Diss. (sammanfattning) Svalöv : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 1999. / Härtill 7 uppsatser.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2002. / Typescript. Vita. Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2002. / Typescript. Vita. Also available on the Internet.

The objective of this study was to determine dairy cattle preference amongst four species of cool-season forage grasses: eight orchardgrasses (Dactylis glomerata L.), five tall fescues [Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort.], five perennial ryegrasses (Lolium perenne L.), and six festuloliums [xFestulolium braunii (K. Richt.) A. Camus.]; 24 cultivars in total. Each grazing trial utilized four Holstein-Friesian heifers over six hours. Maturity differences were eliminated by having animals graze only vegetative material. After six grazing trials (three each in 2014 and 2015), consistent results in animal preference were not found; three of the six trials did show preference (P

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar produção de forragem, valor nutritivo, frações nitrogenadas e as características morfogénicas da pastagem irrigada de Cynodon spp. e adubado com nitrogênio com dose parcelada ou singular. O experimento foi conduzido na Unidade de Ensino e Pesquisa de Bovinocultura de corte da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná – Câmpus Dois Vizinhos, Sudoeste do Paraná, entre 09 de novembro de 2015 a 31 de março de 2016. A área experimental foi de 1,5 ha com pastagem de Estrela Africana (Cynodon spp.) irrigada, subdividida em 18 piquetes de áreas semelhantes, com média de 400 m2. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado para as avaliações de produção, valor nutritivo, fracionamento protéico e as características morfogênicas da pastagem, com três tratamentos e seis repetições. Os tratamentos avaliados foram: 1A: Uma aplicação, 2A: Duas aplicações e 4A: quatro aplicações de N, com intervalos de dois pós-pastejos, totalizando a fração estabelecida de 200 kg de N ha-1. As avaliações da forragem foram determinadas diretamente através de três cortes nas condições de pré e pós-pastejo a cinco centímetros do solo, ajustadas para cada mês do ano. Para a análise da composição química, as amostras foram obtidas pela técnica de simulação de pastejo. As características morfogênicas foram obtidas pela técnica de perfilhos marcados durante o período de descanso. A taxa de acúmulo, massa de forragem pré pastejo, massa foliar, massa de colmo e material morto, apresentaram interação tratamento x mês (P<0,05). No entanto, não foram observadas diferenças significativas (P>0,05) no valor nutritivo e no fracionamento de nitrogênio total entre os tratamentos. As características morfogênicas apresentaram diferença significativa (P<0,05) para a aplicação singular e parcelada em até duas vezes. Pastagens de Cynodon spp. podem ser adubadas com 200 kg de nitrogênio por hectare em uma única dose sem interferência no valor nutritivo e sem alterações nas frações proteicas e resultados superiores nas características morfogênicas. / The objective of the study was to evaluate forage yield, nutritive value, nitrogen fractions and morphogenic characteristics of irrigated nitrogen fertilized on pasture of Cynodon spp. with split or single dose. The experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research Unit of beef cattle breading of the Federal Technological University of Paraná, Campus Dois Vizinhos, South-West of Paraná. The experimental area was 1.5 ha with pasture of Cynodon ssp. irrigated, subdivided in 18 paddocks of similar areas, with an average of 400 m2. Experimental design was of completely randomized for the evaluation of production, nutritional value, protein fractionation and for the morphogenic characteristics, with three treatments and six repetitions. Treatments evaluated were: 1A: One application, 2A: Two applications and 4A: four applications of N, with intervals of two post-grazing, totalizing the established fraction. Forage evaluations were determined directly by three cuts in pre-and post-grazing to five cm of the soil, adjusted for each month of the year. For the analysis of chemical composition, samples were obtained by the grazing hand-plucked method. The morphogenic characteristics were obtained by the marked tills technique during the rest period. Data of accumulation rate, pregrazing forage mass, leaf mass, stem mass and dead material presented treatment x month interaction (P<0.05). However, no significant differences were observed (P> 0.05) in the nutritional value and total nitrogen fractionation between treatments. The morphogenic characteristics showed a significant difference (P <0.05) for the single and split application in two times. the pasture of Cynodon can be fertilized with 200 kg of nitrogen per hectare in single dose without interference on nutritional value and without alterations in the protein fractions and superior results in the morphogenic characteristics.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-10-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:01:07Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 maciel_cdg_dr_botfca.pdf: 4558359 bytes, checksum: 0776cfa53f6d57830969703b5def9fbf (MD5) / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a viabilidade de uso do anidrido naftálico (NA) no tratamento de sementes de espécies gramíneas, assim como no tratamento de toletes de Saccharum spp, contra os efeitos causados por herbicidas inibidores da síntese de carotenóides. O trabalho foi constituído de quatro etapas, sendo as etapas 1 e 3 conduzidas a campo e em casa de vegetação no NUPAM/FCA/UNESP, Botucatu-SP, e as etapas 2 e 4, em estufa plástica e a campo na ESAPP e Empresa Guacho S/A, Paraguaçu Paulista-SP. Nas etapas 1, 2 e 3, de forma geral, foi estudado para as espécies Sorghum bicolor; Penisetum americanum, Panicum maximum, Brachiaria brizantha e Zea mays o efeito da combinação ou não do tratamento de sementes com NA submetidas ao uso dos herbicidas isoxaflutole (IFT) e clomazone, utilizando-se diferentes dosagens, tipos de solos e formas de aplicação. Na etapa 4 foi estudada a combinação de NA no tratamento de toletes da variedade SP 813250 (testemunhas sem NA; aplicação por imersão em solução de 3,0 g L-1 por duas horas; pulverização de 25 g ha-1 de NA sobre os colmos) e herbicida (testemunha; 112 g ha-1 de isoxaflutole; 1440 g ha-1 de metribuzin), e mais um tratamento adicional, onde os toletes foram imersos apenas em água sem adição de NA. O uso de NA (0,50% de p/p) no tratamento de sementes reduziu a intoxicação do híbrido Colorado 32 contra a ação do isoxaflutole, em pré-emergência da cultura, assim como favoreceu o aumento da produtividade dos híbridos Cargill 435 e Colorado 32, na ausência ou presença do efeito herbicida. O tratamento de sementes com NA (0,50% de p/p) protegeu a espécie S. bicolor BR 304 contra os sintomas visuais de intoxicação do isoxaflutole (112 g ha-1) e clomazone (1000 g ha-1)... / The present work had as objective to analyze the viability of naphthalic anhydride (NA) use in grass crops, through seed treatment, as well as in stalks treatment of Saccharum spp, against the effects caused by carotenoid synthesis inhibitor herbicides. The work was constituted by four step, being the 1st and 3rd ones carried out in field conditions and glasshouse at the NUPAM/FCA/UNESP, Botucatu - São Paulo State; 2nd and 4th step were conducted in plastic greenhouse and field at the ESAPP and Guacho S/A, Paraguaçu Paulista - São Paulo State. In a general way, 1st, 2nd and 3rd step was studied Sorghum bicolor; Penisetum americanum, Panicum maximum; Brachiaria brizantha and Zea mays L. species in the combination with the effect or not of seed treatment with NA submitted to the isoxaflutole and clomazone, being used different doses, kinds of soils and application forms. In 4th step, treatments included the combination of three conditions of NA stalk treatment, SP 813250 variety (check without NA; application by immersion in solution of 3,0 g L-1 of NA for two hours; spraying of 25 g ha-1 of NA over the stalks) and three herbicide conditions (check without herbicide; 112 g ha-1 at isoxaflutole; 1440 g ha-1 at metribuzin), and an additional treatment, where the stalks were just put inside water without NA. Seed treatment with NA (0,50% of w/w) reduced Colorado 32 hybrid intoxication by isoxaflutole action in preemergence of the crop, as well as favored the increase of Cargill 435 and Colorado 32 hybrids yield, in the absence or presence of herbicide effect. Seed treatment with NA (0,50% of p/p) protected S. bicolor BR 307 against the visual isoxaflutole (112 g ha-1) and clomazone (1000 g ha-1... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below)

Orientador: Edson Luiz Mendes Coutinho / Banca: Mara Cristina Pessôa da Cruz / Banca: Takashi Muraoka / Resumo: O fosfato decantado (FD), subproduto resultante do tratamento de efluentes da produção de ácido fosfórico (H3PO4), é considerado um passivo ambiental podendo acarretar obrigações econômicas aos fabricantes de fertilizantes fosfatados. Nesse sentido, conduziu-se esse experimento em casa de vegetação utilizando-se vasos preenchidos com amostras de um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico textura média (LVd) com objetivo principal de avaliar os efeitos do FD no perfilhamento e na produção de massa seca da parte aérea do capim-marandu (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu) por três crescimentos consecutivos, na presença e ausência de calcário. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com três repetições, obedecendo a um esquema fatorial 6 x 2 x 2 [seis doses de P; duas fontes de P; presença (C/C) e ausência de calcário (S/C)]. As doses de P foram 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 e 150 mg kg-1 de P. As fontes de P foram o FD e o superfosfato triplo (ST) (fonte de referência). O calcário foi aplicado ao solo em quantidade calculada a fim de elevar a saturação por bases do solo a 60%. Verificou-se que a adubação fosfatada promoveu incrementos significativos na produção de perfilhos e de massa seca da parte aérea do capim-marandu, sendo que o FD não diferiu significativamente do ST na ausência de calcário, porém foi significativamente inferior na presença desse corretivo. O fornecimento de P ao solo pelo FD foi favorecida pela acidez do solo que foi aumentada com o decorrer do experimento. Os níveis críticos de P no solo e na parte aérea do capim-marandu foram 15 mg dm-3 e 1,2 g kg-1, respectivamente / Abstract: The decanted phosphate (DF), by-product of wastewater treatment of phosphoric acid production (H3PO4), is considered an environmental liability and resulting economic obligations to the phosphate fertilizer manufacturers. In this sense, this experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using pots filled with samples of a sandy clay loam Typic Haplustox with main objective to evaluate the effects of DF at tillering and shoot dry matter production of marandu grass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu) during three consecutive growths in the presence and absence of lime. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized experimental design with three replications, according to a factorial 6 x 2 x 2 [six rates of P; two sources of P; presence (P/L) and absence of lime (A/L)]. The rates of P were 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 mg kg-1 of P. The sources of P were the DF and triple superphosphate (TS) (reference source). Lime was applied to the soil in an amount calculated to raise the soil base saturation to 60%. It was found that the phosphate fertilization caused a significant increase in tillers number and shoot dry matter of marandu grass, and the DF did not differ significantly from the TS in the absence of lime, but was significantly lower in the presence of this correction. P supply to the soil by FD was favored by soil acidity which was increased in the course of the experiment The critical levels of P in soil and the marandu grass shoot were 15 mg dm-3 and 1.2 g kg-1, respectively / Mestre

Orientador: Jorge de Lucas Júnior / Banca: Mônica Sarolli Silva de Mendonça Costa / Banca: Silvana Martinez Baraldi Artoni / Resumo: O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o uso de três tipos de cama de frango e sua ação na produção de biogás. Foram utilizados 720 pintos de corte da linhagem Cobb 500®, distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três tratamentos e oito repetições com 30 aves cada. Os tratamentos consistiram de diferentes tipos de cama: T1: cama de maravalha; T2: cama de casca de amendoim; T3: cama de capim napier. As características avaliadas nos frangos foram: desempenho, rendimento de carcaça e de partes e densitometria óssea. Para as camas determinou-se a produção, a composição química e os potenciais de produção de biogás de cama (biodigestores do tipo contínuo e batelada) de frangos de corte. As camas e as excretas alimentaram os biodigestores com quatro repetições por tratamento. Foi realizada a análise de variância dos dados e em caso de significância estatística foi adotado o procedimento de comparação das médias pelo Teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Não houve diferença significativa (p<0,05) entre os tratamentos para nenhuma das características de desempenho das aves (ganho de peso, peso médio, consumo de ração e conversão alimentar). O tratamento com cama de maravalha quando comparado aos demais tratamentos apresentou diferença significativa com relação ao rendimento da coxa e sobrecoxa e também para as características densitométricas. Foram também observados os maiores valores para a composição mineral óssea e a densidade mineral óssea. Para o teor de minerais, a cama de casca de amendoim apresentou o maior teor de nitrogênio e o capim napier o maior teor de potássio, diferindo significativamente dos demais tratamentos. O tratamento em se que utilizou a cama de maravalha apresentou valores maiores e significativos (P<0,05) para FDN, FDA e Lignina. A maior produção de biogás e de metano foi obtida nos biodigestores semi-contínuos abastecidos com capim napier, observando se ... / Abstract: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the use of three types of poultry litter and its effect on biogas production. 720 broiler chicks Cobb 500 ® line were distributed in a completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 8 replicates of 30 birds each were utilized. Treatments consisted of different bed types: T1: Shavings; T2: Bark Peanut; T3: Napier grass. The characteristics evaluated were: performance, carcass and parts, bone densitometry, production, chemical composition and potential of biogas production from poultry litter (digesters continuous type and batch). The poultry litter and excreta were distributed in digesters with 4 replicates per treatment. Analysis of variance was performed and in case of statistical significance was adopted procedure for comparison of means by Tukey test at 5% probability. There was no significant difference (p <0.05) between treatments for any of the performance characteristics of birds (GP, PM, RC and AC). Treatment with shavings when compared to the other treatments showed significant difference with respect to the income of the thigh and drumstick and also for densitometric characteristics showed higher values for bone mineral content and bone mineral density. For the mineral content, the Double Peanut Bark the highest level of Nitrogen and Napier grass the highest level of potassium, differing significantly from the other treatments. The treatment that used the shavings had higher and significant values (P <0.05) for NDF, ADF and lignin. The higher production of biogas and methane was obtained in semi-continuous digesters supplied with napier grass, observing mean values of 0.00319 and 0.13762 m³ kg, respectively. The potential for methane production was significantly different between treatments peanut shell and napier grass in relation to treatment with wood shavings, which has the potential of producing 0.2346 m³ / kg VS added. For treatment in digesters of the batch type napier ... / Mestre

Magister Scientiae (Biodiversity and Conservation Biology) / The spread of invasive species is one of the greatest threats to global biodiversity. Alien plant invasions also have serious economic impact in terms of the delivery of ecosystem goods and services. Studies of biological invasions in southern Africa have tended to overlook grasses (family Poaceae), although there are many naturalised species in the region. Only a few of these, all perennials, have been officially categorised as invasive in South Africa, but in the winter rainfall region of the Western Cape, grass invasion especially by Mediterranean European annuals have also been noted. These grasses can be difficult to identify. DNA barcoding has been suggested as an alternative method of identifying grasses in the hope of facilitating identification of existing invaders and preventing future invasions. In this study a list of all known naturalised grasses in South Africa was compiled, and a DNA barcoding reference database was assembled for these naturalised grass species as well as for native southern African grass species. The two official markers for plant DNA barcoding (rbcLa + matK) were used in barcoding and phylogenetic analyses, both individually and in combination. The barcoding data was assessed for identification efficacy using three distance-based metrics and one tree-based metric in the R package SPIDER, both including and excluding singleton data. This study lists 128 naturalised grass species and subspecies found in South Africa. In the DNA barcoding analyses, matK was found to perform better as a single barcode than rbcLa, with identification success rates of up to 84% for matK and 76% for rbcLa, using the most successful metric which was the Nearest Neighbour criterion for both of these markers in the data sets without singletons. The combined rbcLa + matK data set performed better than either of the two individual markers, with identification success rates of up to 91% in the data without singletons, with the most successful metric again being the Nearest Neighbour criterion. The combined rbcLa + matK data would therefore be the recommended DNA barcode for southern African grasses of the three data sets tested, based on the results of this study. Phylogenetic trees were constructed with the DNA barcoding data using Bayesian Inference (BI) and Maximum Parsimony (MP) to assess the usefulness of the data in phylogenetic studies and to confirm the efficacy of this grass DNA barcoding data when using tree-based methods of identification. Both the matK and combined datasets resolved all of the grass tribes represented in this study as monophyletic, but the rbcLa data did not.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-06T13:03:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-06-24. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-10-06T13:18:53Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000848926.pdf: 893528 bytes, checksum: 5d68e4b9a0e5e6982edecd808d422753 (MD5) / O fosfato decantado (FD), subproduto resultante do tratamento de efluentes da produção de ácido fosfórico (H3PO4), é considerado um passivo ambiental podendo acarretar obrigações econômicas aos fabricantes de fertilizantes fosfatados. Nesse sentido, conduziu-se esse experimento em casa de vegetação utilizando-se vasos preenchidos com amostras de um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico textura média (LVd) com objetivo principal de avaliar os efeitos do FD no perfilhamento e na produção de massa seca da parte aérea do capim-marandu (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu) por três crescimentos consecutivos, na presença e ausência de calcário. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com três repetições, obedecendo a um esquema fatorial 6 x 2 x 2 [seis doses de P; duas fontes de P; presença (C/C) e ausência de calcário (S/C)]. As doses de P foram 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 e 150 mg kg-1 de P. As fontes de P foram o FD e o superfosfato triplo (ST) (fonte de referência). O calcário foi aplicado ao solo em quantidade calculada a fim de elevar a saturação por bases do solo a 60%. Verificou-se que a adubação fosfatada promoveu incrementos significativos na produção de perfilhos e de massa seca da parte aérea do capim-marandu, sendo que o FD não diferiu significativamente do ST na ausência de calcário, porém foi significativamente inferior na presença desse corretivo. O fornecimento de P ao solo pelo FD foi favorecida pela acidez do solo que foi aumentada com o decorrer do experimento. Os níveis críticos de P no solo e na parte aérea do capim-marandu foram 15 mg dm-3 e 1,2 g kg-1, respectivamente / The decanted phosphate (DF), by-product of wastewater treatment of phosphoric acid production (H3PO4), is considered an environmental liability and resulting economic obligations to the phosphate fertilizer manufacturers. In this sense, this experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using pots filled with samples of a sandy clay loam Typic Haplustox with main objective to evaluate the effects of DF at tillering and shoot dry matter production of marandu grass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu) during three consecutive growths in the presence and absence of lime. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized experimental design with three replications, according to a factorial 6 x 2 x 2 [six rates of P; two sources of P; presence (P/L) and absence of lime (A/L)]. The rates of P were 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 mg kg-1 of P. The sources of P were the DF and triple superphosphate (TS) (reference source). Lime was applied to the soil in an amount calculated to raise the soil base saturation to 60%. It was found that the phosphate fertilization caused a significant increase in tillers number and shoot dry matter of marandu grass, and the DF did not differ significantly from the TS in the absence of lime, but was significantly lower in the presence of this correction. P supply to the soil by FD was favored by soil acidity which was increased in the course of the experiment The critical levels of P in soil and the marandu grass shoot were 15 mg dm-3 and 1.2 g kg-1, respectively