Thesis (M Social Work (Social Work))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / An exploratory study with a descriptive design has been used in order to get more information and insight about the tendency of grandmothers as kinship caregiver (family foster parent) for their grandchildren. The researcher became aware of the increase in the use of the grandmother as a kinship caregiver, as well as the shortage of literature in South Africa. The abovementioned aspects lead to the motivation for the study. The experience of the grandmother in Kayamandi as kinship caregiver was studied. The aim of the study is to provide guidelines to social workers for service rendering to grandmothers as kinship caregivers. The literature study gave a historical overview of foster care and kinship care in both the United States of America (USA) and South Africa. Foster care was described as a process: from preventative services to permanency planning. Specific attention was given to the grandmother as kinship caregiver. As the literature in the USA focused on the Afro-American, it was decided to do the study in Kayamandi, where the grandmother as kinship caregiver is mostly isiXhosa-speaking. The sample consists out of 15 grandparents who are either Afrikaans or English speaking. The mixed methodology design model was used by mixing qualitative as well as quantitative research: structured interviews based on structured questionnaires. The study enabled the researcher to draw up a profile of the grandmother as kinship caregiver as well as the family foster child in Kayamandi. The results of the literature confirmed the results of the study; the experience of the grandmother as kinship caregiver is marked with mixed feelings, but is overall a positive experience. The recommendations focused on three areas; the grandmother, the grandchild and the experience of the grandmother as kinship caregiver. The central theme for both grandmother and grandchild was the need for support. It is recommended that future research focus on the development of support programs aimed specifically at grandparents as kinship caregivers.

Grandparent-headed families are diverse in nature and represent a rapidly growing family type. While challenges facing grandparent caregivers are well documented, less is known about the well-being of their grandchildren, with many early studies relying on small samples of convenience. This study used an existing large national database, the National Survey of America's Families (NSAF), to compare differences in well-being of both children and grandparent caregivers across the independent variables of family type, ethnicity, gender, and age. Findings suggested better mental health and less parental aggravation for caregivers in traditional two parent intact families as compared to grandparents co-parenting in a multi-generation home, skipped generation grandparents (raising their grandchild with no parent present) or single parents. Skipped generation grandparents in particular reported most caregiver aggravation. Child physical health was reported to be worse by skipped generation grandparent caregivers. Behavior problems were reported to be worse for children in grandparent headed households than those in traditional families, particularly for teenagers raised in skipped generation households by their grandmothers. Specific results, limitations and future directions for research on grandparent-headed households were discussed.

MPH / Department of Public Health / The phenomenon of grandparents raising their grandchildren is not new in different parts of the world. It has been noted that taking up a parental role has become the norm for grandparents, especially the grandmothers. This study aimed to explore the experiences of grandmothers in raising their grandchildren in Thohoyandou. Specifically, it aimed to establish the reasons why grandmothers in Thohoyandou are involved in raising their grandchildren, to identify and describe the challenges experienced by grandmothers in raising their grandchildren in Thohoyandou and finally, to establish the coping mechanism being used by these grandmothers to address the challenges being experienced by them. The study was conducted in Thohoyandou Block J which is situated in Thulamela municipality in Limpopo Province, South Africa. A qualitative method using an interpretative phenomenological approach was used. Ten grandmothers who were raising their grandchildren were selected through snowball sampling method. The researcher sought the help of a home-base care worker at Muledane clinic to have access to the first grandmother after which the remaining grandmothers were referred by the known participant. Individual in-depth interviews were used to get information from them, using an interview guide. Each grandmother signed a consent form and then gave permission for the interview to be audio-recorded. Pseudo name were used in order to protect the participants. Data were transcribed verbatim, coded into themes and sub-themes using inductive thematic analysis. Themes that emerged include, changes in grandmothers’ role, feeling towards the role change, socio-economic factors that affect care-giving grandmothers, health of grandmothers, strategies for better living. Findings revealed that different reasons exist which made grandmothers to take up the responsibility of raising their grandchildren, grandmothers are affected negatively in their caregiving role and their main source of income are the child-support and pension grant (for those that are eligible).

A ilha de São Luis é a única cidade brasileira fundada pelos franceses, sob o comando de Daniel La Touche, e até hoje possui o maior e mais homogêneo conjunto arquitetônico colonial de origem portuguesa. As influências do burgo, tipicamente lusitanas, em sua colonização originaram uma cultura diversificada, sendo influenciada também por negros e indígenas, a qual é enfatizada nas tradições folclóricas, nas lendas, nos mitos e no sincretismo religioso perpassando gerações. Neste contexto cultural, pensou-se realizar uma pesquisa tendo como objetivo geral investigar como avós e netos, pertencentes às famílias ludovicenses, percebem e vivenciam o processo de transmissão de valores culturais e familiares. Inicialmente, foi realizada entrevista individual com 10 avós e 10 netos. Após a análise de conteúdo das entrevistas, os temas foram agrupados e deram origem a um questionário que foi aplicado a 31 avós e 83 netos ludovicenses (41 netos e 42 netas). Os dados obtidos foram quantificados. Os principais resultados, no que se refere às avós foram: 1) quanto ao significado dos netos predominaram são meus segundos filhos e amor; 2) a participação na vida dos netos se dá através de conversas; 3) as atividades mais freqüentes são as visitas; 4) no que concerne ao que guardam de mais importante de São LuisMA foi a própria família; 5) transmitem para os seus netos, principalmente, a valorização dos estudos; 6) quanto às tradições próprias da família assinalaram serem as festas familiares (Natal, Ano Novo, aniversários); 7) os netos aceitam bem e participam de tudo o que diz respeito às tradições familiares; 8) não perceberam diferença entre os sexos dos netos no que se refere às tradições da família; 9) esperam que os netos preservem a união da família; 10) as diferenças e semelhanças entre a sua geração e a dos netos, dizem respeito ao fato de que os netos falam o que querem, ou seja, têm liberdade de expressão; 11) por último, assinalam que os sentimentos experimentados como avós são de que aprendem com seus netos a cada dia. Com relação aos netos observou-se o seguinte: 1) o significado das avós foi sabedoria e experiência; 2) quanto à participação e às atividades realizadas com os avós predominaram as conversas; 3) o que eles mais transmitem para os seus avós são as brincadeiras e as conversas; 4) os netos, assim como as avós, guardam de mais importante em São Luis a sua família; 5) as tradições próprias da família são os almoços nos finais de semana; 6) revelaram que os avós aceitam e recebem bem essas tradições; 7) pensam em preservar a educação que os avós passaram; 8) sobre as diferenças e semelhanças entre as gerações responderam que na época dos avós havia mais opressão e hoje é mais liberal; 9) entre os valores que sofreram modificações ao longo do tempo destacou-se tomar a bênção; 10) por fim, acham que ser neto é aprender com os avós. Espera-se, com o presente trabalho contribuir com a literatura sobre a família ludovicense e oferecer subsídios aos profissionais interessados na mesma. / The island of São Luis is the only Brazilian city established by the Frenchmen, under the command of Daniel La Touche, and up to today it has the biggest and most homogeneous architectural colonial set of Portuguese origin. The typically Portuguese influences of the village in its colonization gave rise to a diversified culture being influenced also by black men and Indians which is emphasized in the folklore traditions, legends, myths as well as in the religious syncretism from generation to generation. In this cultural context, a research was done to investigate how grandparents and grandchildren belonging to the ludovicenses families note and live the process of transmission of cultural and family values. Initially, individual interviews were done with 10 grandmothers and 10 grandchildren. Upon analysis of the content of the interviews, the topics were grouped and created a questionnaire which was applied to 31 ludovicenses grandmothers and 83 grandchildren (41 grandsons and 42 granddaughters). The data obtained through the same were quantified. The data obtained through the same were quantified. The principal results concerning the grandmothers were: 1) as to the meaning of the grandchildren predominated they are my second children and love ; 2) the participation in the life of the grandchildren happens through conversations; 3) the most frequent activities are the visits; 4) the family is what they consider to be the most important thing about São Luis- MA; 5) to emphasize to their grandchildren how valuable education is; 6) as to the particular traditions of the family they considered Christmas, New Years Day, birthdays to be family festivities ; 7) the grandchildren accept well and participate in everything concerning the family traditions; 8) did not realize any difference between the genders as to the traditions of the family; 9) expect that the grandchildren preserve the union of the family; 10) the differences and similarities between their generation and their grandchildrens, concerning the fact that the grandchildren say what they want, have freedom of expression; 11) and lastly they pointed out that the feelings experienced as grandparents are what they learn from their grandchildren daily. As to the grandchildren, the following was observed: 1) the grandmothers meant wisdom and experience; 2) the conversations were predominant as to the participation and activities done with their grandmothers; 3) what they most transmit to their grandmothers were the games and conversations; 4) the grandchildren, as well as their grandmothers, consider the family to be the most important thing about São Luis; 5) the family traditions are lunches at weekends; 6) showed that their grandmothers accept and receive such traditions very well; 7) consider preserving the teaching their grandmothers passed on to them; 8) as to the differences and similarities among the generations, they reported that in their grandparents time there was more oppression and today everything is more liberal; 9) to take blessings is among the values which changed with the passing time 10) and they think that being grandchildren is to learn from their grandparents. We hope that with the present work we can contribute to the literature about the ludovicense family and to offer subsides to the professionals interested in it.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:08:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabiana_Borges.pdf: 745999 bytes, checksum: c2e032218653d08e8c38092845849b55 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-04-27 / The island of São Luis is the only Brazilian city established by the Frenchmen, under the command of Daniel La Touche, and up to today it has the biggest and most homogeneous architectural colonial set of Portuguese origin. The typically Portuguese influences of the village in its colonization gave rise to a diversified culture being influenced also by black men and Indians which is emphasized in the folklore traditions, legends, myths as well as in the religious syncretism from generation to generation. In this cultural context, a research was done to investigate how grandparents and grandchildren belonging to the ludovicenses families note and live the process of transmission of cultural and family values. Initially, individual interviews were done with 10 grandmothers and 10 grandchildren. Upon analysis of the content of the interviews, the topics were grouped and created a questionnaire which was applied to 31 ludovicenses grandmothers and 83 grandchildren (41 grandsons and 42 granddaughters). The data obtained through the same were quantified. The data obtained through the same were quantified. The principal results concerning the grandmothers were: 1) as to the meaning of the grandchildren predominated they are my second children and love ; 2) the participation in the life of the grandchildren happens through conversations; 3) the most frequent activities are the visits; 4) the family is what they consider to be the most important thing about São Luis- MA; 5) to emphasize to their grandchildren how valuable education is; 6) as to the particular traditions of the family they considered Christmas, New Year s Day, birthdays to be family festivities ; 7) the grandchildren accept well and participate in everything concerning the family traditions; 8) did not realize any difference between the genders as to the traditions of the family; 9) expect that the grandchildren preserve the union of the family; 10) the differences and similarities between their generation and their grandchildren s, concerning the fact that the grandchildren say what they want, have freedom of expression; 11) and lastly they pointed out that the feelings experienced as grandparents are what they learn from their grandchildren daily. As to the grandchildren, the following was observed: 1) the grandmothers meant wisdom and experience; 2) the conversations were predominant as to the participation and activities done with their grandmothers; 3) what they most transmit to their grandmothers were the games and conversations; 4) the grandchildren, as well as their grandmothers, consider the family to be the most important thing about São Luis; 5) the family traditions are lunches at weekends; 6) showed that their grandmothers accept and receive such traditions very well; 7) consider preserving the teaching their grandmothers passed on to them; 8) as to the differences and similarities among the generations, they reported that in their grandparents time there was more oppression and today everything is more liberal; 9) to take blessings is among the values which changed with the passing time 10) and they think that being grandchildren is to learn from their grandparents. We hope that with the present work we can contribute to the literature about the ludovicense family and to offer subsides to the professionals interested in it. / A ilha de São Luis é a única cidade brasileira fundada pelos franceses, sob o comando de Daniel La Touche, e até hoje possui o maior e mais homogêneo conjunto arquitetônico colonial de origem portuguesa. As influências do burgo, tipicamente lusitanas, em sua colonização originaram uma cultura diversificada, sendo influenciada também por negros e indígenas, a qual é enfatizada nas tradições folclóricas, nas lendas, nos mitos e no sincretismo religioso perpassando gerações. Neste contexto cultural, pensou-se realizar uma pesquisa tendo como objetivo geral investigar como avós e netos, pertencentes às famílias ludovicenses, percebem e vivenciam o processo de transmissão de valores culturais e familiares. Inicialmente, foi realizada entrevista individual com 10 avós e 10 netos. Após a análise de conteúdo das entrevistas, os temas foram agrupados e deram origem a um questionário que foi aplicado a 31 avós e 83 netos ludovicenses (41 netos e 42 netas). Os dados obtidos foram quantificados. Os principais resultados, no que se refere às avós foram: 1) quanto ao significado dos netos predominaram são meus segundos filhos e amor ; 2) a participação na vida dos netos se dá através de conversas; 3) as atividades mais freqüentes são as visitas; 4) no que concerne ao que guardam de mais importante de São Luis MA foi a própria família; 5) transmitem para os seus netos, principalmente, a valorização dos estudos; 6) quanto às tradições próprias da família assinalaram serem as festas familiares (Natal, Ano Novo, aniversários); 7) os netos aceitam bem e participam de tudo o que diz respeito às tradições familiares; 8) não perceberam diferença entre os sexos dos netos no que se refere às tradições da família; 9) esperam que os netos preservem a união da família; 10) as diferenças e semelhanças entre a sua geração e a dos netos, dizem respeito ao fato de que os netos falam o que querem, ou seja, têm liberdade de expressão; 11) por último, assinalam que os sentimentos experimentados como avós são de que aprendem com seus netos a cada dia. Com relação aos netos observou-se o seguinte: 1) o significado das avós foi sabedoria e experiência; 2) quanto à participação e às atividades realizadas com os avós predominaram as conversas; 3) o que eles mais transmitem para os seus avós são as brincadeiras e as conversas; 4) os netos, assim como as avós, guardam de mais importante em São Luis a sua família; 5) as tradições próprias da família são os almoços nos finais de semana; 6) revelaram que os avós aceitam e recebem bem essas tradições; 7) pensam em preservar a educação que os avós passaram; 8) sobre as diferenças e semelhanças entre as gerações responderam que na época dos avós havia mais opressão e hoje é mais liberal; 9) entre os valores que sofreram modificações ao longo do tempo destacou-se tomar a bênção; 10) por fim, acham que ser neto é aprender com os avós. Espera-se, com o presente trabalho contribuir com a literatura sobre a família ludovicense e oferecer subsídios aos profissionais interessados na mesma.

Grandparents fail to communicate sexual matters to the youth. It is their duty to initiate this communication. The escalating numbers of sexually transmitted infections among the youth require grandparents as carers to talk openly. The main purpose of the study was to support grandparents in their communication about sexual matters to the youth. In-depth phenomenological focus group interviews were conducted. Data analysis revealed three themes: grandparents' experience of communication, emotional experience, and the experience of political and social influence. The study developed guidelines for grandparents. The limitations of the study involve the research sample, which was not truly representative of the whole population of East London. The study recommends that all stakeholders be involved in supporting grandparents in their communicating sexual matters to the youth. The researcher recommends further research to describe youth perceptions of communicating sexual matters to grandparents / Health Studies / M.A. (Health Studies)

Grandparents fail to communicate sexual matters to the youth. It is their duty to initiate this communication. The escalating numbers of sexually transmitted infections among the youth require grandparents as carers to talk openly. The main purpose of the study was to support grandparents in their communication about sexual matters to the youth. In-depth phenomenological focus group interviews were conducted. Data analysis revealed three themes: grandparents' experience of communication, emotional experience, and the experience of political and social influence. The study developed guidelines for grandparents. The limitations of the study involve the research sample, which was not truly representative of the whole population of East London. The study recommends that all stakeholders be involved in supporting grandparents in their communicating sexual matters to the youth. The researcher recommends further research to describe youth perceptions of communicating sexual matters to grandparents / Health Studies / M.A. (Health Studies)

Text in German, summaries in German and English / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 190-197) / In dieser Forschungsarbeit wird untersucht, ob und inwieweit transgenerationale Übertragungsprozesse als Folge von psychischen Traumata, welche Vertriebene in und nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg erlebten, heute noch bei Nachfahren in der Kriegsenkelgeneration eine Rolle spielen. Dabei wird unter anderem untersucht, wie sich das Ereignis der Vertreibung mit Blick auf psychische Traumata konkret auswirkte und zu welchen, auch heute noch spürbaren, Symptomen es geführt hat. Auf Grund der Symptome wurden in einer empirischen Untersuchung fünf sogenannte Kriegsenkel interviewt, um zu erfahren, wie Betroffene die Auswirkungen dieser Symptome im Alltag beschreiben und welche Rolle dabei geistliche Erfahrungen spielen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Interviews führen zum Abgleich der Thesen und sollen schlussendlich helfen, praktische Konsequenzen für die Seelsorgearbeit zu ziehen und eine Hilfestellung in der Problemdiagnose zu geben. / This thesis explores if and how transgenerational transfer processes which are a consequence of mental traumata of displaced people in and after World War II still play a role in the lives of their descendants in the generation of the “grandchildren of war”. For one thing it looks at how the event of forced displacement specifically has had an impact on mental traumata and which symptoms have resulted, that are still perceptible today. Based on the symptoms five of the so called “grandchildren of war” have been interviewed in an empirical survey, in order to find out how those affected describe the effects of these symptoms on their everyday lives and which is the role of spiritual experiences. The findings of these interviews are compared to the theses and finally, should help to draw practical conclusions for councelling and offer help to diagnose problems. / Practical Theology / M. Th. (Practical Theology)