The study gathered data and compared professional opinions which were used to identify appropriate assignments, selection criteria, training procedures, and supervision of paraprofessional personnel for community college counseling services. A related purpose was that guidelines might be developed for the appropriate utilization, selection, preparation, and supervision of paraprofessional workers.

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the Lions-Quest "Skills for Adolescence" (L-QSA) Program on self-esteem enhancement and academic achievement for middle school students. Procedure. A total of 1177 students from two middle schools in a northern California district were involved in the study. A group of 384 students, who had participated in the L-QSA Program in their sixth grade year, were compared with 793 students who had not received L-QSA training. All students were pre- and posttested on the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI) and the Comprehensive Test of Basic Skills (CTBS). In addition, a random sample of control and experimental subjects were delay tested on the CSEI. Independent variables included demographic data from school records and student self-report personological information. The five research questions addressed in the study were analyzed by means of a t-test of the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient, an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), or a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Findings. There was no significant relationship between participation in the L-QSA program and the enhancement of self-esteem and academic achievement for most subjects. Limited English Proficient (LEP) students who participated in the L-QSA Program did show a significant relationship (p $<$.01) by decreased scores in the School-Academic area of self-esteem on the CSEI over time. In the delay testing, eighth grade L-QSA trained students showed a significant relationship (p $<$.05) by increased scores over time in the CSEI School-Academic subtest. Implications for further study. Replications of this study might be made varying length of training offered to students, the specific affective education program used in the training, and a larger portion of students who are participants in a labeled categorical education program such as students in Gifted and Talented Education (GATE), special education programs, and migrant minority students. Other self-esteem measures should also be used in addition to the CSEI to validate levels of self-esteem. Finally, a similar study might include the effects of increased parent participation and school staff in the affective education program.

This study examined the effectiveness of group assertiveness training with individuals who are mildly and moderately mentally retarded. There were 20 participants with 10 each in the control and the experimental group. Each group received the pretest and posttest measures. The experimental group also received four sessions on assertiveness training adapted from the Elwyn Institute's Personal Adjustment Manual, Volume II, Assertiveness Training. The training was developed for moderately and mildly mentally retarded individuals using these strategies: educational lectures, modeling, role-playing, and feedback. The control group received only the pretest and posttest measures. Assertiveness was measured by using three measures: two questionnaires, one consisting of 25 situational questions eliciting individuals to respond as they would in real life and the Chapman Assertiveness Instrument; and one behavioral observation check off chart. A univariate repeated measures anaLysis of variance was completed for each measure. There were significant results with all three measures indicating that the training was effective in increasing assertiveness.

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