequisite courses taken at four-year institutions; race/ethnicity; and gender. The dependent variable and definition of success is completion of the Traditional Pre-licensure Clinical Nursing Program in the prescribed four terms. Theories of retention and success in nursing programs at colleges and universities guide the research. Correlational analysis and multiple logistic regression revealed that specific prerequisite courses--Human Nutrition, Clinical Healthcare Ethics, and Human Pathophysiology--as well as race/ethnicity, and gender are predictive of completing this program in the prescribed four terms. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Public Administration 2012

Resumo: A presente dissertação apresenta uma Pesquisa-ação, de caráter essencialmente qualitativo, na qual o objetivo principal foi investigar o papel do gestor na formação docente para a transformação pedagógica, física e social de uma escola cujo contexto de exclusão social e de alto índice de violência refletia-se na depredação do prédio escolar, na indisciplina e no desinteresse dos alunos em relação à aprendizagem. Considerando as dificuldades da prática pedagógica em modificar a realidade dessa escola pública da cidade de Araçatuba, Estado de São Paulo, delineou-se coletivamente o problema a fim de focar, essencialmente, a construção de uma escola de qualidade para todos, usando como estratégia o desenvolvimento de projeto de trabalho interdisciplinar e como recursos os meios digitais. Para o levantamento dos dados, optou-se pela observação assistemática e sistemática, pela aplicação de questionários, realização de entrevistas e observação participante, registrados por meio de anotações, fotografias e filmagens. O desenvolvimento da pesquisa deu-se de maio/2003 a janeiro/2004, pela qual os professores foram formados em serviço para o uso das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC), enquanto ferramentas potencializadoras de habilidades na construção de um projeto interdisciplinar. No decorrer da formação, as intervenções constituíram-se em reflexões semanais nas Horas de Trabalho Pedagógico Coletivo (HTPC), permeadas por acompanhamento em sala de aula e na Sala Ambiente de Informática (SAI). A análise dos dados e registros ateve-se, principalmente, à prática docente em relação ao uso das TIC, à aprendizagem dos conteúdos disciplinares por meio do desempenho acadêmico dos alunos e à modificação do espaço físico escolar. / Abstract: The essay presents a research-action, whose feature is essentially qualitative, in which the main goal is to investigate the role of the administrator in the teaching formation for the pedagogical, physical and social transformation of a school whose the social exclusion context and the high rate of violence was reflected in the school building destruction owing to vandalism, in the indiscipline and in the lack of students interest to learn. Considering the teaching pedagogical practice inefficient to modify the reality of the Araçatuba public schools, in Sao Paulo State, the problem was collectively delineated intending to focus, essentially, the construction of a quality school for all of us, having the working project development as a strategy, and the digital means as an appeal. For the data statistics, we opted for the systematic and non-systematic observation, for the questionnaire application, interview and the observation registered by notes, pictures and films. The research development occurred from May/2003 to January/2004, by which the teachers graduated while working in the use of the Comunication and Information Technology (CIT), used as tools in the skills improving in the construction of an interdisciplinary project. During the graduation, some interventions occurred in the weekly analysis during the collective pedagogical working hours (CPWH), assisted in the classroom and in the computer classroom (CC). The data and registry analysis was mainly related to the teaching practice in the relation to the use of the (CIT), the disciplinary contents learning through the student academic development and the modification of the school physical room. Among the results, it is worth to remark: the rising of a new "pedagogical carry out" through the use of the (CIT) and the practice of contributive exchanges, raising the leadership of different segments... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below). / Orientador: Elisa Tomoe Moriya Schlünzen / Coorientador: Ana Maria da Costa Santos Menin / Banca: Maria Elizabeth Biancocini Almeida / Banca: Arilda Ines Miranda Ribeiro / Mestre

Resumo: Atualmente, vivemos em uma sociedade onde o uso e a produção das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação - TIC's - se ampliam a cada instante. Logo, a Educação por se caracterizar como uma instituição formal responsável pela produção do conhecimento, fazendo parte desta sociedade moderna, deve ter o compromisso também de formar cidadãos mais humanos que possam fazer uso destes recursos a favor do bem comum. Em vista disso, a presente pesquisa científica, apresentou como principal finalidade investigar como formar educadores para utilizar as TIC's como ferramentas na potencialização de projetos, visando à vivência, reflexão e desenvolvimento de certos valores humanos no ambiente educacional, tais como: a cooperação, solidariedade, respeito, responsabilidade, diálogo, paz, entre outros. Para tanto, foram tomadas duas frentes: uma formação continuada e uma formação em serviço, a fim de adotar uma nova proposta metodológica. A pesquisa se desenvolveu em dois contextos: em uma escola municipal de Junqueirópolis (SP) e em uma escola estadual de Presidente Prudente (SP). Na escola de Junqueirópolis (SP), ocorreu a realização de um curso de formação continuada oferecido...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Nowadays, we live in a society where the use and the production of Information and Communication Technologies - ICT - are amplified all the time. Since the education is characterized as a formal institution responsible by the knowledge production that makes part of this new society, it should also have the commitment to graduate more human citizens that can use these resources in behalf of common benefits. Because of it, this scientific research has presented as its main finality to investigate how to graduate educators to use the ICT as tools in the project potencialization, searching for experience, reflection and development of certain human values, such as: cooperation, solidarity, respect, responsibility, dialogue, peace, and others, in the educational environment. Two ways were used to make it: a continuous formation and a service one, so that a new methodological propose could be adopted. The research has developed into two contexts: in a town school of Junqueirópolis (SP) and in a state one of Presidente Prudente (SP). At school of Junqueirópolis (SP) there was the accomplishment of a continuous formation course and it was offered to forty educators from the initial degrees of the Basic Teaching and Infant Education to familiarize...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below) / Orientador: Elisa Tomoe Moriya Schlünzen / Coorientador: José Armando Valente / Banca: Maria Suzana de Stefano Menin / Banca: Ivani Catarina Arantes Fazenda / Mestre

This diploma paper deals with the state graduation exam in German with a focus on its development. At first this issue is depictured on the theoretical level where I describe the genesis of the state graduation exam in the Czech Republic and its comparison with the state graduation exam in Germany, concretely in Saxony. Furthermore there is also mentioned the educational problems and problems with the preparation of the teachers for the new graduation model. In this part I also describe the European reference framework for languages. In the second, practical part of my diploma paper there is a questionnaire both for the German teachers at high schools and for the students who decided to sit for the leaving examination in German. Both these questionnaires are related to their opinion on the forthcoming state graduation exam.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a monitoria no processo de ensino-aprendizagem na graduação em enfermagem. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, fundamentada na abordagem histórico-cultural de Vigotski. A coleta de dados foi realizada na Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, que possui uma proposta de monitoria denominada Programa de Estímulo ao Ensino de Graduação. Foram realizadas entrevistas, com roteiros semiestruturados, com monitores, professores e alunos, referentes às experiências do 1° e 2°semestre de 2013. Participaram da pesquisa sete monitores, nove professores e dezenove alunos. Os dados foram analisados e discutidos a partir da análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Os resultados encontrados neste trabalho constituíram quatro categorias: monitoria - concepções alinhadas às diferentes abordagens pedagógicas; monitor- papel de professor ou de aluno? ; contribuição da monitoria para a formação de professores; e relação monitor- aluno- contribuições para a aprendizagem. As discussões apontam que a monitoria está entrelaçada com as questões de ensino-aprendizagem, bem como com a ressignificação do aprendizado do monitor, pois os sujeitos se constituem através das relações sociais que estabelecem. O monitor desenvolve-seno âmbito da docência quando está nesse papel, o que contribui para sua formação profissional. Aparecem barreiras na relação aluno e professor que propiciam que o monitor atue como ponte entre os mesmos nessa relação, aproximando os atores do ensino-aprendizagem / This research aims to examine the monitoring in the teaching-learning process in nursing graduation. It is a qualitative research, based on the historical-cultural approach of Vigotski. Data collection was carried in the School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, which has a monitoring system called Program of Stimulus for Graduate Education (PEEG). Interviews were conducted with semi-structured scripts, with monitors, teachers and students, referring to experiences of the 1st and 2nd semesters of 2013. The participants were seven monitors, nine teachers and nineteen students. Data was analyzed and discussed through Bardin\'s analysis of content. The results of this work formed four categories: Monitoring: concepts aligned to different pedagogical approaches; Monitor: role of a teacher or a student?; The contribution to monitoring to teachers\' formation; Monitor-student relationship: contributions to learning. The discussions show that monitoring is intertwined with the teaching-learning issues, as well as the redefinition of monitor\'s learning, since the subjects are constituted through the social relationships they establish. The monitor develops teaching techniques when playing that role, which contributes to their professional career.There are barriers in the relationship set between the student and teacher, which allowsthe monitor to act as a bridge between them, approaching the actors in the teaching- learning

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar os diferentes usos da gradaÃÃo em dezenove narrativas orais produzidas por onze crianÃas entre 05 e 11 anos, sendo cinco do sexo feminino e seis do sexo masculino. Observamos, para isso, como as crianÃas manifestam a gradaÃÃo em seus diferentes textos e quais recursos lexicogramaticais elas utilizam para expressar cada subtipo de gradaÃÃo. A coleta dos relatos foi realizada durante 04 meses, de Fevereiro/2011 a Junho/2011, em um abrigo situado em Fortaleza-CE. Tomamos como base uma perspectiva funcional do processo de aquisiÃÃo da linguagem para mostrar como o desenvolvimento linguÃstico à pautado no uso que se faz da linguagem em um processo comunicativo. Embasamos nossa pesquisa nas concepÃÃes cognitivo-funcional de GivÃn e sistÃmico-funcional de Halliday para desenvolver a noÃÃo de protogramÃtica bem como para propiciar o arcabouÃo teÃrico que orientarà nossa anÃlise; na perspectiva da Teoria da Avaliatividade de Martin e White acerca do fenÃmeno da gradaÃÃo; e na orientaÃÃo das propostas acerca de AquisiÃÃo da Linguagem que tomam por base a concepÃÃo de que a aquisiÃÃo e o desenvolvimento da linguagem se dÃo mediante a inserÃÃo comunicativa da crianÃa em uma dada comunidade linguÃstica, orientando-se assim por fatores pragmÃticos e discursivos. Nossos resultados apontam que o uso da GradaÃÃo modifica, alÃm de categorias experienciais, elementos avaliativos, o que se manifesta prioritariamente pelo sistema de ForÃa. As crianÃas tambÃm utilizam a GradaÃÃo como forma de organizaÃÃo textual, acentuando ou atenuando determinadas informaÃÃes, conforme, dentre outros fatores, o Estatuto Informacional e o Grau de Empatia. Percebemos tambÃm que os diferentes tipos de GradaÃÃo ocorrem concomitantemente em grande parte dos casos e nÃo isoladamente. / This paper aims to analyze the different uses of Graduation in nineteen oral narratives produced by eleven children from 05 to 11 years, five females and six males. We observed how children manifest graduation in the different texts and which resources they use to express lexicogramatically each subtype of graduation. The collection of reports was performed during 04 months, from June/2011 to February/2011 in a shelter situated in Fortaleza. We have based this study in a functional perspective of the process of language acquisition to show how language development is grounded in the use made of language in a communicative process. We based our research in GivÃnâs cognitive and functional conceptions and Hallidayâs systemic-functional to develop the notion of protogrammatics well as to provide the theoretical framework to guide our analysis; from the perspective of Appraisal Theory of Martin and White on the phenomenon of Graduation; and orientation of the proposals about language Acquisition that are based on the idea that the acquisition and development of language are given by inserting child in a given speech community, guided so discursive and pragmatic factors. Our results indicate that the use of graduation changes, besides experiential categories, evaluative elements, which manifests primarily by system Force. Children also use the Graduation as a form of textual organization, accentuating or attenuating certain information as, among other factors, the Informational Statute and Degree of Empathy. We also realize that different types of gradation occur at the same time in most cases and not in isolation.