Three issues were investigated; first, the influence of virus on pigment production in diseased plants; second, the increase of virus as indicated by a resulting change in carotene concentration; third, the function of pigments other than chlorophyll in photosynthesis in young potato leaves. Results on the first issue demonstrated an increase in carotene and xanthophyll concentration, and a decrease in chlorophyll concentration in diseased relative to normal plants. Evidence on the second issue suggested a close relationship between virus increase and carotene concentration. Data on the third issue indicated a soil and possibly significant photosynthesis due to leaf carotenoids / Thesis / Master of Science (MS)

Orientador: Denise de Campos Bicudo / Banca: Orlando Necchi Junior / Banca: Thelma Alvim Veiga Ludwig / Resumo: As diatomáceas (Bacillariophyceae) compreendem parte substancial da flora dulciaqüícola e são, em geral, abundantes nas comunidades fitoplanctônicas e, principalmente, nas perifíticas de ambientes marinhos e de águas continentais. É um grupo de microalgas ainda muito pouco conhecido no estado de São Paulo. A Ordem Achnanthales compreende três famílias (Achnanthaceae, Cocconeidaceae e Achnanthidiaceae) e 10 gêneros com distribuição em ambientes de águas doces (Achnanthes, Achnanthidium, Cocconeis, Karayevia, Eucocconeis, Kolbesia, Lemnicola, Planothidium, Psammothidium e Rossithidium). O conhecimento desta ordem no estado de São Paulo resume-se a 13 trabalhos (apenas um de cunho taxonômico) que, no conjunto, registraram 13 táxons, além de quatro identificados em nível gênero e dos quais apenas nove foram passíveis de re-estudo taxonômico. O levantamento florístico das Achnanthales visou abranger, o mais uniformemente possível, a área do estado de São Paulo, baseando-se na revisão de material de literatura e na análise de 84 lâminas permanentes confeccionada a partir de 96 amostras coletadas em 64 municípios. Destas, 56 referentes a 42 municípios já existiam no acervo do Herbário Científico do Estado "Maria Eneida P. Kauffmann Fidalgo" (SP) do Instituto de Botânica. As demais foram preparadas a partir de coletas efetuadas entre os anos 2000 e 2001, com o intuito de cobrir lacunas geográficas e diferentes tipos de ambientes (sistemas lóticos e áreas alagadas) e hábitats (material perifítico). Foram registrados 46 táxons distribuídos em 39 espécies, seis variedades e uma forma taxonômica que não são as típicas de suas respectivas espécies e variedade. Os táxons distribuíram-se da seguinte forma: 2 de Achnanthes, 11 de Achnanthidium, 9 de Cocconeis, 1 de Lemnicola, 10 de Planothidum, 3 de Psammothidium e 2 de Rossithidium, além de quatro táxons...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) constitute a substantial part of the freshwater algal flora, and are generally abundant in the phytoplankton communities, but mainly in the periphytic ones of marine and freshwater systems. As a group, these microalgae are still poorly known in the state of São Paulo. Order Achnanthales includes 3 families (Achnanthaceae, Cocconeidaceae, and Achnanthidiaceae) and 10 genera that inhabit the freshwaters (Achnanthes, Achnanthidium, Cocconeis, Karayevia, Eucocconeis, Kolbesia, Lemnicola, Planothidium, Psammothidium, and Rossithidium). Literature regarding the order in the state of São Paulo is composed of 13 papers (from which just one deals taxonomy) that, altogether, registered 13 taxa, besides 4 that were identified just to the genus level. Nine out of those 13 taxa allowed taxonomic reevaluation. Floristic survey of the Achnanthales aimed at encompassing the most uniformly possible the geographical area of the state of São Paulo and was based on the revision of material from the literature and on the analysis of 84 semipermanent mountings prepared from 96 sample units collected from 64 distinct municipalities. Fifty-six out of the 84 sample units representing 42 different municipalities were already deposited at the Herbário Científico do Estado "Maria Eneida P. Kauffmann Fidalgo" (SP) of the Instituto de Botânica. All remaining ones were prepared from collections made between years 2000 and 2001, aiming at covering geographical gaps and different kinds of environments (lotic systems and flooded areas) and habitats (periphytic material). Fourty-six taxa were identified, which were distributed in 39 species, 6 varieties and 1 taxonomic forma that are not the typical of their respective species and variety. Taxa were distributed as following: 2 of Achnanthes, 11 of Achnanthidium, 9 of Cocconeis, 1 of Lemnicola, 10 of Planothidum, 3 of Psammothidium...(Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003-04-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:09:11Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 carneiro_la_me_rcla.pdf: 4493656 bytes, checksum: a257d9dd49c18555b4f4fb74a710bcbd (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / As diatomáceas (Bacillariophyceae) compreendem parte substancial da flora dulciaqüícola e são, em geral, abundantes nas comunidades fitoplanctônicas e, principalmente, nas perifíticas de ambientes marinhos e de águas continentais. É um grupo de microalgas ainda muito pouco conhecido no estado de São Paulo. A Ordem Achnanthales compreende três famílias (Achnanthaceae, Cocconeidaceae e Achnanthidiaceae) e 10 gêneros com distribuição em ambientes de águas doces (Achnanthes, Achnanthidium, Cocconeis, Karayevia, Eucocconeis, Kolbesia, Lemnicola, Planothidium, Psammothidium e Rossithidium). O conhecimento desta ordem no estado de São Paulo resume-se a 13 trabalhos (apenas um de cunho taxonômico) que, no conjunto, registraram 13 táxons, além de quatro identificados em nível gênero e dos quais apenas nove foram passíveis de re-estudo taxonômico. O levantamento florístico das Achnanthales visou abranger, o mais uniformemente possível, a área do estado de São Paulo, baseando-se na revisão de material de literatura e na análise de 84 lâminas permanentes confeccionada a partir de 96 amostras coletadas em 64 municípios. Destas, 56 referentes a 42 municípios já existiam no acervo do Herbário Científico do Estado Maria Eneida P. Kauffmann Fidalgo (SP) do Instituto de Botânica. As demais foram preparadas a partir de coletas efetuadas entre os anos 2000 e 2001, com o intuito de cobrir lacunas geográficas e diferentes tipos de ambientes (sistemas lóticos e áreas alagadas) e hábitats (material perifítico). Foram registrados 46 táxons distribuídos em 39 espécies, seis variedades e uma forma taxonômica que não são as típicas de suas respectivas espécies e variedade. Os táxons distribuíram-se da seguinte forma: 2 de Achnanthes, 11 de Achnanthidium, 9 de Cocconeis, 1 de Lemnicola, 10 de Planothidum, 3 de Psammothidium e 2 de Rossithidium, além de quatro táxons... / Diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) constitute a substantial part of the freshwater algal flora, and are generally abundant in the phytoplankton communities, but mainly in the periphytic ones of marine and freshwater systems. As a group, these microalgae are still poorly known in the state of São Paulo. Order Achnanthales includes 3 families (Achnanthaceae, Cocconeidaceae, and Achnanthidiaceae) and 10 genera that inhabit the freshwaters (Achnanthes, Achnanthidium, Cocconeis, Karayevia, Eucocconeis, Kolbesia, Lemnicola, Planothidium, Psammothidium, and Rossithidium). Literature regarding the order in the state of São Paulo is composed of 13 papers (from which just one deals taxonomy) that, altogether, registered 13 taxa, besides 4 that were identified just to the genus level. Nine out of those 13 taxa allowed taxonomic reevaluation. Floristic survey of the Achnanthales aimed at encompassing the most uniformly possible the geographical area of the state of São Paulo and was based on the revision of material from the literature and on the analysis of 84 semipermanent mountings prepared from 96 sample units collected from 64 distinct municipalities. Fifty-six out of the 84 sample units representing 42 different municipalities were already deposited at the Herbário Científico do Estado Maria Eneida P. Kauffmann Fidalgo (SP) of the Instituto de Botânica. All remaining ones were prepared from collections made between years 2000 and 2001, aiming at covering geographical gaps and different kinds of environments (lotic systems and flooded areas) and habitats (periphytic material). Fourty-six taxa were identified, which were distributed in 39 species, 6 varieties and 1 taxonomic forma that are not the typical of their respective species and variety. Taxa were distributed as following: 2 of Achnanthes, 11 of Achnanthidium, 9 of Cocconeis, 1 of Lemnicola, 10 of Planothidum, 3 of Psammothidium...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

<p>The study is about how green spaces and structures of Dar es Salaam city, quantitatively and qualitatively, are browning out. It also tries to explore the different reasons behind the browning tendency, and what it means to the function of the city and to the daily form of life of the inhabitants. Finally there is a discussion about how to counteract the tendency by involving the inhabitants in planning procedures following the communicative approach to planning. The main investigations have been a) time series mapping of the browning process at city, settlement, block and plot levels; and b) interviews with inhabitants individually and as groups in two settlements. </p><p>The result is that the quantity of green spaces and structures is decreasing fast in all levels. It is also found that, concerning the browning tendency, the development in formal and informal areas is the same. The quality of the remaining green spaces and structures is also decaying. Among other things, imported plant species, in all levels, replace the indigenous ones. They often cause disturbance and extinctions to local flora and fauna. All in all, the browning tendency is a threat to the ecological functioning of the green as a system, infrastructural and health aspects on the city. It is also a threat to typical daily lifestyles in the city. Throughout, low-density with low-rise detached houses characterize the city, which expands continuously both outward and inward. So it is a sprawled city. In most of the remaining green spaces of this sprawled structure vegetables and other food plants are grown for the benefit of the urban poor, now threatened. </p><p>The inhabitants in the studied blocks seem to take responsibility of supplying, using and caring their green plants and spaces. They also often co-operate in solving ad-hoc environmental problems in their living environments. But in their plots and around them they nevertheless keep on building more and more on a limited plot space, mostly for economic reasons. Another room is more worth economically than some vegetables or the shade of a tree. Finally it seems that local community, if well empowered, have potentials in managing their own living environment. </p><p>The study concludes that in a city whose largest proportion of population is poor and unemployed, urban sprawl could offer, at the moment, an appropriate form. This conclusion challenges how the concept of the sustainable city has been elaborated and evolved in western countries.</p>

The study is about how green spaces and structures of Dar es Salaam city, quantitatively and qualitatively, are browning out. It also tries to explore the different reasons behind the browning tendency, and what it means to the function of the city and to the daily form of life of the inhabitants. Finally there is a discussion about how to counteract the tendency by involving the inhabitants in planning procedures following the communicative approach to planning. The main investigations have been a) time series mapping of the browning process at city, settlement, block and plot levels; and b) interviews with inhabitants individually and as groups in two settlements. The result is that the quantity of green spaces and structures is decreasing fast in all levels. It is also found that, concerning the browning tendency, the development in formal and informal areas is the same. The quality of the remaining green spaces and structures is also decaying. Among other things, imported plant species, in all levels, replace the indigenous ones. They often cause disturbance and extinctions to local flora and fauna. All in all, the browning tendency is a threat to the ecological functioning of the green as a system, infrastructural and health aspects on the city. It is also a threat to typical daily lifestyles in the city. Throughout, low-density with low-rise detached houses characterize the city, which expands continuously both outward and inward. So it is a sprawled city. In most of the remaining green spaces of this sprawled structure vegetables and other food plants are grown for the benefit of the urban poor, now threatened. The inhabitants in the studied blocks seem to take responsibility of supplying, using and caring their green plants and spaces. They also often co-operate in solving ad-hoc environmental problems in their living environments. But in their plots and around them they nevertheless keep on building more and more on a limited plot space, mostly for economic reasons. Another room is more worth economically than some vegetables or the shade of a tree. Finally it seems that local community, if well empowered, have potentials in managing their own living environment. The study concludes that in a city whose largest proportion of population is poor and unemployed, urban sprawl could offer, at the moment, an appropriate form. This conclusion challenges how the concept of the sustainable city has been elaborated and evolved in western countries. / QC 20101018