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A Sustainability "green" Certification Audit Of Food Service Operations And The Development Of A Restaurant Sustainability InstrumentHagglund, Hans 01 January 2013 (has links)
This study investigates current green restaurant certifications as well as developing a new more user certification. First, a fact finding investigation to find the most established and commonly utilized green restaurant certifications were compared. Second, a new green certification was developed. Third, chosen green restaurant certifications were compared. Lastly, the new green certification analyzed whether restaurants in the central Florida area utilized green practices. Data were collected in face to face sessions with restaurant managers during nonpeak hours of operation. There were numerous surveys utilized in this research study. The statistical methodology utilized in this study was average means and factor analysis in SPPS 20. The statistical results indicated that the newly developed green certification was ranked closely to the two established certification of the Green Restaurant Association and the Green Seal. Furthermore, when inquiring about restaurant green practices the result strongly indicated that restaurants are not utilizing green practices. As a side note there were restaurants that were not even using the more basic green practices such as energy efficient light bulbs. Implications, limitations and suggestions for future research were discussed in the final chapter.
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Show Your Hand : A Quantitative Study of ESG Disclosure in Connection with Financial Performance of Swedish Real Estate Firms / Visa din hand : En kvantitativ studie om ESG information i relation till finansiell prestanda för svenska fastighetsbolagAndersson, Erik, Leorato, Leonardo January 2022 (has links)
Several studies have been conducted with the purpose to investigate the connections between real estate financial performance and ESG performance, mostly on asset level. The literature on ESG disclosure and real estate financial performance is not as explored. On portfolio level there have been different studies investigating if the number of green buildings affects the financial performance of real estate companies, yielding different results which shows that more attention is required in the research area. This paper has investigated disclosure of certified properties in Swedish real estate companies as well as EPRA sBPR participation and effects on the total return index of individual stocks. Panel data models are constructed using daily trading data from fifteen Swedish real estate companies. The results of the analysis indicate that there are positive signs associated with disclosure of green properties and in being part of organizations with clear sustainable ambitions, however the fact that there is not an overwhelming consistency in the results of all models can be seen as a signal that there is still uncertainty in the market around the usefulness of implementing information on certified buildings. For participation in EPRA sBPR a positive effect is found, being significant with cluster robust standard errors. For receiving a sBPR award the effect is slight but positive which is in line with previous findings. It still seems that there is disagreement in the business world on the paths to choose to efficiently incorporate ESG into business decisions. The results of this paper indicating that returns of real estate stocks are only in some cases significantly conditioned by green factors can also reflect this general level of uncertainty in the market. / Ett flertal studier har genförts i syfte att undersöka förhållandet mellan fastigheters finansiella prestanda och ESG prestanda, mestadels på tillgångsnivå. Litteraturen om ESG information och finansiell information för fastigheter är inte lika utforskad. På portfolionivå har olika studier undersökt om antalet gröna byggnader påverkar den finansiella prestanda hos fastighetsbolag, vilket gett olika resultat vilket visar att mer uppmärksamhet för forskningsområdet är nödvändigt. Det här examensarbetet undersöker information om certifierade fastigheter för svenska fastighetsbolag såväl som EPRA sBPR deltagande och effekter på totalavkastningsindexet för individuella aktier. Panel datamodeller konstrueras med hjälp av dagliga handelsdata från femton svenska fastighetsbolag. Resultaten av analysen visar på att det finns positiva tecken associerad med information om gröna fastigheter och att delta i organisationer med tydliga hållbara ambitioner. Samtidigt så visar inkontinensen i resultaten av alla modeller indikationer på att det fortfarande är osäkerhet på marknaden med användbarheten av att offentliggöra information om certifierade byggnader. För deltagande i EPRA sBPR så observeras en positiv effekt som är signifikant med kluster robusta standardfel. För att erhålla en sBPR utmärkelse är effekten liten men positiv vilket är i linje med tidigare observationer. Det verkar som att det fortfarande råder oenighet i affärsvärlden om vilken väg som ska väljas för att effektivt inkorporera ESG i affärsbeslut. Resultaten i det här examensarbetet som indikerar att avkastningen för börsnoterade fastighetsbolag bara i vissa fall signifikant påverkas av gröna faktorer kan också spegla nivån av osäkerhet på marknaden.
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La certificación UTZ y su relación con el desempeño exportador de las empresas peruanas del sector cacao en los años 2018-2020Mondragón Viera, Carla Alexsandra, Ledesma Munive, Marco Antonio 12 August 2021 (has links)
El cacao es uno de los productos agrícolas más importantes a nivel mundial y el Perú es uno de los principales países originarios del cultivo, posee el 60% de las variedades de cacao del mundo, según Sierra Exportadora (2021). En los últimos años, el país se ha mantenido en el puesto ocho de las exportaciones mundiales de cacao y su principal mercado ha sido la Unión Europea, según Sunat (2021)
La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar si existe una relación entre la certificación UTZ y el desempeño exportador de las empresas peruanas del sector cacao en el periodo 2018 – 2020. Para ello, se ha considerado como dimensiones de la variable “Certificación UTZ” a las (i) Mejores prácticas agrícolas, (ii) condiciones de trabajo y (iii) cuidado del medio ambiente y en la segunda variable “Desempeño Exportador”, se optó por incluir a la (i) Intensidad de exportaciones, (ii) crecimiento de las ventas de exportación y (iii) volumen de ventas de exportación.
En la investigación se empleó un enfoque mixto, con un tipo de diseño descriptivo-correlacional. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a 11 expertos y se elaboró una encuesta validada por 3 expertos del sector y resuelta por 27 agentes de interés que representan el 74% de la población de la investigación, estas se procesaron en el programa SPSS bajo el análisis correlacional de Rho Spearman. Con ello, se validó que la certificación UTZ si se relaciona con el desempeño exportador de las empresas cacaoteras en el periodo 2018-2020. / Cocoa is one of the most important agricultural products worldwide and Peru is one of the main countries of origin of the crop, possessing 60% of the world's cocoa varieties, according to Sierra Exportadora (2021). In recent years, the country has remained in eighth place in world cocoa exports and its main market has been the European Union, according to Sunat (2021).
The present research aims to analyze whether there is a relationship between UTZ certification and the export performance of Peruvian companies in the cocoa sector in the period 2018 - 2020. For this purpose, the dimensions of the variable "UTZ Certification" have been considered as (i) Best agricultural practices, (ii) working conditions and (iii) care for the environment and in the second variable "Export Performance", it was chosen to include (i) Export Intensity, (ii) export sales growth and (iii) export sales volume.
The research used a mixed approach, with a descriptive-correlational design. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 experts and a survey was prepared and validated by 3 industry experts and answered by 27 agents of interest representing 74% of the research population; these were processed in the SPSS program under the Rho Spearman correlational analysis. With this, it was validated that UTZ certification does relate to the export performance of cocoa companies in the period 2018-2020. / Tesis
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Empirical Study of the Impact of Green Certification on the Rental Income : Do Green Certifications Add Value to Office Buildings? / Empirisk Studie om hur Hyresnivån Påverkas avMiljöcertifieringar : Tillför miljöcertifieringar ett högre värde förkontorsfastigheter?Köhler, Alexander, Rydholm, Johan January 2021 (has links)
The purpose of this study is to investigate whether or not green certificates have an impact on income-generating commercial buildings' rent compared to similar non-certified commercial buildings. In addition, evaluate if there exists a variation in the rent premium between the different certifications and if the rental premium increases with the distance from city center. To answer the research questions a quantitative approach with hedonic pricing regressions has been conducted. For the purpose of this study, three types of hedonic regressions models have been estimated. To capture the effect of green certificates, the models have controlled for structural, locational and, quality attributes of the buildings. The first model examinedwhether certified office buildings archive a rent premium compared to non-certified buildings. The second model separated the label into indicator variables to capture the effect of each individual label. Lastly, the third model analyzed the progressive effect of the interaction between distance and certification. This study uses a dataset of rent observations for office buildings from four major Swedish cities – Stockholm, Gothenburg, Malmö and Uppsala – in order to analyze the rent premium of green certifications. The result of this study indicates that there exists a premium of 4,9 to 5,4 percent for certified buildings. When investigating each certification label the results indicate a rental premium of 10 percent forBREEAM, 5,1 percent for LEED, and 4,4 percent for Miljöbyggnad. Lastly, the finding suggests an incremental premium for certified buildings located farther away from the city center. This study contributes to the rising literature on the topic of green office buildings, as it is the first study to investigate the rental impact of green certification on the Swedish market. / Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka om miljöcertifieringar har en hyrespåverkan på kontorsbyggnader, i jämförelse med liknande icke-certifierade kontorsbyggnader. Vidare,undersöka om hyrespremien skiljer sig mellan de olika miljöcertifieringarna samt om hyrespremien ökar med avståndet från citykärnan. För att kunna besvara forskningsfrågorna har regressionsanalyser genomförts, bestående av tre olika modeller. Modellerna kontrollerar för strukturella, lägesspecifika och kvalitativa attribut. Den första modellen undersöker huruvida certifierade byggnader erhåller en högre hyra i jämförelse med icke-certifierade byggnader. Den andra modellen separerar de olika typerna av miljöcertifieringar för att undersöka vilken certifiering som bidrar med högst hyrespremie. Slutligen, den tredje modellen analyserar den stegvisa effekten av interaktionen mellan avstånd och certifiering. Datasetet som studien baseras på består av hyreskontrakt från de fyra största städerna iSverige – Stockholm, Göteborg, Malmö och Uppsala. Resultaten påvisar att det existerar en hyrespremie för certifierade byggnader på 4,9 till 5,4 procent. Premien skiljer sig beroende på vilken certifiering byggnader har, resultaten påvisar en hyrespremie på 10 procent för BREEAM, 5,1 procent för LEED och 4,4 procent för Miljöbyggnad. Resultaten visar även att det finns en stegvis hyrespremie för certifierade byggnader som är belägna längre bort från stadens centrum. Avslutningsvis, denna studie bidrar till den befintliga litteraturen gällande gröna byggnader, då det är den första studien i Sverige som undersöker förhållandet mellan hyresnivå och miljöcertifieringar.
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