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This thesis studies five mainstream British weekly magazines: 'Time and Tide', the 'Nation and Athenaeum', the 'Spectator', the 'Listener', and the 'New Statesman'. It explores how these magazines reviewed, discussed and analysed modernist literature over an eighteen-year span, 1920-37. Over this period, and in these magazines, the concept of modernism developed. Drawing on work by philosopher Ian Hacking, this research traces how the idea of modernism emerged into the public realm. It focuses largely on the book reviews printed in these magazines, texts that played an important and underappreciated role in negotiations between modernist texts and the audience of these magazines. Chapter 1, on 'Time and Tide', covers a period from the magazine's inception in 1920 to 1926, and draws particularly on Catherine Clay's work on this magazine. It discusses the genre of 'weekly review' that this new magazine attempted to join, and the cultural place of modernism in the early 1920s. Chapter 2, on the 'Nation and Athenaeum', covers Leonard Woolf's literary editorship (1923-30), under the ownership of J. M. Keynes, and makes use of Keynes's archive at King's College, Cambridge, and Woolf's at the University of Sussex. Chapter 3, on the 'Spectator', covers Evelyn Wrench's editorship (1925-32), and explores the relationship between this magazine, ideologies of conservatism, and modernism. Chapter 4, on the 'Listener', focuses on the magazine's publication of new poetry, including an extraordinary 1933 supplement that printed W. H. Auden's 'The Witnesses'. This work revolves around Janet Adam Smith, literary editor in these years, and draws on Smith's archive at the National Library of Scotland as well as the BBC archives at Caversham. Chapter 5, on the 'New Statesman' in the 1930s under new editor Kingsley Martin, explores a period when modernism was more widely recognized, and pays particular attention to a short text by James Joyce printed in 1932, 'From a Banned Writer to a Banned Singer'.

Winston S. Churchill was a war leader during two world wars, and yet there are few substantive studies of his younger years when he was a practising soldier. This thesis aims to study the early intellectual development of Churchill in those areas which have direct impact on the art of war. The chapters are arranged narratively (Chapters 2-3) and thematically (Chapters 4-8). The introduction covers the scope and methodology of the work. Chapters 2-3 give an account of Churchill's early years, and trace the development of several prominent features of his character that helped form and inform the presuppositions of his later military intellectual development. Chapter 4 addresses Churchill's interactions with late Victorian cavalry doctrine and debate. Chapters 5-7 each address themes of an expanding scope of influence and conceptualization: first, the tactics of war; second, the policy and strategy of war; and finally, Churchill's conceptions of war. The conclusion summarizes the hallmarks and syntheses of Churchill's early military intellectual development, and identifies judgments which can be drawn about his perspicacity as soldier and commander.

The experiences of Catholic lay women after Emancipation are largely absent from the historical narrative in England, in part, due to their portrayal in popular culture as especially passive and submissive to assumed patriarchal and hierarchical controls from the Church. Yet during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, an ostensibly patriarchal religion became a locus of empowerment for some women. In this dissertation, I posit that the Catholic Church could be a place for expressions of unconventional religiosity and reinterpretations of Catholic “True Womanhood” and domesticity. I show that in some cases, personal interpretations of Catholic womanhood demonstrated slippages of the True Woman trope, reflecting contemporary influences like the New Woman and modernity, yet all were underpinned by a devout faith. I argue that the Catholic faith provided a space for some women to assert themselves in the private and public spheres in ways previously unnoted in scholarship, due to their gender or faith. This dissertation will address this significant lacuna in the scholarship by tracing the work and lives of four exceptional lay Catholic women – Margaret Fletcher, Maude Petre, Mabel Batten and Radclyffe Hall. The lives of these women demonstrate that there were Catholic women living unconventional and often unorthodox lives while exemplifying striking examples of pious Catholicism. For some, conversion to Catholicism was itself a radical choice, demonstrating an atypicality of belief and action that was echoed in other areas of their lives. A conjunction of the themes of marriage, domesticity, religion, gender, class, conversion, and sexuality informs my discussion of how these four remarkable women powerfully asserted aspects their faith while transgressing boundaries traditionally assumed for lay Catholic women. By drawing from privately held collections, as well as numerous archives, this dissertation uses the examples of these four women of unconventional religiosity in the years c.1880-c.1920 to provide rare evidence of the often hidden lives of lay Catholic women in England. / 2024-10-31T00:00:00Z

This dissertation surveys electoral change in Great Britain during the period between 1979 and 1996. It analyzes the long-term factors and the short-term dynamics underlying the evolution of three aspects of the electorate: party identification, voting intentions and party support in inter-election periods. Drawing on cross-sectional and panel data from the British Election Studies and public opinion polls, I investigate the impacts of long-term socialization and short-term perceptions on voters' political decisions. I hypothesize that, over the last four elections, perceptual factors such as evaluations of party leaders and issues, particularly economic concerns, emerged as the major forces that account for the volatility in electoral behavior in Britain. Accordingly, this study is divided into three sections: Part I probes into the evolution in party identification across age cohorts and social classes as illustrated in trends in partisanship. Part II focuses on changes in voting intentions as affected by perceptual factors and party identification. Part III investigates the public's support for governing parties by analyzing the dynamics of aggregate party support during inter-election periods.

From 1906 to 1912 the British police contended with the struggles of militant suffragettes and active unionists. In facing the disturbances associated with the suffragette movement and union mobilization, the police confronted the dual problems of maintaining the public order essential to the survival and welfare of the kingdom while at the same time assuring to individuals the liberty necessary for Britain's further progress. This dissertation studies those police activities in detail.

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No description available.