The study attempts to determine the degree of powerlessness and the deferment of gratification among children as measured by instruments designed for this purpose. An effort will be made to test whether the deferred gratification pattern exists in inverse relationship to the feeling of powerlessness among the lower classes; and to determine whether children who feel they are estranged from society have a psychological need for an impulsive release of feelings.

Rapid advancement of the Internet and Information technology has not only affected our lives, but also affected our way of learning. Based on the Uses and Gratifications theory, the primary purpose of this study is the interrelationship between motivation and gratification level, and that between activities and personality of the employees who participate in the enterprise e-learning portal. The main findings of this study are as followed: 1. employees who have Internet at home have a stronger motivation on e-learning than those who have do not. 2. employees who have a higher goal-oriented and learning-oriented motivation spend more time on information searching, on-line learning, course discussions and on-line interacting than those who have a lower motivation. 3. no obvious difference is found between different on-line activities and gratifications, but there appears certain distance between motivation and gratification.

In 2004, Tim O¡¦Reilly brought up the ideas ofWEB 2.0 to describe the internet phenomenon for the incoming future.Tim noticed the WEB 2.0 concept that focused on the internet characteristics such as user-generation involvement ,openness API structure, and the group sharing and interactions. He predicted the websites owners will create internet surroundings which will be controlled by user themselves.Also, the owners will return the authorities such as publishing contents and feedback of the articles on websites to the users. According to that, this study through the ¡uUse and Gratification¡vtheory to focus on evolving the individual difference between users motivations, behaviors and satisfications when they having the more and greater freedoms on internet. This study found that the users between 20 to 40 years old are the majority who lives the WEB 2.0 internet surroundings. For these researches, female users are more than males, and approximately 41.9% users log on the WEB2.0 websites six times a week, 46.6% of overall users surf on these websites for one to two hours. The most common activities the users do is ¡uinformation collection and sharing¡v, between 21:00 to 00:00. Furthermore, this study through the personnal characteristics found that the ages, professions, sex, and educations have siginificant differences on the motivation of using internet. Also, the convience of download and upload information has the highest scale on user¡¦s satisfication. This research indicates that users are more satisfied on information convience than other functions when staying in the WEB2.0 interface platforms. Besides, this study also found on the ¡usatisfication of achievements¡vaspect of motivations, not only the anticipated¡usatisfication of achievement¡vaspect, but also ¡uconvenience of information collection and delievery¡v¡B¡usatisfication of entertainment and interaction¡vand¡usatisfication of psychological performance¡v aspects have siginificant positive influence on the user¡¦s behaviors and overall satisfications. This study also proved the ideas Tim O¡¦Reilly mentioned before, which is about increasing individual values under the user-generation-content interface.

Utvecklingen av sociala medier såsom t.ex. Facebook och Instagram har inneburit nya möjligheter att kommunicera sin livsstil och sina personliga val, som överskrider såväl kulturella som geografiska gränser. Nya gemenskaper skapas. Detta får betydelse för hur konsumenter kommunicerar med varandra samt hur märkesinnehavarna kommunicerar med sina kunder. Syftet med min studie är att undersöka hur en märkesinnehavare inom mode använder sociala medier, i detta fall Instagram, i sin kommunikation med kunderna för att skapa engagemang kring sitt varumärke. Aktuell forskning visar att värde i varumärket skapas genom en ömsesidig kommunikation mellan märkesinnehavaren och konsumenterna. Kommunikationen sker både mellan märkesinnehavare och konsumenter samt mellan konsumenterna i en märkesgemenskap. Storytelling är ett verksamt medel i denna meningsskapande process. En semiotisk analys användes för att analysera bilderna och hur de bidrar till märkets storytelling. Resultatet visar att Instagram ger märkesinnehavare och konsumenter möjlighet att gemensamt skapa värde. De tekniska funktionerna i applikationen gör det lätt för märkesinnehavare att interagera med sina konsumenter och skapa en dynamisk märkesgemenskap. På Sabo Skirts instagramkonto är märkesinnehavaren och följarna tillsammans märkets författare. Följarna använder kläderna och ger dem betydelse i sin egen vardag samtidigt som märkesinnehavaren skapar möjligheter för dem att synas på ett instagramkonto med 1,5 miljoner följare. Detta kan tolkas med hjälp av teorin uses and gratifications som säger att användningen av media alltid är målinriktad. Människor väljer aktivt media efter vilka deras behov är och hur väl användningen tillfredsställer dessa behov.

Die vorliegende Dissertation befasst sich mit der seit Beginn der neunziger Jahre des 20. Jahrhunderts kontinuierlich gestiegenen Erwerbspartizipation von Studierenden während der Vorlesungszeit. Die Entwicklung dieses Verhaltens wurde vor dem Hintergrund der gesunkenen Bereitschaft zum Belohnungsaufschub theoretisch erklärt und empirisch untersucht. Dazu wurde eine Online-Befragung durchgeführt, an der sich 529 Studierende aus verschiedenen deutschen Städten beteiligten. Resultierend aus der statistischen Analyse der gewonnenen Daten zeigte sich, dass die Stärke der psychischen Belastungen, die durch einen Belohnungsaufschub entstehen, den Umfang der wöchentlich investierten Zeit in einen studentischen Erwerb beeinflussen. Weitere Effekte gingen bei der Erklärung der Bedingungen, die die Intensität eines studentischen Erwerbs befördern, von konsumtiven und hedonistischen Wertorientierungen der Studierenden aus. Darüber hinaus spielen vorstrukturierende, studienbezogene Maßnahmen in den Fachbereichen der Hochschulen, antizipierte berufsperspektivische Unwägbarkeiten auf dem Arbeitsmarkt sowie Bestrebungen der Studierenden hinsichtlich größerer finanzieller Unabhängigkeit eine Rolle bei der Ausübung von Nebenjobs.

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

No description available.

Problem: The dating reality show If You Are the One, won the largest audience rating in China after 2 weeks of its debut.  The sudden popularity led to more and more TV stations rushing to produce dating reality shows, and the majority gets even higher ratings from critics, from media, the Chinese government and common Chinese citizens. Method: Quantitative analysis of a multi-question online survey by logistic regression to determine whether certain variables, identified through academic research, correlate with satisfaction and use by audiences. Result: There are three types of audience. One is eager to get married and aims at finding true love through dating shows or getting some guidance for finding their perfect match. The second is already married and consider their relationship with their spouse to be a major life issue.  They will hope to receive beneficial advice from watching dating shows. The third type simply watches for entertainment, to relax after a day of harsh work and study.  All the audiences watch dating shows, more or less trust on the authenticity of TV and dating shows.

The Web 2.0 concept brought up the trends of growing rapidly interactive websites which were based on the internet characteristics such as upload creations, member votes, and even the the exchange of the gifts. In a brief summery, all the incredible activities are growing mainly under the encouragement of the diversity and accumulation of the users¡¦ engagements. This study is based on the reference to the user experience and interface activities of kinds of popular Web2.0 websites. Also, through the 480 questionnaires samples and researches, this study tried to find the possible motivative activities and knowledge sharing models according to the users¡¦ motives, behaviors and self-gratification. Furthermore, this study also focused on the evaluation to the users¡¦ self-gratification after the extrinsic motivate rewards which were published to the general users. The study results appeared that when the virtual community platforms adopt different kinds of motivate rewards; the positive influence is always existed between the user motive and the outside motivation rewards. To particularly point out, the extrinsic rewards of praising in public and community usefulness has the highest correlation through the Pearson correlation analysis. Also, the outside motivate activities will affect the interactive behaviors between the users accordingly. On the personal characteristics observation, the ages and educations have significant differences to the users¡¦ motive. And the user experience of virtual community websites such as the quantities of accounts, frequency to visit the websites, and the average time of staying on the website have significant differences to user motives. And on the perspective of motivation and user behaviors, the results basically are similar with the theory of uses and gratification. There is above 50% samples pointed out that trust and identification are the important key factors on all the websites activities between users. Especially the human-human interaction is the most popular one during the research. To conclude all the research efforts, this study made a prior research on the new internet activities and provided some ideas on the correlations of the motive, behaviors and gratification on users¡¦ side. Through the concrete results hope may have the study bases for further market researches or much practical reference to the website business management.

In the past, the main audiences of TV serials in Taiwan are housewives, but less TV serials set youngsters as target audiences. Recently, the appearance of ¡§Taiwan idol dramas¡¨ that plots are close to youngsters¡¦ life styles gives the youngsters a different choice and becomes a popular TV serial type among youngsters. ¡§Love¡¨ is an important element in Taiwan idol drama. For attracting audiences¡¦ attention, the producers will focus on the plots about love and make the contents that fit to the audiences¡¦ favor. The producers and screenwriters pay much attention on the plot-setting, but they ignore how they affect audiences¡¦ values and expectance for love of the society. For finding the relationship between Taiwan idol dramas and female audiences, the research combines cultivation and Use & Gratification, two different ways of audience research. By content analysis, the research defines the love world in Taiwan idol dramas. By questionnaire survey, the research understands the impressions and opinions for Taiwan idol dramas of female audiences with different viewing motives, viewing behaviors, and love experiences. Results show the particular love concept in Taiwan idol dramas will influence love concept of female audiences, and the love concept will be strengthened when they are heavy viewers. With much more motives like entertainment and information-learning, the particular love concept of audiences will be strengthened by the particular love concept in Taiwan idol dramas, but with much more motive like ritual viewing, the particular love concept of audiences will be weakened by the particular love concept in Taiwan idol dramas. No matter the audiences lack love experiences or have blessed love experiences, the love concept in Taiwan idol dramas will not influence love concept of audiences.