Heritage tourism and the concept of sustainability have some certain intrinsic associations between each other. They both possess the characteristics of inheritance and continuance. In 2015, World Heritage Convention has stated that it is critical to consider present and future needs from economic, societal and environmental aspects when conserving the heritage resources. The Great Wall is one of the most popular and well-known heritage tourism destinations throughout the world, which was designated on the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 1987. Badaling Great Wall, as the study case in the thesis, is one of the eight sections of the Great Wall being located in Beijing. Based on the review of previous literature, there are a lot of research studying on heritage tourism within the context of sustainability from the aspect of local resident. However, there is little research studying from the perspective of tourist, who are the major consumers, financial support and a key group of stakeholders in heritage tourism. Hence, this thesis puts emphasis on exploring the current challenges to sustainability at Badaling Great Wall site, through investigating its current situation of sustainability from a tourist perspective. The research findings are that Badaling Great Wall site has confront several management-related challenges. Lack of commercial appeal and promotion, absence of cooperation between stakeholders, the negative effects caused by excessive visitors, lack of efficient energy, water and waste management, and absence of a sound scheme for monitoring the situation of heritage conservation and supervising negative tourist behaviors.

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He, Jie. / Thesis submitted in: October 2008. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 219-236). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.i / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.v / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.ix / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.xiii / Chapter Chapter 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Background --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- The Development of the Cultural Route Concept --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- The Delimitation of Heritage Definitions and Conservation --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2 --- Research Questions --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Shortcomings of Delimitations and Their Implementation in Cultural Routes --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Authenticity as a Subject of Investigation and Planning Support --- p.11 / Chapter 1.3 --- Research Definition --- p.12 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Research Objectives --- p.13 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Significance of Study --- p.13 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.15 / Chapter 2.1 --- Cultural Route Heritage Disciplines and Protection Practices --- p.15 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Theoretical and Methodological Investigations --- p.15 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Delimitations and Case Studies --- p.17 / Chapter 2.2 --- Routes and Associated Landscape Studies carried out by Archaeologists --- p.24 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Archaeological Route Studies --- p.25 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Landscape Archaeological Module and Cases --- p.26 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Methodology and technology --- p.29 / Chapter 2.3 --- "Landscape Archaeology and ,GIS applications" --- p.29 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Landscape Archaeology through the Cognitive Paradigm --- p.30 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Information Technology and GIS Support --- p.31 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- GIS Support for Heritage --- p.33 / Chapter 2.4 --- GIS for Cultural Resource Management --- p.34 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Gap between Practice and Research --- p.35 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- The Potential of GIS for Conservation Planning in CRM --- p.37 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Problems in Gonservation Planning Relating to Heritage Value --- p.39 / Chapter 2.5 --- Perceptual Archaeology and GIS Applications. --- p.40 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Archaeological Yisibility --- p.41 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Cost Surface Analysis --- p.47 / Chapter 2.6 --- Problem-oriented Applications of Visibility and Cost-surface Analysis --- p.50 / Chapter 2.6.1 --- Single Factor Approaches --- p.50 / Chapter 2.6.2 --- Social and Cultural Interpretations --- p.52 / Chapter 2.6.3 --- Path Studies --- p.53 / Chapter 2.7 --- Visual Resource Management Researches by the Author --- p.54 / Chapter 2.8 --- Summary and Discussion --- p.54 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- SYSTEM DESIGN --- p.59 / Chapter 3.1 --- Research Questions --- p.59 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Authenticity and the Reified Attributes --- p.60 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Definition of Attributes --- p.62 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Authenticity Interpretations through Spatial Interrelationships --- p.65 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- Authenticity Interpretations through Functionalities --- p.67 / Chapter 3.1.5 --- The Scale Issue --- p.69 / Chapter 3.1.6 --- Technical Potentials in GIS --- p.70 / Chapter 3.2 --- The System Framework --- p.71 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Path Replication and Prediction --- p.73 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Control of Space --- p.77 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Cultural Landscapes in Cultural Route Spatial Analysis --- p.82 / Chapter 3.3 --- Management and Delimitations --- p.85 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Allocations --- p.85 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Delimitations in Categories --- p.86 / Chapter 3.4 --- Summary --- p.90 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY --- p.91 / Chapter 4.1 --- Background Dataset. --- p.91 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- DEM --- p.91 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Mapping Scales --- p.96 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- "Historical Topography and Landscape Reconstruction," --- p.98 / Chapter 4.2 --- Cost Surface Analysis --- p.102 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Movement Singulation --- p.103 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Path Selection --- p.105 / Chapter 4.3 --- Cost Surface Modeling --- p.107 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Attributes Introduced --- p.108 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Cost-Surface Model Making --- p.110 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Visibility as a Cost --- p.114 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Algorithms --- p.121 / Chapter 4.3.5 --- rSpatial Control of Property --- p.128 / Chapter 4.4 --- Technical Issues and Validation --- p.137 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Technical Issues of Visibility Studies --- p.138 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Cost-Surface Analysis Conberns --- p.141 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Validations --- p.142 / Chapter 4.5 --- Summary --- p.143 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- CASE STUDY OF THE GREAT WALL --- p.145 / Chapter 5.1 --- Background --- p.145 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Previous Research --- p.145 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Great Wall Conservation --- p.149 / Chapter 5.2 --- Case Study Design --- p.150 / Chapter 5.3 --- Data Sources and Data Preparation --- p.151 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- DEM --- p.151 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Historical Reconstructions --- p.156 / Chapter 5.4 --- Large-scale Analyses --- p.162 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Cost-surface Modeling --- p.163 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Invasion and Defensive Interpretations --- p.166 / Chapter 5.5 --- The Juyongguan Pass Study --- p.178 / Chapter 5.5.1 --- Research Background --- p.181 / Chapter 5.5.2 --- Facility Mapping and Viewshed Analysis --- p.181 / Chapter 5.5.3 --- Movement Modeling --- p.191 / Chapter 5.5.4 --- Analytical Results --- p.195 / Chapter 5.6 --- Spatial Control and Delimitations of Juyongguan Pass Fortress --- p.201 / Chapter 5.6.1 --- Spatial Control of the Great Wall --- p.201 / Chapter 5.6.2 --- Juyongguan Pass Fortress Delimitations --- p.203 / Chapter 5.7 --- Summary and Discussion --- p.209 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION --- p.211 / Chapter 6.1 --- Utility of the Proposed Study Scheme --- p.211 / Chapter 6.1.1 --- The Theoretical Aspect --- p.211 / Chapter 6.1.2 --- Methodological Aspect --- p.212 / Chapter 6.1.3 --- Conservation Practice --- p.213 / Chapter 6.2 --- Research Contributions and Limitations --- p.214 / Chapter 6.3 --- Further Research --- p.215 / REFERENCES --- p.219

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The theme of this master's thesis is the phenomenon of wall in international relations, the aim of the following text is to analyze the selected border walls and their impact on international relations. The first chapter deals with theoretical concepts which are necessary for the analysis such as border and border wall. The second chapter analyzes historical border walls which are considered relevant - Great Wall of China, Hadrian´s Wall, Czechoslovak border fortifications and Berlin Wall. The third part focuses on current border walls as US-Mexican wall, Ceuta and Melilla border walls and Israeli West-Bank barrier. Finally, the aim of the epilogue is to outline the problem of "wall in the head".