Submitted by JÚLIO HEBER SILVA (julioheber@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-11-23T16:13:22Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Mirtza Fúlvia Maggioli - 2014.pdf: 10959485 bytes, checksum: 5397bb78460f4fbc15b15f9f9dd335a5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2016-11-30T15:44:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Mirtza Fúlvia Maggioli - 2014.pdf: 10959485 bytes, checksum: 5397bb78460f4fbc15b15f9f9dd335a5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-30T15:44:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Mirtza Fúlvia Maggioli - 2014.pdf: 10959485 bytes, checksum: 5397bb78460f4fbc15b15f9f9dd335a5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This work shows the green coffee oil coacervation processes, as core material, in two different systems: whey protein / gum arabic and soy protein / gum arabic, as biopolymer wall. The biopolymers concentration were fixed in 4% (weight / weight) of the emulsion, and the proportion between then was respectively 2:1 and 1,4:1. Different emulsions were made, each one with a different green coffee oil concentration (0%, 10%, 17.5% and 25%) compared with wall materials. From these emulsions with adjusted pH, the system presented phase separation (coacervation). The following system characteristics were studied: maximum interation pHs, emulsions rheological behavior, emulsions sizes, physico-chemical characterization of the phases (coacervate and supernadant), process mass balance, coacervate rheology, microparticles morphology after lyophilization, the powder density, the powder stability and the microencapsulation process efficiency. The results confirmed that there is an optimum range of particle formation, depending on pH. The emulsions presented typical Newtonian fluid behavior and the viscosity increased with incresing the oil concentration. That behavior does not depend on wall materials. It was also observed that wet coacervates were better fitted to Power Law, presenting pseudoplastic behavior. Concentrate soy protein / gum arabic showed thixotropy. The emulsion gout showed an surface average diameter between 2,24 µm e 14,42µm. The microparticles exhibited slightly spherical, rough surface and pores, probably influenced by drying process. The process efficiency showed no dependence on the oil concentration at studied systems. The adsorption isotherms (at 30°C) of the obtained powders were best fitted to the GAB model and the e moisture content of monolayer (xm) for this model were between 2.5% to 5.1% for CPSL and GA microparticles and between 5.1% and 6.1% for IPS and GA / Neste trabalho foram estudados os processos de coacervação complexa de óleo de café verde, como material de recheio, em dois tipos de sistemas: concentrado proteico de soro de leite (CPSL)/ goma arábica (GA) e isolado proteico de soja (IPS) / goma arábica (GA), como biopolímeros de parede. Estes sistemas foram preparados com concentração de biopolímeros fixa em 4% (massa / massa) da emulsão e a proporção entre eles foi respectivamente 2:1 e 1,4:1. Emulsões com diferentes concentrações de óleo de café verde (0%; 10%; 17,5% e 25%), em relação aos materiais de parede, foram preparadas. A partir destas emulsões com os pHs ajustados, o sistema apresentou separação de fases (coacervação). Foram avaliados os pHs de máxima interação entre os pares de biopolímeros estudados, o comportamento reológico das emulsões, o tamanho de gota das emulsões produzidas, a caracterização fisicoquímica das fases (sobrenadante e coacervado), o balanço de massa do processo, a reologia do coacervado, a morfologia das micropartículas após liofilização, a densidade dos pós obtidos, a estabilidade do pó e a eficiência do processo de microencapsulação. Os resultados obtidos confirmaram que existe uma faixa ótima de formação de partículas dependente do pH. As emulsões apresentaram comportamento típico de fluidos newtoniano e a viscosidade aumentou com a concentração de óleo independente dos materiais de parede estudados. Já os coacervados úmidos ajustaram-se melhor à Lei da Potência apresentando comportamento pseudoplástico. Os coacervados de isolado proteico de soja / goma arábica apresentaram tixotropia. As emulsões apresentaram gotas com diâmetro superficial médio entre 2,24 µm e 14,42µm. As micropartículas apresentaram forma levemente esférica, superficie rugosa e com poros provavelmente influenciada pelo processo de secagem. A eficiência do processo não mostrou dependência com a concentração de óleo nos sistemas estudados. As isotermas de adsorção (a 30°C) dos pós obtidos ajustaram-se melhor ao modelo GAB e os teores de umidade da monocamanda (xm) para este modelo ficaram entre 2, 5 % e 5,1% para as micropartículas de CPSL e GA e entre 5,1% e 6,1% para as micropartículas de IPS e GA

This policy brief deals with the research findings of the collaborative research project “CHAnces IN Sustainability – promoting natural resource based product chains in East Africa” (CHAINS) funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research, and the DLR Project Management Agency. It presents the studies investigating the value chains of highland BAMBOO and NATURAL GUM AND RESIN products in Ethiopia as well as GUM ARABIC value chains in Sudan. These products possess high eco¬nomic, social and environ¬mental benefits and untapped potentials. However, their pro-duction and commercialization are con¬strained seriously by various challenges limiting the realization of their potentials. Identified policy options are: • strengthen institutional capacity; • improve infrastructure and support services; • organize necessary information for sustainable utilization planning; • facilitate actors’ communication, innovation and fair partnership. This calls for forest product value chain development that is supported by policy, training, research, technology development and transfer, market linkage that consider private sectors, state, civic organizations, universities and research institutes.

This working paper was developed with the intention to provide a guideline for participatory analysis and development of commercial forest product value chains, in the context of developing countries. Basically, it was designed for identification and implementation of interventions or upgrading measures for the improvement of commercial forest product (Bamboo, Natural gum and resin, and Gum Arabic) value chains in Ethiopia and Sudan within the framework of a collaborative research project - CHAnces IN Sustainability: promoting natural resource based product chains in East Africa (CHAINS). The PIP instrument could also be applied for other commercial non-timber forest products (NTFPs), by adjusting to the local contexts and environments. It can be an important guide for value chain analysts, especially in the process of designing and verifying upgrading actions through the application of tools like interviewing actors, group discussions, or facilitated workshops. This working paper particularly provides: - Background information on basic concepts of value chain analysis and development; - Review of methodological frameworks for participatory value chain analysis and development; - Practical details for participatory value chain analysis as implemented by the CHAINS project, including checklists, diagrams, and tools used in the participatory process; - Critical reflection on the practical application of the approach / Das als Leitfaden gestaltete Arbeitspapier beschreibt Schritt für Schritt das Vorgehen bei der Implementierung von ‚Participative Innovation Platforms‘ (PIP). Das PIP Methodenpaket zur partizipativen Analyse und Entwicklung von Wertschöpfungsketten in Entwicklungsländern wird an Beispielen von kommerziellen Nichtholz-Waldprodukten aus Trockenwäldern Ostafrikas erklärt und gibt praktische Unterstützung zur Durchführung der PIP Workshops mit dem Ziel, Aktivitäten und Interventionen für Innovationen mit Relevanz für die gesamte Wertschöpfungskette gemeinsam mit den beteiligten Akteuren zu vereinbaren. Das PIP Konzept wurde im Rahmen des entwicklungsorientierten Forschungsprojekts CHAINS (CHAnces IN Sustainability: promoting natural resource based product chains in East Africa) entwickelt, um Bambus -, Weihrauch- und Gummi arabicum Wertschöpfungsketten in Äthiopien und dem Sudan zu verbessern. Das PIP Instrument stellt die Akteure in den Mittelpunkt und kann deshalb sehr flexibel auch für andere Produkte angewendet werden. Der Leitfaden bietet: - Hintergrundinformationen zum Konzept von Wertschöpfungsketten; - Einführung in den methodischen Rahmen für partizipative Analyse und Entwicklung von Wertschöpfungsketten; - Praktische Anleitung für die partizipative Analyse von Wertschöpfungsketten nach dem im CHAINS Projekt entwickelten Methodenpaket, einschließlich Checklisten, Diagrammen und Methoden; - Kritische Reflektion zu Möglichkeiten und Grenzen des PIP Methodenpakets.

This working paper was developed with the intention to provide a guideline for participatory analysis and development of commercial forest product value chains, in the context of developing countries. Basically, it was designed for identification and implementation of interventions or upgrading measures for the improvement of commercial forest product (Bamboo, Natural gum and resin, and Gum Arabic) value chains in Ethiopia and Sudan within the framework of a collaborative research project - CHAnces IN Sustainability: promoting natural resource based product chains in East Africa (CHAINS). The PIP instrument could also be applied for other commercial non-timber forest products (NTFPs), by adjusting to the local contexts and environments. It can be an important guide for value chain analysts, especially in the process of designing and verifying upgrading actions through the application of tools like interviewing actors, group discussions, or facilitated workshops. This working paper particularly provides: - Background information on basic concepts of value chain analysis and development; - Review of methodological frameworks for participatory value chain analysis and development; - Practical details for participatory value chain analysis as implemented by the CHAINS project, including checklists, diagrams, and tools used in the participatory process; - Critical reflection on the practical application of the approach:1. About the working paper 7 1.1. Purpose 7 1.2. Structure of the working paper 8 2. Introduction 9 2.1. Background: value chains 9 2.2. Background: Participative Innovation Platforms 12 2.3. The context 13 2.4. Overview of the CHAINS project 14 3. Methodological approach of PIP 16 3.1. Ownership and effect 16 3.2. Stages and roles 18 3.3. Diagnostic survey 21 3.3.1. Planning the diagnostic surveys 22 3.3.2. Conducting the diagnostic surveys 24 4. PIP workshops 26 4.1.1. The workshop contents 27 4.1.2. Selection of participants 28 4.1.3. Identification of facilitators 30 4.2. The workshop sessions 32 4.2.1. Schedule of PIP workshop 32 4.2.2. Preparatory session 33 4.2.3. Session 1: Welcome and Introductory 34 4.2.4. Session 2: Vetting of the survey results and detailed VC analysis 35 4.2.5. Session 3: Identification and analysis of critical points 37 4.2.6. Session 4: Identification and analysis of possible solutions 45 4.2.7. Session 5: Development and selection of upgrading strategies 46 4.2.8. Workshop evaluation and documentation 50 5. Limits of the PIP – a critical reflection 50 6. References 52 / Das als Leitfaden gestaltete Arbeitspapier beschreibt Schritt für Schritt das Vorgehen bei der Implementierung von ‚Participative Innovation Platforms‘ (PIP). Das PIP Methodenpaket zur partizipativen Analyse und Entwicklung von Wertschöpfungsketten in Entwicklungsländern wird an Beispielen von kommerziellen Nichtholz-Waldprodukten aus Trockenwäldern Ostafrikas erklärt und gibt praktische Unterstützung zur Durchführung der PIP Workshops mit dem Ziel, Aktivitäten und Interventionen für Innovationen mit Relevanz für die gesamte Wertschöpfungskette gemeinsam mit den beteiligten Akteuren zu vereinbaren. Das PIP Konzept wurde im Rahmen des entwicklungsorientierten Forschungsprojekts CHAINS (CHAnces IN Sustainability: promoting natural resource based product chains in East Africa) entwickelt, um Bambus -, Weihrauch- und Gummi arabicum Wertschöpfungsketten in Äthiopien und dem Sudan zu verbessern. Das PIP Instrument stellt die Akteure in den Mittelpunkt und kann deshalb sehr flexibel auch für andere Produkte angewendet werden. Der Leitfaden bietet: - Hintergrundinformationen zum Konzept von Wertschöpfungsketten; - Einführung in den methodischen Rahmen für partizipative Analyse und Entwicklung von Wertschöpfungsketten; - Praktische Anleitung für die partizipative Analyse von Wertschöpfungsketten nach dem im CHAINS Projekt entwickelten Methodenpaket, einschließlich Checklisten, Diagrammen und Methoden; - Kritische Reflektion zu Möglichkeiten und Grenzen des PIP Methodenpakets.:1. About the working paper 7 1.1. Purpose 7 1.2. Structure of the working paper 8 2. Introduction 9 2.1. Background: value chains 9 2.2. Background: Participative Innovation Platforms 12 2.3. The context 13 2.4. Overview of the CHAINS project 14 3. Methodological approach of PIP 16 3.1. Ownership and effect 16 3.2. Stages and roles 18 3.3. Diagnostic survey 21 3.3.1. Planning the diagnostic surveys 22 3.3.2. Conducting the diagnostic surveys 24 4. PIP workshops 26 4.1.1. The workshop contents 27 4.1.2. Selection of participants 28 4.1.3. Identification of facilitators 30 4.2. The workshop sessions 32 4.2.1. Schedule of PIP workshop 32 4.2.2. Preparatory session 33 4.2.3. Session 1: Welcome and Introductory 34 4.2.4. Session 2: Vetting of the survey results and detailed VC analysis 35 4.2.5. Session 3: Identification and analysis of critical points 37 4.2.6. Session 4: Identification and analysis of possible solutions 45 4.2.7. Session 5: Development and selection of upgrading strategies 46 4.2.8. Workshop evaluation and documentation 50 5. Limits of the PIP – a critical reflection 50 6. References 52