Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-03-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:48:13Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 miranda_mda_me_bauru.pdf: 2352987 bytes, checksum: 149c98d4dd6d5a4af9ff3ce95d5ab1db (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / A produção da pauta jornalística em TV Digital transita pelo novo espaço que é essa plataforma. A nova maneira de informar no meio televisivo oferece um novo comportamento de emissores e receptores. A análise de telejornais da GloboNews e BandNews na produção de notícias para a televisãom e portais são exemplos de interação entre as mídias. Novas competências e habilidades serão agregadas ao perfil dos profissionais que atuam nesse meio. Os avanços tecnológicos e a produção de conteúdo andam em paralelo e influenciam todo o processo que abordamos. / The production of the jounalistic guidelines in the digital TV transit through the new space that is such platform. The new manner of informing in the television media offer a new behaviour from emitters and recipients. The analysis of TV news programs from GloboNews and BandNews in the production of information for television and journalistic websites are examples of interaction between those medias. New competences and habilities are brought together to the profile of professionals that act in this media. The technological advances and the content production walk in parallel and influence the process that we approach.

A cada dia a disputa pelo uso da água entre os diversos setores aumenta gerando sérios conflitos entre os usuários. Para minimizar a crise da água, tem-se desenvolvido técnicas, estudos, projetos e medidas que visem a proteção e conservação dos recursos disponíveis. Neste contexto, a possibilidade de substituição de parte da água potável, para usos menos restritivos, por uma de qualidade inferior está cada vez mais em evidência. No entanto, a falta de regulamentação específica sobre o assunto pode trazer conseqüências indesejáveis como riscos à saúde pública e ao meio ambiente, criação de práticas inadequadas; conflitos de competências e de interesses e, até, o descrédito da prática do reúso de água por parte da população. Este trabalho visa propor as variáveis de qualidade e seus respectivos limites para água de reúso urbano não potável de modo a garantir que esta prática seja viável e segura. Para tanto, são apresentados os potenciais usos urbanos da água de reúso e os riscos associados; as experiências internacionais e nacionais dos programas de reúso; a legislação e diretrizes existentes. Com base na pesquisa concluiu-se que a qualidade da água está relacionada aos perigos do reúso de água, contaminação química e contaminação microbiológica, sendo esta a mais relevante. Desta forma, definiu-se como variáveis de controle: os coliformes termotolerantes que indicam a contaminação por microorganismos patogênicos; de sólidos dissolvidos totais que causam danos materiais como incrustação e corrosão; da matéria orgânica que pode causar o ressurgimento dos microorganismos e aumentar o consumo do agente de desinfecção; da turbidez que interfere no processo da desinfecção; do cloro residual que deverá garantir a eliminação dos organismos patogênicos e garantir um residual para evitar o ressurgimento de bactérias. / Every day the dispute for the use of water between the sectors increases creating serious conflicts between the users. To minimize the water crisis, several options have been looked for through development of techniques, studies, projects and measures that seek the protection and conservation of the available resources. In this context, the possibility of replacing part of the potable water for one of lower quality is more and more in evidence. However, the lack of specific regulation on the issue can bring undesirable consequences as risk to public health and to the environment; creation of inadequate practices; conflicts of competences and of interests; and mainly the precipitate condemnation of water reuse from part of the population. This paper aims to propose the variables and quality of their water limits for urban non-potable reuse in order to ensure that this practice is feasible and safe. For that, are presented the potential uses of reuse water and the associate risks; the national and international experiences of reuse programs; the existing legislation and guidelines; and proposed quality criteria for the reuse water seeking a safe practice. Each one of these items will be evaluated and then the quality criteria will be proposed as well as their concentration for urban reuse. Based on the research concluded that water quality is related to the dangers of reuse of water contamination, chemical and microbiological contamination, which is the more relevant. Thus, it was defined as control variables of the limits of the thermotolerant coliforms that indicate the contamination by pathogenic microorganisms; of total dissolved solids that cause incrustation and corrosion problems; of organic matter that can cause the resurgence of the microorganisms; of the turbidity that interferes in the disinfection process; of the residual chlorine that must guarantee the elimination of pathogenic organisms.

Os Parques Tecnológicos têm se mostrado estratégias de desenvolvimento alinhadas a busca constante pela competitividade, ferramentas usadas por cidades, regiões e países em busca de sustentabilidade, auxiliando no fortalecimento tecnológico e na inserção na economia do conhecimento. Nesses centros de inovação, a produção, disseminação e uso do conhecimento são intensivos, e sua gestão torna-se imperiosa. Sendo assim, a Gestão do Conhecimento vem atender essa necessidade, e embora ela tenha alcançado um estágio consolidado como campo de pesquisa, a sua relação com os Parques Tecnológicos tem sido pouco explorada na literatura. Fundamentado na análise e reflexão dessas lacunas de pesquisa, este trabalho visa propor um conjunto de diretrizes para o desenvolvimento da Gestão do Conhecimento em Parques Tecnológicos. Para tal fim, foi desenvolvido e aplicado um instrumento de coleta de dados em cinco Parque Tecnológicos, sendo quatro no Brasil e um na Espanha. Os estudos de caso selecionados foram analisados, identificando iniciativas. Dessa forma obteve-se como diretrizes o desenvolvimento de um plano estratégico para a Gestão do Conhecimento, a organização de eventos para o incentivo à cultura; governança quádruplo hélice, canais de comunicação e layout planejado para suportar a estrutura, formação de uma equipe com responsabilidades explícitas, incentivo a projetos conjuntos, programas de capacitação, programas de softlanding e benchmarking, métricas, ferramentas e redes com parceiros estratégicos como fontes de conhecimento. Os resultados do trabalho contribuem para o desenvolvimento das pesquisas que relacionam as duas áreas de estudo, no âmbito empresarial a diretrizes propostas suportarão programas de implementação da Gestão do Conhecimento em Parques Tecnológicos. / The Technology Parks have proven development strategies aligned constant search for competitiveness, tools used by cities, regions and countries in search of sustainability, assisting in technological empowerment and inclusion in the knowledge economy. These innovation centers, production, dissemination and use of knowledge are intensive, and management becomes imperative. Thus, Knowledge Management meets this need, and although it has achieved a consolidated stage as a research field, its relationship with the Technological Parks was little explored in the literature. Based on the analysis and reflection of these research gaps, this paper aims to propose a set of guidelines for the development of Knowledge Management in Technology Parks. To this end, was developed and applied a data collection instrument in five Technological Park, four in Brazil and one in Spain. The selected case studies were analyzed, identifying initiatives. Thus it was obtained as guidelines to develop a strategic plan for knowledge management, the organization of events to encourage the culture; quad helix governance , communication channels and planned layout to support the structure , forming a team with explicit responsibilities, encouraging joint projects, training programs, Softlanding programs and benchmarking, metrics, tools and networking with strategic partners as sources of knowledge . The outcomes contribute to the development of research linking the two areas of study. In business under the proposed guidelines will support implementation of programs of Knowledge Management in Technology Parks.

Esta dissertação aborda a implantação de um guia orientativo de incerteza de medição aplicável aos avaliadores de laboratório da Rede Metrológica RS. A incerteza de medição é um importante tema para organismos de avaliação de laboratórios, como é o caso da Rede Metrológica RS, pois consiste em um dos requisitos básicos para o reconhecimento de competência de laboratórios. Dessa forma, é fundamental garantir que todos os avaliadores possuam um nível de conhecimento adequado sobre incerteza de medição. Assim, o objetivo principal deste trabalho consiste em implantar o referido guia orientativo de incerteza, propiciando melhorias no processo de avaliação da Rede Metrológica RS. Adicionalmente, foi elaborado um fluxograma explicativo dos passos para a expressão da incerteza de medição, assim como listadas componentes de incerteza típicas para áreas de ensaio e calibração e elaborada uma check-list para auxílio aos avaliadores quando da avaliação da incerteza. A implantação do guia orientativo de incerteza dos avaliadores foi realizada segundo as etapas do ciclo de melhoria PDCA. Na etapa plan foram coletados dados que corroboraram para uma necessidade de maior qualificação do grupo de avaliadores com relação à incerteza, sendo a área de ensaios a mais carente. Na etapa do, a minuta do documento foi elaborada de acordo com tópicos previamente definidos com um grupo de especialistas, que envolveu avaliadores experientes e membros da Rede Metrológica RS, assim como especialistas em incerteza do Inmetro. Na etapa check, a minuta do documento passou pela análise crítica do grupo de especialistas consultados e na etapa act foram realizados os ajustes finais e aprovado o documento. Como resultado, foi evidenciada a melhoria do nível de conhecimento dos avaliadores com relação ao tema. Tal fato pôde ser comprovado através da aplicação de provas antes e após o treinamento no novo documento elaborado, mostrando melhoria dos conhecimentos dos avaliadores com relação à incerteza. / This work is concerned with the implantation of a measurement uncertainty guideline applicable to Rede Metrológica RS' assessors. Measurement uncertainty is a quite relevant subject for all laboratory assessment bodies, such as Rede Metrológica RS, because it consists in an elementary requirement for laboratory competence recognition. Thus, it is essential to assure that all assessors have an adequate level of knowledge about measurement uncertainty. Therefore, the main objective of this work consists in the implantation of the referred guideline, yielding improvements on Rede Metrológica RS' assessment process. Additionally, a flow-chart was elaborated to help assessors better understand the procedure to the expression of uncertainty in measurement. A list of common uncertainty sources in calibration and testing fields was prepared, as well as a check-list to help assessors carry out measurement uncertainty assessment. The guideline implementation was carried out following the steps of PDCA improvement cycle. During the step 'plan', some data were collected that corroborated the identified need for better qualification of assessors with respect to measurement uncertainty theory and application. The most deficient field identified was testing assessors. On 'do' step, a guideline draft was prepared in accordance with the topics previously agreed with a group of experts, formed by experienced assessors and Rede Metrológica RS' collaborators, as well as, invited uncertainty experts from Inmetro. On the step 'check', the guideline draft was analyzed by the same group of experts and during the step act, the final adjustments were made and the guideline was formally approved. As a result, an improvement on the assessors' level of knowledge concerning measurement uncertainty was achieved. This was possible to verify by applying assessors' written exams about measurement uncertainty, before and after the training on the new guideline. The exams showed the improvement of the assessors.

Com o crescente aumento do número de dispositivos móveis no mercado, surge a possibilidade dos usuários carregarem consigo diversos livros em formato digital. Estes livros, originalmente desenvolvidos para outros formatos, apresentam vícios, e em alguns casos falhas, que prejudicam e confundem o usuário. Por este motivo surgem os livros digitais interativos, que nada mais são do que livros projetados especificamente para estes dispositivos móveis. Mas junto com estes produtos surgem dúvidas a respeito de quais embasamentos devem ser utilizados. Neste contexto, a presente pesquisa analisa se os conhecimentos relacionados a experiência do usuário, ao design de interação, ao design de informação, e ao design de interface, vinculados as bases teóricas utilizadas para o desenvolvimento de livros impressos, jornais/revistas digitais e aplicativos, podem orientar o processo de projeto e desenvolvimento de livros digitais interativos. O resultado desta analise permite realizar um levantamento, e consequentemente criar um guia de diretrizes que servirá como embasamento para o futuros desenvolvimento de livros digitais interativos. / The increasing number of mobile devices on the market, arises the possibility for users to carry several books in a digital format. These books, originally developed for other formats, have addictions, and in some cases failures, that hinder and confuse the user. In this scenario arise the interactive digital books, which are nothing more than books designed specifically for these mobile devices. But along with these products new doubts show up. In this context, the present study examines whether the knowledge related to the user experience, the interaction design, the information design, and interface design, tied the theoretical bases used for the development of printed books, newspapers / magazines and digital applications can guide the process of design and development of interactive digital books. The result of this analysis allows to conduct this work, and thus create guidelines that will serve as basis for the future development of interactive digital books.

The e-commerce revolution in business can help African countries expand their tourism industry. Africa, with its great wealth in wildlife and unique resorts, can benefit from the ever increasing user population of the Internet, particularly in the USA and Western Europe where most of the tourists to Africa come from (Internet World Stats, 2004). E-commerce which runs on the backbone of the Internet can help the African tourism industry break into international tourism, thus increasing the flows of the much needed foreign currency. As there was little empirical data on the e-commerce activities in the African tourism industry the researcher first and foremost examined a large number of websites in order to paint a picture of the nature and extent of the e-commerce activities in four -African countries. For comparison, websites of tourism organisations from USA and Western Europe were also examined. The surveys revealed that few of the African organisations are embracing e-commerce and that although some websites were comparable to those of their western counterparts the majority had room for considerable improvement. After examining the websites another survey was carried out to find the current progress of e-commerce adoption and usage from the perspective of the African tourism organisations. Analysis of the data collected showed that e-commerce adoption among the tourism organisations was slow. This led to more surveys being carried out to find the barriers to e-commerce among tourism organisations with information-only websites and those whose websites had limited interactive facilities. These surveys revealed that tourism organisations with information-only websites faced more barriers than those with websites which had limited interactive features. They also revealed that the most common barriers were technological and security and legal barriers. The ultimate survey involved finding out from tourism organisations with fully-fledged e-commerce websites how they overcame the e-commerce barriers. The methods used by these organisations to overcome e-commerce barriers together with recommendations made in the surveys carried out earlier were used to formulate recommendations and guidelines for those organisations intending to adopt and e-commerce. The recommendations and guidelines were tested and results showed that they are helpful and easy to follow.

Context: Several examples of successful migrations of systems to Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) are presented in the literature. Some of the approaches also try to structure the process of migration to SOA. The reported migration attempts underline the role of architecture of migrated system, but they do not explore the architectural patterns applied in architecture of migrated systems while proper usage of patterns may simplify and improve quality of migration. Objectives: This work is aimed at elaborating guidelines that support migration from a system that is based on a chosen architectural pattern towards a system based on Service Oriented Architecture. Methods: Literature review is used as a basic method in the initial steps of the research, that is during investigation of existing techniques of migration to SOA, establishing procedure for selection of the migrated pattern and identifying building blocks of the target architecture. Results of the literature reviews are further analyzed in order to select the migrated architectural pattern and to elaborate the target architecture. The guidelines for migration are the result of the synthesis of the analyzed information. Results: The migration is realized as a translation between two pattern languages: the first pattern language describes the chosen architectural pattern–Model–View–Controller and the second pattern language describes SOA target architecture, expressed using SOA architectural patterns. The translation is defined by a set of migration guidelines. The approach is also illustrated with migrating an example student project. Conclusion: The study shows that the usage of an architectural pattern during migration allows to define the migration in a simple, structured and precise way using guidelines that represent a set of subsequent well defined steps that should be applied in order to migrate a specific type of legacy system.

Context. Variability management (VM) in automotive domain is a promising solution to reduction of complexity. Feature modeling, as starting point of VM, deals with analysis and representation of available features in terms of commonalities and variabilities. The work is done in the context of an automotive industry – Adam Opel AG. Objectives. This work studies the automotive specific problems with respect to feature modeling, investigates what decomposition and structuring approaches exist in literature, and which one of them satisfies the industrial requirements. The approach to feature modeling is synthesized, evaluated and documented. Methods. In this work a case study with survey and literature review is performed. Survey uses semi structured interview and workshops as data collection methods. Systematic review includes articles from Compendex, Inspec, IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library, Science Direct and Engineering Village. Approach selection is based on mapping requirements against discovered approaches and discussion with industry practitioner on the regular meetings. Evaluation is proposed according to Goal Question Metric paradigm. Results. The approach that can be followed in the case organization is described and evaluated. The reasoning behind feature modeling approach construction and selection can be generalized for other organizations as well. Conclusions. We conclude that there is no perfect approach that would solve all the problems connected to automotive software. However, structuring approaches can be complementary and while combining give a good results. Tool support that integrates into the whole development cycle is important, as the amount of information cannot be processed using simple feature modeling tools. There is a need for further investigation in both directions – tool support and structuring approaches. The tactics that are proposed here should be introduced in organizations and formally evaluated. / Tel. +4917661965859

Problem: Our opinion is that it is important to consider about usability in system development. In this thesis we will focus on usability in point-of-sale systems. The point-of-sale system we base this thesis on is Extenda Retail. Our case study is performed on Ica Kvantum in Bromölla, which implemented Extenda Retail about two years ago. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to figure out what important factors there are to consider, in usability aspects, when developing point-of-sale systems, with focus on the cashier. We also wish to find out the cashiers opinions about the Extenda Retail system. Method: The information gathered for this thesis consists of literature and interviews. All the information has been studied and analyzed. Result: We have reached the conclusion that the end users consider Extenda Retail to be a good point-of-sale system in usability aspects. It also shows that the guidelines we have chosen, with minor modifications, supports development of point-of-sale systems.

The increase in wind energy production has been relatively rapid and is expected to continue at a global scale. However, numbers of bat carcasses found at wind turbines in North America in the early 21st century raised concern about the plight of this taxon with the growth in wind-energy generation. This led to carcass searches for bats becoming commonplace at wind farms globally. However, few large scale systematic studies have assessed the effects of wind turbines on bats, especially for species considered potentially at higher risk in Europe. In this thesis the number and species of bats killed from wind farms were estimated across Britain, and the important predictors (i.e. activity, turbine characteristics and habitat) of fatality were determined. Insect abundance, biomass and bat activity was also quantified at turbine and control locations, to assess if insects and hence bats were attracted to turbines. In addition, assessments were made of the effects of increasing temporal and spatial replication of acoustic monitoring on estimates of species composition and bat activity. This was assessed for activity monitored at ground and at the centre of the rotor sweep area (the nacelle). Carcass searches were conducted using trained search dogs and concurrently bats were surveyed acoustically at three randomly selected turbines at ground and from the nacelle at 48 wind farms throughout Britain. Bats were also monitored acoustically at paired controls (with a randomly selected turbine) at 20 of the wind farms sites. In addition, nocturnal Diptera were sampled at 18 of the sites using a paired turbine and control design. Across 139 wind turbines, 188,335 bat passes were recorded and 2,973 carcass searches performed. Edge and open aerial foraging species, in particular Pipistrellus pipistrellus and P. pygmaeus were most at risk of fatality 4 at wind farms in Britain. The number of Pipistrellus pipistrellus killed annually in Britain between mid-July and mid-October was estimated at 2,373 95% CI 513 to 4,233 and the number of P. pygmaeus at 3,082 95% CI 1,270 to 4,894. When compared to population estimates, the number of Pipistrellus pygmaeus killed was 57% higher than the number of P. pipistrellus killed (0.19% of the population versus 0.43%, respectively). This may be due to Pipistrellus pygmaeus flying more often within the rotor sweep area compared to P. pipistrellus. Activity measured at the nacelle, which is generally assumed to be a better predictor of fatalities, was not a significant predictor of the probability of a fatality for all species combined, Pipistrellus pipistrellus, or P. pygmaeus. Pipistrellus pipistrellus activity and P. pygmaeus activity, measured at ground level were not good predictors of their respective fatalities. Whilst there was some evidence that Pipistrellus pipistrellus and P. pygmaeus activity monitored at ground level, was a significant predictor of the probability of their respective fatalities occurring, across wide ranging turbine types, fatality estimates were large. This is presumably due to the importance of turbine characterises (the wind speed that turbines become operational (cut-in speeds) turbine and the distance between the ground and blade tip at the bottom of the rotor sweep area) both being important negative predictors of fatalities for Pipistrellus pipistrellus. Predicting from models, if the cut-in speed is increased from 3.5 to 5 m s-1 the number of Pipistrellus pipistrellus fatalities would be reduced by 76% (0.23 fatalities per turbine per month to 0.06). These findings have important implications for guidance, since activity is the ubiquitous measure used to assess fatality risk for all species. Since, Pipistrellus pipistrellus and P. pygmaeus were detected at 98% and 92% of sites respectively; it could be 5 assumed that these species would be detected at the majority of wind farms within their range. Therefore, in a British context, curtailing wind turbines below 5 m s-1 could be an effective mitigation strategy without the costly requirement to monitor activity. Pipistrellus pipistrellus and P. pygmaeus activity was 46% (6.3 ± 1.3 SE mean passes per night c.f. 3.4 ± 1.3 SE) and 34% (4.0 ± 1.4 SE c.f. 2.7 ± 1.4 SE) higher at turbines compared to controls, respectively. Given that habitat and elevation were consistent between paired turbines and controls and monitoring was conducted on the same nights, higher activity at turbines compared to controls provides evidence that these two species are attracted to wind turbines. Furthermore, since the biomass of nocturnal Diptera, the main insect prey for Pipistrellus spp., was higher at controls compared to turbines, and bat foraging at turbines was not predicted by insect abundance or biomass, attraction is unlikely to be due to insects. Evidence presented here shows that bats are attracted to turbines, and therefore measuring activity at pre-construction sites for environmental impact assessments is unlikely to be effective. In conclusion, these results provide further evidence that common species are killed but generally in relatively low numbers, they also support the view that monitoring activity for assessing fatality risk at wind farms is ineffective. It is imperative that wind energy is developed using an evidence based approach. However, it also important that wind energy continues to contribute to an increasing renewable energy sector. In conclusion, results presented here, support that wind turbines are likely to be having a small impact on bat populations in Britain.