Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2000. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 153-159). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2000. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 153-159). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1997. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 134-139). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1997. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 134-139). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (M.S.M.E.)--University of Delaware, 2006. / Principal faculty advisor: Suresh G. Advani, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering. Includes bibliographical references.

A crescente utilização de embalagens de PET tem como conseqüência elevada geração de resíduos sólidos. A reciclagem é uma alternativa para a reutilização deste material polimérico. Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a influência da incorporação de 2,5, 5 e 7,5% (m/m) de pó de PETpc em substituição à carga mineral sulfato de bário (BaSO4) em uma tinta em pó base resina poliéster de formulação comercial. Foram utilizados dois processos de obtenção da tinta: no processo 1, a tinta foi processada na extrusora dupla rosca (processo convencional) e no processo 2, primeiramente a resina e o PETpc foram extrusados na extrusora mono rosca e após todos os componentes da tinta foram homogeneizados na extrusora dupla rosca. As tintas foram aplicadas em corpos de prova de aço carbono AISI 1005 de dimensões 70 mm x 120 mm x 0,75 mm submetidos ao pré-tratamento de fosfatização de zinco. O pó de PETpc, o PET flake e as tintas em pó obtidas foram caracterizadas a partir de análise granulométrica, espectroscopia de infravermelho por transformada de Fourier (FTIR), análise termogravimétrica (TGA) e calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC). O efeito da incorporação do pó de PETpc nas propriedades mecânicas e de desempenho à corrosão das tintas foi avaliado com ensaios de medida de brilho, aderência, flexibilidade, resistência ao impacto, ângulo de contato, exposição à névoa salina (NS), espectroscopia impedância eletroquímica (EIE) e análises de microscopia eletrônica de varredura por emissão de campo (MEV/FEG). Os resultados evidenciaram que a incorporação do pó de PETpc na tinta em pó não interferiu no comportamento térmico das tintas obtidas com o processo 1, porém reduziu o brilho e visualizou-se trincas na concentração de 2,5% de pó de PETpc. Nas tintas obtidas a partir do processo 2, observou-se alteração no comportamento térmico das tintas verificado nos ensaios de TGA e DSC, bem como alterações no filme de tinta com aumento do brilho e também no ensaio de flexibilidade que com 5% de pó de PETpc apresentou melhor resultado. Nos ensaios de impacto, névoa salina, ângulo de contato e aderência, não houve alteração nos resultados obtidos com os dois processos utilizados. No ensaio de EIE as tintas com adição superior a 2,5% de pó de PETpc não apresentaram corrosão. Desta forma, os resultados indicam que a incorporação de pó de PETpc em uma tinta em pó base resina poliéster pode ter uma utilização promissora, pois melhora as propriedades da tinta e ainda pode ser uma alternativa para a utilização dos resíduos de PETpc. / Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2016-11-24T15:47:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Karen da Silva Rodrigues.pdf: 234450 bytes, checksum: 270516cdc01e6f28c7e01cf88b148acf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-24T15:47:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Karen da Silva Rodrigues.pdf: 234450 bytes, checksum: 270516cdc01e6f28c7e01cf88b148acf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-24 / The Growing use of PET packaging results in high generation of solid waste. Recycling is an alternative For a polymeric material this reuse. This study aims to evaluate the influence of incorporation of 2.5, 5 and 7.5% (m/m) of PETpc powder to replace the mineral filler barium sulfate (BaSO4) in a coating base polyester resin. Two coatings obtain procedures were used: method 1 coating was processed in twin screw extruder (conventional method) and the method 2, first resin and PETpc were extruded in the single extruder thread and after all coatings components were homogenised in twin screw extruder. The coatings were applied on carbon steel AISI 1005 samples of 70 mm x 120 mm x 0.75 mm dimensions with prephosphating treatment were used. The PETpc powder, the PET flake and powder coatings obtained were characterized from thermal analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The effect of incorporating of PETpc powder on mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the coatings were evaluated by gloss measurement tests, adhesion, flexibility, impact resistance, exposure to salt spray (NS) electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and analysis of scanning electron field emission (SEM/FEG). The results showed that the incorporation of PETpc powder in the powder coatings did not affect the thermal behavior of the coatings obtained by the process 1, but reduced gloss and in the flexibility test visualized cracks in the concentration of 2.5% PETpc powder. In the coatings obtained from the process 2 was observed change in the thermal behavior of the coatings seen in the TGA and DSC testing, as well as changes in the coatings film with increase in the gloss and also in the flexibility test as with 5% PETpc powder showed the better results. Impact tests, salt spray, contact angle and grip there was no change in the results obtained with the two processes used. In test EIS powder coatings adding more than 2.5% PETpc powder showed no corrosion. Thus, the results indicate that the incorporation of PETpc powder on powder coating based polyester resin may be a promising use for improving the properties of the coating and may also be an alternative to the use of waste PETpc.

A crescente utilização de embalagens de PET tem como conseqüência elevada geração de resíduos sólidos. A reciclagem é uma alternativa para a reutilização deste material polimérico. Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a influência da incorporação de 2,5, 5 e 7,5% (m/m) de pó de PETpc em substituição à carga mineral sulfato de bário (BaSO4) em uma tinta em pó base resina poliéster de formulação comercial. Foram utilizados dois processos de obtenção da tinta: no processo 1, a tinta foi processada na extrusora dupla rosca (processo convencional) e no processo 2, primeiramente a resina e o PETpc foram extrusados na extrusora mono rosca e após todos os componentes da tinta foram homogeneizados na extrusora dupla rosca. As tintas foram aplicadas em corpos de prova de aço carbono AISI 1005 de dimensões 70 mm x 120 mm x 0,75 mm submetidos ao pré-tratamento de fosfatização de zinco. O pó de PETpc, o PET flake e as tintas em pó obtidas foram caracterizadas a partir de análise granulométrica, espectroscopia de infravermelho por transformada de Fourier (FTIR), análise termogravimétrica (TGA) e calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC). O efeito da incorporação do pó de PETpc nas propriedades mecânicas e de desempenho à corrosão das tintas foi avaliado com ensaios de medida de brilho, aderência, flexibilidade, resistência ao impacto, ângulo de contato, exposição à névoa salina (NS), espectroscopia impedância eletroquímica (EIE) e análises de microscopia eletrônica de varredura por emissão de campo (MEV/FEG). Os resultados evidenciaram que a incorporação do pó de PETpc na tinta em pó não interferiu no comportamento térmico das tintas obtidas com o processo 1, porém reduziu o brilho e visualizou-se trincas na concentração de 2,5% de pó de PETpc. Nas tintas obtidas a partir do processo 2, observou-se alteração no comportamento térmico das tintas verificado nos ensaios de TGA e DSC, bem como alterações no filme de tinta com aumento do brilho e também no ensaio de flexibilidade que com 5% de pó de PETpc apresentou melhor resultado. Nos ensaios de impacto, névoa salina, ângulo de contato e aderência, não houve alteração nos resultados obtidos com os dois processos utilizados. No ensaio de EIE as tintas com adição superior a 2,5% de pó de PETpc não apresentaram corrosão. Desta forma, os resultados indicam que a incorporação de pó de PETpc em uma tinta em pó base resina poliéster pode ter uma utilização promissora, pois melhora as propriedades da tinta e ainda pode ser uma alternativa para a utilização dos resíduos de PETpc. / The Growing use of PET packaging results in high generation of solid waste. Recycling is an alternative For a polymeric material this reuse. This study aims to evaluate the influence of incorporation of 2.5, 5 and 7.5% (m/m) of PETpc powder to replace the mineral filler barium sulfate (BaSO4) in a coating base polyester resin. Two coatings obtain procedures were used: method 1 coating was processed in twin screw extruder (conventional method) and the method 2, first resin and PETpc were extruded in the single extruder thread and after all coatings components were homogenised in twin screw extruder. The coatings were applied on carbon steel AISI 1005 samples of 70 mm x 120 mm x 0.75 mm dimensions with prephosphating treatment were used. The PETpc powder, the PET flake and powder coatings obtained were characterized from thermal analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The effect of incorporating of PETpc powder on mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the coatings were evaluated by gloss measurement tests, adhesion, flexibility, impact resistance, exposure to salt spray (NS) electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and analysis of scanning electron field emission (SEM/FEG). The results showed that the incorporation of PETpc powder in the powder coatings did not affect the thermal behavior of the coatings obtained by the process 1, but reduced gloss and in the flexibility test visualized cracks in the concentration of 2.5% PETpc powder. In the coatings obtained from the process 2 was observed change in the thermal behavior of the coatings seen in the TGA and DSC testing, as well as changes in the coatings film with increase in the gloss and also in the flexibility test as with 5% PETpc powder showed the better results. Impact tests, salt spray, contact angle and grip there was no change in the results obtained with the two processes used. In test EIS powder coatings adding more than 2.5% PETpc powder showed no corrosion. Thus, the results indicate that the incorporation of PETpc powder on powder coating based polyester resin may be a promising use for improving the properties of the coating and may also be an alternative to the use of waste PETpc.

Orientador: Julio Roberto Bartoli / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T01:31:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Faria_TatianeDiasMarques_M.pdf: 2955450 bytes, checksum: 63c9a4b195b9577f64bd709603a63795 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Adesivos preparados com borracha termoplástica são de grande importância na indústria de adesivos sensíveis à pressão devido à sua grande versatilidade de processamento. Porém, geralmente estes adesivos apresentam desvantagens em ensaios em que temperaturas na faixa de 90º C são requeridas. Neste trabalho, foram preparados adesivos de borracha termoplástica com nanoargilas do tipo montmorilonita com duas organofilicidades diferentes, a fim de se estudar o desempenho das propriedades adesivas de peel, tack, shear e SAFT (Shear Adhesion Failure Temperature), além das propriedades de flamabilidade. Primeiramente, foram preparados masterbatches de resina hidrocarbônica e nanoargilas Cloisite® 20A e 25A (sendo a 20A mais organofílica) pelo processo de intercalação do fundido, através de extrusora dupla-rosca. Análises de difração de raios X e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão sugerem uma esfoliação da Cloisite® 20A na resina e uma intercalação da Closite® 25A. Depois, os masterbatches foram utilizados na preparação de compostos adesivos nas concentrações de 5 e 10 phr de nanoargilas, também em extrusora dupla-rosca. Ensaios de difração de raios X sugereriram a esfoliação das nanoargilas em todos os compostos adesivos, porém, pelas análises de microscopia eletrônica de transmissão, a amostra preparada com a Cloisite® 20A, na concentração de 10 phr, apresentou uma esfoliação relativamente maior. Ensaios dinâmico-mecânicos apresentaram significativo deslocamento da temperatura de transição vítrea (pico de tan d) para os adesivos preparados com a Cloisite® 20A, sugerindo a formação de nanocompósitos. Os módulos de armazenamento, na faixa de 70 a 93º C, obtidos com estes compostos adesivos, apresentaram também valores inferiores aos demais adesivos, sendo que a uma concentração de 10 phr o módulo foi o menor obtido e a uma concentração de 5 phr o módulo apresentou um valor intermediário. Os ensaios nas fitas adesivas demonstraram um maior equilíbrio de propriedades adesivas para o adesivo preparado com a Closite® 20A numa concentração de 5phr, apresentando este, módulo ótimo na faixa de temperatura de 70 a 93º C. Este adesivo manteve as propriedades de peel e tack próximas às do adesivo referência, melhorando significativamente as propriedades de shear a 70 e 93º C e SAFT. O ensaio de flamabilidade não foi conclusivo pois as amostras foram consideradas inflamáveis e houve muita variabilidade nos resultados obtidos para os tempos de queima. / Abstract: Adhesives prepared with thermoplastic rubber are very important for the pressure sensitive adhesives industry due to its easy processability. However, these adhesives are usually not indicated for applications in which temperature resistance around 90o C is required. In this study, thermoplastic rubber adhesives with nanoclays were prepared, in order to evaluate its adhesion performance: peel, tack, shear and SAFT. Moreover, the flammability properties are also going to be studied. Firstly, masterbatches of nanoclays Cloisite® 20A and 25A (being 20A more organophilic) and hydrocarbon resin were prepared through melt intercalation process, using a twin-screw extruder. Analysis through X ray difraction and transmission electronic microscopy suggests the exfoliation of Cloisite® 20A in the resin and the intercalation of Cloisite® 25A. After that, the masterbatches were used in the hot melt adhesives preparation, giving the nanoclays concentration of 5 and 10 phr. This process was also made in the twin-screw extruder. Analysis through X ray difraction showed again the exfoliation of the nanoclays in the adhesive, however, transmission electronic microscopy suggests that the sample prepared with Cloisite® 20A and concentration of 10phr presented the higher level of exfoliation. Dynamic-mechanical analysis showed a glass transition temperature shift (tan d peak) for the adhesives prepared with Cloisite® 20A, suggesting the formation of nanocomposites. The storage modulus of these adhesives, in the range from 70 to 93oC, showed values lower than the reference and other adhesives, being the adhesive with 20A and 10 phr the lowest modulus and the adhesive with 20A and 5 phr the intermediate value for the modulus. The testing done with the adhesive tapes, showed more balanced properties for the adhesive prepared with Cloisite® 20A and 5 phr, suggesting an optimal value for the modulus. This adhesive kept peel and tack properties close to the reference and showed improvements in properties like: 70 and 93oC shear and SAFT. Flammability testing was not conclusive because all samples were considered flammable and lots of variability was oberved in the burning times obtained. / Mestrado / Ciencia e Tecnologia de Materiais / Mestre em Engenharia Química

Conventional methods of imparting toughness to ordinarily brittle thermosetting resins involve the incorporation of a second, discreet phase. Traditionally, this phase has been either a functionalized butadiene-acrylonitrile based elastomer or an unreactive thermoplastic. This dissertation describes the preparation, characterization, and evaluation of new functionalized polysiloxane elastomer and thermoplastic modifiers and their morphological implications to the toughening and physical behavior of, principally, epoxy thermosetting systems. Secondary amine-terminated poly(dimethyl-co-diphenyl siloxane) oligomers were found to be comparable tougheners to acrylonitrile-butadiene rubbers for a bisphenol-A based epoxy resin. The system that imparted the highest toughness was comprised of statistically placed 40% diphenyl and 60% dimethylsiloxane units with Mn̅ of 5000 g/mole loaded at 15% w/w. This composition resulted in a discreet second phase consisting of l μm spherical particles which were evenly dispersed throughout the cured epoxy matrix. Amine-terminated poly(arylene ether ketone) and poly(arylene ether sulfone) thermoplastics were reacted into an EPON 828/4,4'·DDS system. However, the polyketones proved to be ineffective toughening agents due to an incompatibility resulting in macroscopic phase separation. In contrast, the functionalized polysulfones were shown to be effective toughening agents, with the resultant morphology primarily a function of percent incorporation. At ~15% w/w, the polysulfone separated as l-2μm discreet particles while a 30% loading level resulted in a bicontinuous “honeycomb” morphology. The amine endgroups were shown to be necessary in controlling morphology and maximizing toughness. The polysulfone oligomers were also incorporated into a graphite fiber reinforced epoxy composite. Although improved mechanical properties were achieved, the toughness values were not as high as predicted by the neat resin evaluation. The morphology was less definable due to the complex nature and dimensions of the carbon fiber/matrix interactions. Finally, melt processing experiments indicated that amine-terminated polysulfones may act as effective processing aids for brittle bismaleimide systems, by reacting with the BMI, possibly via a Michael addition. This results in a chain extension and higher molecular weight without premature gelation occurring. / Ph. D.

This research project is partnership project involving industrial, university and government collaborators. The overall objective is to develop and enhance tools for use in Resin Transfer Moulding (RTM) design technology in order to re-design existing metallic parts using composite materials. / The specific objective of this work is to present preliminary research findings of the development of an optimized design of a leading edge slat (horizontal stabilizer component) from the Bell Model 407 Helicopter. The results presented here focus on the static stress analysis and the structure design aspects. The findings will serve as a basis for future design optimization as well as further developments in the use of RTM technology in re-designing metallic aeronautic components and can be considered to be "semi-optimized". / This research is based on extensive finite element analysis (FEA) of several composite material configurations, with a comparison made with the original metallic design. Different key criteria of the part design such as ply lay-up, bracket geometry, angle and configuration are tested using FEA technology with the objective of selecting the design which is minimizing stress concentrations. The influence of the modification of model-related parameters was also studied. / Preliminary comparative studies show that the slat configuration with half brackets opened towards the inside with an angle of 70 degrees (angle between the top of the airfoil and the side of the bracket) is the best option according to minimum stress concentration and structural flexibility. This choice is confirmed by other factors such as material savings and ease of processing.