Context: Self-learning (i.e., students learning independently) and clinical simulation are essential components in contemporary health professions education (HPE). Self-learning is discussed often, yet the concept is seldom the target of rigorous study. Likewise, simulation modalities are abundant, though educational theory that guides their use in HPE remains elusive. Objectives: This dissertation investigates the effects of directed self-guided learning (DSGL) on novice health professions students’ skill acquisition, retention, and transfer in the context of simulation-based education. The objective is to explore how the combination of external direction and student self-guidance influences: students’ cognitive and metacognitive processes, students’ interactions with the learning environment and available resources, and how students learn in different DSGL contexts. Methods: Three research studies used randomized, controlled experimental designs to address five hypotheses. All studies included a performance assessment one-week after the initial practice session that evaluated skill retention and/or skill transfer. Data analysis employed univariate and multivariate analyses of variance and correlational techniques. Results: Regarding students’ cognitive and metacognitive processes, the data show a relation between DSGL and goal-setting. The results suggest that self-guided students benefit when they are directed to set goals related to performance processes, rather than performance outcomes. Regarding the learning environment, when students are directed to practice on simulators that increase progressively in fidelity (i.e., realism) they self-guide their advancement between those simulators effectively and display successful skill transfer. Finally, self-guided students that controlled their learning progression and learning sequence selected the theoretically most appropriate practice schedule (i.e., progressive learning). Students in this latter group seemed able, surprisingly, to direct their own self-guidance. Conclusions: This dissertation adds support to the hypothesis that self-guided students benefit due to their autonomy in controlling practice conditions to meet their own learning needs. Thus, the question of whether or not DSGL is effective, becomes how best to augment the DSGL experience. The instructional design of elements such as goals lists and task structuring (e.g., progressive increases in simulator fidelity) represent techniques that an educator can use to fulfill the role of director in a student’s SGL.

Context: Self-learning (i.e., students learning independently) and clinical simulation are essential components in contemporary health professions education (HPE). Self-learning is discussed often, yet the concept is seldom the target of rigorous study. Likewise, simulation modalities are abundant, though educational theory that guides their use in HPE remains elusive. Objectives: This dissertation investigates the effects of directed self-guided learning (DSGL) on novice health professions students’ skill acquisition, retention, and transfer in the context of simulation-based education. The objective is to explore how the combination of external direction and student self-guidance influences: students’ cognitive and metacognitive processes, students’ interactions with the learning environment and available resources, and how students learn in different DSGL contexts. Methods: Three research studies used randomized, controlled experimental designs to address five hypotheses. All studies included a performance assessment one-week after the initial practice session that evaluated skill retention and/or skill transfer. Data analysis employed univariate and multivariate analyses of variance and correlational techniques. Results: Regarding students’ cognitive and metacognitive processes, the data show a relation between DSGL and goal-setting. The results suggest that self-guided students benefit when they are directed to set goals related to performance processes, rather than performance outcomes. Regarding the learning environment, when students are directed to practice on simulators that increase progressively in fidelity (i.e., realism) they self-guide their advancement between those simulators effectively and display successful skill transfer. Finally, self-guided students that controlled their learning progression and learning sequence selected the theoretically most appropriate practice schedule (i.e., progressive learning). Students in this latter group seemed able, surprisingly, to direct their own self-guidance. Conclusions: This dissertation adds support to the hypothesis that self-guided students benefit due to their autonomy in controlling practice conditions to meet their own learning needs. Thus, the question of whether or not DSGL is effective, becomes how best to augment the DSGL experience. The instructional design of elements such as goals lists and task structuring (e.g., progressive increases in simulator fidelity) represent techniques that an educator can use to fulfill the role of director in a student’s SGL.

Mobile devices are playing an increasingly prevalent role in K-12 education, as school systems are adopting the technology to enhance student learning. Consequently, teachers have to learn how to incorporate the devices into their classrooms, with the help of professional development activities. This case study examined the professional development of four teachers who participated in their school district’s iPod touch initiative for English Language Learners (ELLs), as well as the perspective of the instructional media specialist charged with assisting the teachers. The study aimed to understand what district-led and independent training activities K-12 teachers engage in and the influence the activities have on how mobile devices are used by the teachers. The educational activities of the teachers and their impact on the teachers’ technology integration were documented through a series of interviews, a training observation, and teacher questionnaires. The research identified four types of professional development support provided by the district and five types of self-guided or incidental learning activities that teachers engaged in that directly impacted the way they used the device. The district-led trainings are 1) group trainings 2) in-class demonstrations 3) one-on-one training and 4) ongoing support. The self-guided and incidental learning activities found are 1) research for resources and ideas 2) brainstorming 3) experimenting with apps and activities 4) collaboration with others and 5) students serving as trainers. Increased personal instruction, cultivating formal learning through mentoring and an online forum, and developing online training resources for a mobile format are proposed for professional development that would aid in the integration of mobile devices in a K-12 environment. / text

[pt] O desenvolvimento visto nos últimos anos em dispositivos móveis tem tornado dramático o aumento na quantidade de dados e informações disponíveis para publicitários ao redor do mundo. Custo computacional e tempo disponível para processar dados e ser capaz de distinguir verdadeiros usuários de anomalias ou ruído têm crescido. Assim, a criação de um método para detecção de outliers poderia apoiar melhor os pesquisadores de Marketing e aumentar sua precisão na compreensão do comportamento digital. Estudos atuais mostram que, até o momento, o uso de meta-algoritmos tem sido pouco usado para detecção de outliers. Meta-algoritmos tendem a trazer benefícios porque reduzem a dependência que um único algoritmo pode gerar. Esta dissertação propõe um design de meta-algoritmo que utiliza diferentes algoritmos para obter resultados de detecção de outliers melhores do que aqueles obtidos por apenas um único algoritmo: centrado em modelo e sequencial. A novidade da abordagem consiste em (i) explorar a técnica sequencial, utilizando algoritmos que são aplicados sequencialmente, no qual um algoritmo impacta o próximo e o resultado final é uma combinação dos resultados obtidos; (ii) centralizar a performance no modelo e não nos dados, o que significa que o ensemble é aplicado a todo o conjunto de dados ao mesmo tempo e; (iii) apoiar pesquisadores de marketing que precisem operar ciência de dados de forma mais robusta e coerente. / [en] Latest years evolution in mobile devices has increased dramatically the amount of data and available information for advertisers around the world. Computational cost and available time to process data and be able to distinguish true users from anomalies or noise has only increased. Thus, the creation of a method to detect outliers could support Marketing researchers and increase their precision in understanding online behavior. Recent studies showthat, so far, meta-algorithms have not been used to detect outliers. Metaalgorithms tend to bring benefits because they reduce dependency that a single algorithm can generate. This work proposes a sequential model-centric ensemble design that uses different algorithms in outlier detection to obtain better results than those obtained by a single algorithm. The novelty in this approach consists in: (i) exploring the sequential technique, using algorithms that impact the next one and whose results are a combination of previously obtained results; (ii) centralizing performance around the model and not the data, which means the ensemble is applied in the whole dataset and not on different subsamples; (iii) support Marketing researchers that need to operate data Science in a more robust and coherent way.

No description available.

Cette thèse prend pour objet des situations d’apprentissage guidé du français, en face à face et en dehors de cadres institutionnels, se déroulant dans le contexte multilingue du Luxembourg. Elle décrit et analyse des interactions entre des locuteurs plurilingues adultes dont la première langue est le chinois ou le coréen et des locuteurs plurilingues agissant en tant qu’experts pour la langue française. Plus particulièrement, dans l’optique d’une analyse qualitative des données, ce travail s’efforce d’appliquer les outils de l’analyse conversationnelle d’inspiration plutôt anglo-américaine à une vision didactique de tradition de langue française. Pour ce faire, il est fait appel aux notions de compétence communicative (Hymes 1972), de dramatisation (Goffman 1991) et de rôle social (Cicurel 1988). L’analyse montre que dans des situations d’apprentissage-en-interaction, les apprenants et les experts ont recours à une diversité de ressources interactionnelles liées à des activités de dramatisation : le dialogue-en-situation, la voix, la séquence préfabriquée, la séquentialité discursive, la réparation, la séquence explicative, le récit préenregistré, l’évaluation, le récit enchâssé, l’identité, le récit conversationnel de l’expert, l’interview, le récit conversationnel de l’apprenant et le mode éditeur. Pour conclure, un rapprochement est opéré entre ces activités de dramatisation et la didactique du FLE, à plusieurs niveaux, sous la forme de recommandations suggestions. / The current thesis focuses on guided language learning exchanges in French, in a face-to-face non-institutional setting in the multilingual context of Luxembourg. It describes and analyzes interactions between adult plurilingual speakers whose first language is Chinese or Korean and multilingual speakers acting as experts for the French language. Taking a qualitative analysis approach, our work strives to apply the tools of conversation analysis of a rather Anglo-American origin to a vision of “didactique” corresponding to the French language tradition. To this end, we rely in particular on the notions of communicative competence(Hymes 1972), dramatization (Goffman 1991) and social role (Cicurel 1988). The analysis of learning-in-interaction data shows the enactment of a variety of dramatization-related interactional resources by both learners and experts: the situated dialogue, the voice, the formulaic language, the discursive sequentiality, the repair, the explanatory sequence, the pre-recorded conversational narrative, the evaluation, the embedded narrative, the identity, the conversational narrative of the expert, the interview, the conversational narrative of the learner and the editor mode. A few recommendations-suggestions are proposed in the conclusion, focusing on how these dramatization activities could inform, at different levels, the development of French teaching and learning.

Résumé : Cette recherche aborde la problématique de la relation à la formation dans un processus d’autoformation en ligne. Elle pose la question du rapport au pouvoir dans ce type de situation d’apprentissage. La médiation pédagogique humaine et la médiatisation technologique y sont au centre des préoccupations. Il s’agit d’aborder, au travers de la conception même des instruments d’investigation, les concepts: de contrôle, d’autodirection, d’autonomie, d’efficacité, de compétence, d’autodétermination en relation avec la notion de motif d’engagement. Les dispositions et les prédispositions liées à l'autoformation sont également observées. On se propose de comprendre les orientations motivationnelles et les motifs qui éclairent l’engagement au regard de la perception de soi dans un contexte d’autoformation. Nos réflexions portent également sur le concept d'alterdidaxie par opposition aux démarches autodidactes dans un contexte d'autoformation./ Summary: This research approaches the problems in relation to training in the process of e-learning. It raises the question of the self-directed learning’s power in this type of training situation. The human teaching mediation and the technological mediatization are both in the center of the concerns. This research is an approach, through the design even of instruments of investigation, to the concepts : control, autodirection, autonomy, effectiveness, competence, self-determination in relation with the engagement. Competences and readiness scales related to the adults’ self-training are also observed. One proposes to observe motivational directions and the engagement’s reasons in relation with the perception of oneself as self-directed learners in a context of self-training. Our reflections also relate to the concept of Alterdidacticism in opposition to the self-educated steps, to the Autodidacticism in a context of adults’ self-training.

The diploma thesis "Individualization in Preschool and Elementary Education" deals with an individualized education of preschoolers and children at the primary school stage. It is a case study with direct observation, interviews and studying the relevant documents qualitatively examines in detail the individualization in a particular educational institution in order to gain insight into its real individualized learning using representative sample to clarify its meaning. The thesis has both theoretical and practical forms and is aimed at studying the possibility of the individualized learning. It analyzes a specific way of teachers' pedagogical work with preschool children and school children in primary education. The first chapter of the theoretical part is based on knowledge drawn from several information sources about the individualization as an organizational form of education and also on synthesis of findings from several pedagogical and psychological disciplines influencing individualized learning; the second chapter describes the basic terms, principles, types, systems and special organizations of individualized educational work. The first chapter of the practical part is based on the direct observation and exploration of individualization in the selected educational institution in order to...

Cette recherche aborde la problématique de la relation à la formation dans un processus d’autoformation en ligne. Elle pose la question du rapport au pouvoir dans ce type de situation d’apprentissage. La médiation pédagogique humaine et la médiatisation technologique y sont au centre des préoccupations. Il s’agit d’aborder, au travers de la conception même des instruments d’investigation, les concepts: de contrôle, d’autodirection, d’autonomie, d’efficacité, de compétence, d’autodétermination en relation avec la notion de motif d’engagement. Les dispositions et les prédispositions liées à l'autoformation sont également observées. On se propose de comprendre les orientations motivationnelles et les motifs qui éclairent l’engagement au regard de la perception de soi dans un contexte d’autoformation. Nos réflexions portent également sur le concept d'alterdidaxie par opposition aux démarches autodidactes dans un contexte d'autoformation./<p><p>This research approaches the problems in relation to training in the process of e-learning. It raises the question of the self-directed learning’s power in this type of training situation. The human teaching mediation and the technological mediatization are both in the center of the concerns. This research is an approach, through the design even of instruments of investigation, to the concepts :control, autodirection, autonomy, effectiveness, competence, self-determination in relation with the engagement. Competences and readiness scales related to the adults’ self-training are also observed. One proposes to observe motivational directions and the engagement’s reasons in relation with the perception of oneself as self-directed learners in a context of self-training. Our reflections also relate to the concept of Alterdidacticism in opposition to the self-educated steps, to the Autodidacticism in a context of adults’ self-training.<p><p> / Doctorat en Sciences Psychologiques et de l'éducation / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Notre projet de recherche porte sur l’enseignement/apprentissage de l’oral en FLE aux étudiants russes de deuxième – et en partie de troisième - année de la faculté de langues de l’université pédagogique. Nous sommes notamment centrés sur l’agir de l’enseignant, celui-ci étant la figure clé assurant la progression du processus de l’apprentissage organisé dans une situation exolingue, en milieu hétéroglotte. Son rôle est plurifonctionnel, ses manifestations sont variables. Les polylogues pédagogiques se trouvent au cœur de nos analyses, dont le but est d’optimiser le processus d’enseignement/apprentissage par l’intermédiaire des modifications de l’agir de l’enseignant en y appliquant notre thèse du « naturel didactique » censée créer des conditions d’expression naturelles dans une situation didactique en motivant ainsi la parole des apprenants, d’une part, et en diminuant la dissymétrie des relations enseignant-apprenants, d’autre part.Les analyses quantitatives ont permis de dégager les particularités discursives des interactions verbales en groupe de FLE de l’université pédagogique russe, notamment la manière spécifique d’agir de l’enseignant. Les éléments dégagés de cette observation permettent d’ouvrir une réflexion sur la pédagogie à concevoir en contexte de la Russie. / Our research project is concerned with the teaching/apprentiship of oral French in the « French as a Foreign Language » (FLE) program for Russian students in the second and, in part, third years in the Faculty of Languages of the teaching university of Vologda. We concentrated in particular on the action of the teacher, since the teacher is the key actor who ensures progress in the learning process in a situation using a non-native language in a foreign language context. The teacher assumes multiple functions with varying manifestations. Pedagogical polylogues are at the heart of our analyses. They aim to optimize the process of teaching/learning by modifying the action of the teacher via the application of our hypothesis of « natural didactics ». This method favors the creation of conditions allowing natural expression in a didactic situation by motivating the learners to speak on the one hand, and by reducing the asymmetry of the teacher-student relation on the other. Quantitative analyses allowed us to isolate particular aspects of verbal interaction in a FLE group within the Russian teaching university and in particular the specific action of the teacher. The results of these observations open up the possibility of a study of pedagogical methods appropriate for use in Russia.