Worldwide, we are losing biodiversity at unprecedented rates, and due to deforestation, degradation and poaching, Southeast Asian wildlife is facing extreme threats. Indonesia recently eclipsed Brazil in having the world's highest deforestation rate, largely due to the rise of the palm oil industry. Indonesia contains multiple biodiversity hotspots and endangered species such as the Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae). While Riau Province, Sumatra, produces approximately 20% of the world's palm oil, tigers still inhabit parts of Riau, though their habitat and prey are understudied. Thus, in this research, I aim to assess and quantify how tiger habitat has changed, how it will continue to change, and provide recommendations on how to improve the landscape for tigers. I create the first accuracy-assessed land cover maps of Riau, and then predict land cover change from 2016 – 2050. Using this newly created land cover map, I assess whether Tesso Nilo National Park, Bukit Tigapuluh National Park, and Rimbang Baling Wildlife Reserve are effective at preventing deforestation. Next, I examine human impacts within Tesso Nilo specifically, due to its suitability for oil palm and its potential as a stepping stone for wildlife movement from the western, mountains to the eastern peatlands of Sumatra. Finally, I examine impacts of human presence within Rimbang Baling on felid-prey relationships. I predict that by 2050, over 60% of natural forest in Riau will be lost, and all protected areas only confer low levels of protection. I determined that Tesso Nilo National Park has nearly 2500 km of roads within it and no areas within the park are untouched by humans. Wildlife detections were low near the boundary of Rimbang Baling and there was evidence of humans negatively impacting mousedeer (Tragulus spp) behavior. I suggest focusing on securing the habitat within Rimbang Baling and Bukit Tigapuluh to ensure habitat for dispersing tigers from the western mountains, in addition to, and perhaps before focusing on restoring Tesso Nilo and creating wildlife corridors. While tiger recovery in Riau will be difficult, with education, dedication, persistence and intelligent planning, tigers may be able to persist in this unique ecosystem in the long-term. / Ph. D. / Worldwide, we are losing plants and animals at unprecedented rates, and due to deforestation, degradation and poaching, Southeast Asian wildlife is facing extreme threats. Indonesia recently passed Brazil in having the world’s highest deforestation rate, largely due to the rise of the palm oil industry. Indonesia has a wide diversity of plants and animals, including endangered species such as the Sumatran tiger. While Riau Province, Sumatra, produces approximately 20% of the world’s palm oil, tigers still inhabit parts of Riau, though their habitat and prey are understudied. Thus, in this research, I aim to assess how tiger habitat has changed, how it will continue to change, and provide recommendations to improve the landscape for tigers. I create the first land cover maps of Riau that have been verified with field data, and then predict land cover change from 2016 – 2050. Using this land cover map, I assess whether Tesso Nilo National Park, Bukit Tigapuluh National Park, and Rimbang Baling Wildlife Reserve are effective at preventing deforestation. Next, I examine human impacts within Tesso Nilo, due to its soil characteristics making it suitable for oil palm and its potential as habitat for wildlife movement from the western, mountains to the eastern swamps of Sumatra. Finally, I examine impacts of humans within Rimbang Baling on wild cat-prey relationships. I predict that by 2050, over 60% of forest in Riau will be lost, and all protected areas only provide slight protection. I determined that Tesso Nilo has nearly 2500 km of roads within it and no areas within the park are untouched by humans. Wildlife sightings were low near the boundary of Rimbang Baling and there was evidence of humans negatively impacting tiger prey behavior. I suggest focusing on securing the forests within Rimbang Baling and Bukit Tigapuluh to ensure forest for tigers that may come from the western mountains, in addition to, and before focusing on restoring Tesso Nilo and creating wildlife movement areas. While tiger recovery in Riau will be difficult, with education, dedication, persistence and intelligent planning, tigers may be able to persist in this unique ecosystem in the long-term.

Wetlands are among the most species-rich environments and important for biodiversity. The area of Swedish wetlands has decreased significantly over the past century, primarily due to drainage for forestry and agriculture. The volume of standing trees on peatlands increased by 75% between 1980 and 2000. Large conservation efforts aim to protect and restore wetlands, necessitating informed and effective actions. This study investigates whether populations of wetland birds in Dalarna County, Sweden, have been affected by increased tree growthbetween the 1970s and the 2010s. Using data from bird inventories conducted by Dalarnas Ornitologiska Förening and Länsstyrelsen Dalarna on 110 wetlands, a linear regression model examined the relationship between changes in the number of selected wetland birds and vegetation changes per wetland area. Vegetation changes, derived from Naturvårdsverkets satellite-based monitoring program, showed that the proportion of areas with increased biomass varied from none to 11.5%. The study found no significant relationship between vegetation changes and changes in the total number of waders or in the number of individual wetland bird species. Key ecological requirements for wetland bird species, such as low tree height and wetness, may have remained sufficiently intact to avoid affecting bird numbers, given the relatively small vegetation changes detected. Identifying areas with high conservation values and understanding how the threat of increased biomass affects these values is important to achieve the environmental goal of "Thriving Wetlands", necessitating continued monitoring to detect possible future changes and address issues promptly.

The Influence of Land Cover and Its Change on Distribution and Species Composition of Raptors in the Czech Republic Abstract Bird species diversity and distribution in relation to a variety of factors have been the subject of numerous works. So far, none of these studies have dealt with an individual order of birds, and this is why I decided to undertake this type of research. The main theme of my work is the extent to which land cover and particularly its perpetual changes influence the local species of raptors. In the introductory part, I outline the character of the changes on the territory of the Czech Republic in the years 1970-2000 and describe their influence on the distribution and diversity of raptors. An analysis of historical and current data concerning the above mentioned period follows, the chief objective being to evaluate all the aspects of dependence of raptors on the past and present state of the landcover in the Czech Republic. The dependence of diversity of raptors on the diversity of land cover has been proved.

Orientador: Laurence Marianne Vincianne Culot / Resumo: A seleção de dormitórios pelos primatas pode ser influenciada por diversos fatores, como a predação, termorregulação e defesa de território. Nosso objetivo foi investigar quais desses fatores influenciam a seleção de dormitórios pelos micos-leões-pretos e se há divergência nas características dos dormitórios entre uma floresta contínua e um fragmento. Estudamos dois grupos de mico-leões-pretos, um numa floresta contínua e um num fragmento na região do Pontal do Paranapanema, São Paulo, Brasil. Nós coletamos os dados sobre as características físicas dos dormitórios e das árvores disponíveis no habitat. Usamos testes de Mann-Whitney para comparar as características físicas dos dormitórios com as árvores disponíveis e Funções de Seleção de Recursos (RSF) para entender quais dessas características são mais importantes na escolha dos dormitórios. Os micos-leões-pretos usaram árvores mais altas, com menor número de conexões de copas e com um alto grau de cobertura de copa para dormir, quando comparado às árvores disponíveis. Os dormitórios usados pelo grupo da floresta contínua eram maiores, com as primeiras ramificações inferiores mais altas e com menor número de conexão de copas do que os dormitórios usados pelo grupo do fragmento. Nossos resultados evidenciam a presença de estratégias anti-predação pelos grupos de micos-leões-pretos, com o grupo da floresta contínua apresentando um processo de seleção de dormitórios mais refinado, no qual a seleção apenas de árvores que possuam ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Sleeping site selection by primates can be influenced by several factors, such as predation, thermoregulation and territorial defense. Our objective was to investigate which of these factors influence the sleeping site selection by black lion tamarins and if there is divergence in the characteristics of the sleeping sites between a continuous forest and a fragment. We studied two groups of black lion tamarins, one in a continuous forest and one in a small and isolated fragment in the Pontal do Paranapanema, São Paulo, Brazil. We collected data on the physical characteristics of the sleeping sites and available trees within the both habitats. We used Mann-Whitney tests to compare the physical characteristics of the sleeping sites with available trees and Resource Selection Functions (RSF) to understand which of these characteristics are most important in choosing the sleeping sites. Black lion tamarins used taller trees, with a fewer canopy connections, and a higher degree of canopy cover compared to the available trees. The sleeping sites used by the continuous forest group were larger, with the first lower ramifications higher and with fewer number of canopy connections than the sleeping sites used by the fragment group. Our results evidenced the presence of anti-predation strategies by both black lion tamarin groups, with the continuous forest group presenting a more refined sleeping site selection process, in which the selection of only trees with a larger set of character... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Esse estudo teve como objetivo investigar os fatores estruturantes das taxocenoses de aves que utilizam remanescentes de vegetação campestre na região da Fronteira Oeste do Rio Grande do Sul. Através desse estudo busquei compreender os efeitos da estrutura espacial dos remanescentes (área, formato e proximidade entre remanescentes) e também os efeitos exercidos pela estrutura do habitat no uso desses pelas aves campestres. Amostrei quantitativamente por pontos de contagem a avifauna em 21 manchas de vegetação campestre com diferentes áreas, formas e estrutura da vegetação. Utilizei ferramentas de sensoriamento remoto para avaliar a estrutura espacial dos remanescentes e caracterizei o habitat dessas manchas através de medidas da estrutura da vegetação. Utilizei o método analítico de partição da variância através de análises de regressão múltipla e análise de correlação canônica parciais para quantificar a porção da variância explicada por cada grupo de variáveis (estrutura da vegetação e estrutura espacial dos remanescentes) na variação total da abundância, composição e riqueza da avifauna nas manchas. Registrei um total de 33 espécies de aves campestres, sendo três dessas categorizadas em algum grau de ameaça de extinção: Circus cinereus, Cisthotorus platensis e Sporophila cinnamomea. Meus resultados indicaram que a estrutura espacial das manchas não exerce efeito significativo sobre a avifauna campestre e a essa responde principalmente à estrutura e características da vegetação. Dessa forma, meus resultados sugerem que as assembléias de aves que utilizam os remanescentes de vegetação campestre da região estudada são estruturadas a partir das características do habitat e são fracamente influenciadas pela estruturação espacial desses. Assim, a permanência de manchas próximas de vegetação campestre em meio às áreas de cultivo, mesmo que pequenas, poderá favorecer a permanência de uma alta diversidade de espécies de aves na região estudada. / The goal of this study was to investigate the factors that structure bird assemblages in grassland patches in Campos Biome of Fronteira Oeste region, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Thus, I searched for the effects of the spatial structure of native vegetation patches and the effects caused by their vegetation structure on the avifauna that makes use of them. I utilized remote sensing techniques to evaluate the spatial structure of the patches (area, shape, and proximity among patches) and I characterized the patches’ habitat by measuring the vegetation structure (vegetation height, dead standing vegetation, soil covered by vegetation, percentage coverage by grasses, herbs, and shrubs). I used the variation partitioning method to quantify the portion of variation explained by both spatial and vegetation group of variables in the total avifauna’s abundance, composition, and richness variation. I registered 33 grassland bird species and among them, three are threatened with extinction: Circus cinereus, Cisthotorus platensis, and Sporophila cinnamomea. My results denote an insignificant effect of spatial structure of patches on the grassland birds and a high response to the vegetation structure. In this way, my results suggest that the grassland bird’s assemblages that use native vegetation patches are mainly structured by the habitat characteristics (vegetation structure), and are weakly influenced by the patches spatial arrangement. Thus, the maintenance of neighbour patches, even though small ones, into the arable fields may favour the persistence of a high diversity of grassland birds in the region studied.

Orientador: Rita de Cassia Bianchi / Banca: Natália Mundim Tôrres / Banca: Guilherme de Miranda Mourão / Resumo: Com a expansão dos centros urbanos e das atividades agrícolas, as áreas do bioma Cerrado no estado de São Paulo vêm sendo transformadas em paisagens altamente fragmentadas constituídas em grande parte por fragmentos pequenos. A perda e a fragmentação do habitat tem sido um dos principais fatores responsáveis pelo declínio populacional e pela extinção local de espécies com baixa densidade populacional, baixa taxa de reprodução, alta demanda por espaço e especialista alimentar, como o tamanduá-bandeira (Myrmecophaga tridactyla). É conhecido que algumas espécies de mamíferos modificam seus padrões de atividade frente às perturbações antrópicas e até em relação aos efeitos da perda de habitat. Diante disso, os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar se a área e o isolamento do fragmento, a porcentagem de vegetação nativa e a disponibilidade hídrica da paisagem são importantes para explicar a ocupação dos fragmentos pelo tamanduá-bandeira, e verificar se há diferenças no padrão de atividade entre as populações de tamanduás que ocupam os fragmentos menores (< 2.015 ha) e a população que ocupa o fragmento maior (10.285 ha). Os dados de presença e ausência dos tamanduás-bandeira em cada um dos vinte fragmentos de vegetação nativa localizados no nordeste do estado de São Paulo foram coletados através de armadilhas fotográficas. A influência da temperatura e da pluviosidade na probabilidade de detecção dos tamanduás e a importância das variáveis de fragmento e de paisagem na probabilidade... / Abstract: With the expansion of urban areas and agricultural activities, the Cerrado's areas in São Paulo state have been transformed in highly fragmented landscapes consisting largely of small fragments. Habitat loss and fragmentation have been one of the main factors responsible for population decline and local extinction of species with low population density, low reproduction rate, high spatial demand and diet specialist, such as the giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla). It is known that some species of mammals modify their activity patterns in face of anthropic disturbances and even in relation to the habitat loss effects. On this, the aims of this study were to evaluate if the patch's area and the isolation, the native vegetation percentage and water availability in the landscape are important to explain the patches occupancy by the giant anteater, and verify if there are differences in the activity pattern between the anteaters populations that inhabit the smaller patches (<2,015 ha) and the population that occupies the larger patch (10,285 ha). The presence and absence data of the giant anteaters in each one of the twenty patches of native vegetation located in the northeast of the São Paulo state were collected through camera traps. The temperature and rainfall influence on the detection probability of the anteaters and the importance of the patch and landscape variables on the occupancy probability of the patches by the species were evaluated through single-season ... ( / Mestre

La perte d'habitat engendrée par l'artificialisation des côtes a de graves conséquences sur la biodiversité marine. Aussi, dans une optique de maintien de la biodiversité et des stocks de poissons, il peut s’avérer intéressant de restaurer certaines fonctions écologiques dans les zones anthropisées. Cette thèse avait pour objectif d’estimer le rôle potentiel des ports en tant qu’habitat pour les juvéniles de poissons côtiers et d’évaluer dans quelle mesure ce rôle peut être amélioré par le biais d’actions de restauration. Des expérimentations en aquarium ont permis d’estimer que le taux de survie des juvéniles sur des habitats artificiels utilisés à des fins de restauration était comparable à celui observé sur des roches. Une étude de la distribution spatiale des juvéniles à l’échelle d’un paysage sous-marin a ensuite montré que les ports pouvaient abriter des densités en juvéniles représentant de 50 à 90 % de celles retrouvées en milieu naturel. Les densités à l'intérieur des ports étaient cependant tributaires du type d’habitat considéré; les quais sans complexité structurale abritant les densités les plus faibles. Enfin, l'étude de cas concrets, a montré que la réhabilitation des ports pouvait significativement augmenter les densités de juvéniles à l’échelle de l’habitat, celles-ci pouvant atteindre des niveaux comparables au milieu naturel. Toutefois, ces bénéfices restaient faibles à l’échelle d’un port dans sa globalité. Ces travaux suggèrent un réel potentiel des infrastructures portuaires en tant qu’habitat juvénile alternatif, en particulier si des actions de restauration y sont entreprises. Cependant, pour plus d’efficacité, les projets de restauration devraient être menés à large échelle et utiliser une diversité d’habitats artificiels. La restauration écologique des ports peut ainsi être employée comme un outil complémentaire aux mesures de protection dans le cadre d’une gestion intégrée des zones côtières à l’échelle du paysage. / Habitat loss caused by urban sprawl has harmful consequences on marine biodiversity. With a view to maintaining biodiversity and fish stocks, it may be worthwhile to restore some ecological features in anthropized areas. The aim of this thesis was to estimate the potential role of ports as habitat for juvenile coastal fish and to evaluate how this role can be improvedthrough restoration actions. Tank experiments revealed that juvenile survival rate on artificial habitats used for restoration purpose could be equivalent to that observed on natural habitat. The assessment of the spatial distribution of juvenile at the scale of a seascape permitted to estimate that harbors could host densities of juvenile that were between 50 to 90% of thoseobserved in natural sites. Within harbors densities were highly dependent on the type of habitat, featureless dock hosting the lowest densities. Subsequently, based on case studies, this work demonstrated that harbors rehabilitation could significantly enhance juvenile densities at the habitat scale. Densities on restored habitat might reach those observed in natural habitats.However, at the scale of the whole harbor benefits were low. This work suggests that harbors have a real potential as an alternative juvenile habitat, especially if restoration actions are undergone. However, for more efficiency, restoration projects should be led at the scale of the whole site and include a diversity of artificial habitats. Thereby, restoration approaches shouldbe considered as a complementary tool to protection measures in a seascape integrated management approach of coastal areas

Esse estudo teve como objetivo investigar os fatores estruturantes das taxocenoses de aves que utilizam remanescentes de vegetação campestre na região da Fronteira Oeste do Rio Grande do Sul. Através desse estudo busquei compreender os efeitos da estrutura espacial dos remanescentes (área, formato e proximidade entre remanescentes) e também os efeitos exercidos pela estrutura do habitat no uso desses pelas aves campestres. Amostrei quantitativamente por pontos de contagem a avifauna em 21 manchas de vegetação campestre com diferentes áreas, formas e estrutura da vegetação. Utilizei ferramentas de sensoriamento remoto para avaliar a estrutura espacial dos remanescentes e caracterizei o habitat dessas manchas através de medidas da estrutura da vegetação. Utilizei o método analítico de partição da variância através de análises de regressão múltipla e análise de correlação canônica parciais para quantificar a porção da variância explicada por cada grupo de variáveis (estrutura da vegetação e estrutura espacial dos remanescentes) na variação total da abundância, composição e riqueza da avifauna nas manchas. Registrei um total de 33 espécies de aves campestres, sendo três dessas categorizadas em algum grau de ameaça de extinção: Circus cinereus, Cisthotorus platensis e Sporophila cinnamomea. Meus resultados indicaram que a estrutura espacial das manchas não exerce efeito significativo sobre a avifauna campestre e a essa responde principalmente à estrutura e características da vegetação. Dessa forma, meus resultados sugerem que as assembléias de aves que utilizam os remanescentes de vegetação campestre da região estudada são estruturadas a partir das características do habitat e são fracamente influenciadas pela estruturação espacial desses. Assim, a permanência de manchas próximas de vegetação campestre em meio às áreas de cultivo, mesmo que pequenas, poderá favorecer a permanência de uma alta diversidade de espécies de aves na região estudada. / The goal of this study was to investigate the factors that structure bird assemblages in grassland patches in Campos Biome of Fronteira Oeste region, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Thus, I searched for the effects of the spatial structure of native vegetation patches and the effects caused by their vegetation structure on the avifauna that makes use of them. I utilized remote sensing techniques to evaluate the spatial structure of the patches (area, shape, and proximity among patches) and I characterized the patches’ habitat by measuring the vegetation structure (vegetation height, dead standing vegetation, soil covered by vegetation, percentage coverage by grasses, herbs, and shrubs). I used the variation partitioning method to quantify the portion of variation explained by both spatial and vegetation group of variables in the total avifauna’s abundance, composition, and richness variation. I registered 33 grassland bird species and among them, three are threatened with extinction: Circus cinereus, Cisthotorus platensis, and Sporophila cinnamomea. My results denote an insignificant effect of spatial structure of patches on the grassland birds and a high response to the vegetation structure. In this way, my results suggest that the grassland bird’s assemblages that use native vegetation patches are mainly structured by the habitat characteristics (vegetation structure), and are weakly influenced by the patches spatial arrangement. Thus, the maintenance of neighbour patches, even though small ones, into the arable fields may favour the persistence of a high diversity of grassland birds in the region studied.

Esse estudo teve como objetivo investigar os fatores estruturantes das taxocenoses de aves que utilizam remanescentes de vegetação campestre na região da Fronteira Oeste do Rio Grande do Sul. Através desse estudo busquei compreender os efeitos da estrutura espacial dos remanescentes (área, formato e proximidade entre remanescentes) e também os efeitos exercidos pela estrutura do habitat no uso desses pelas aves campestres. Amostrei quantitativamente por pontos de contagem a avifauna em 21 manchas de vegetação campestre com diferentes áreas, formas e estrutura da vegetação. Utilizei ferramentas de sensoriamento remoto para avaliar a estrutura espacial dos remanescentes e caracterizei o habitat dessas manchas através de medidas da estrutura da vegetação. Utilizei o método analítico de partição da variância através de análises de regressão múltipla e análise de correlação canônica parciais para quantificar a porção da variância explicada por cada grupo de variáveis (estrutura da vegetação e estrutura espacial dos remanescentes) na variação total da abundância, composição e riqueza da avifauna nas manchas. Registrei um total de 33 espécies de aves campestres, sendo três dessas categorizadas em algum grau de ameaça de extinção: Circus cinereus, Cisthotorus platensis e Sporophila cinnamomea. Meus resultados indicaram que a estrutura espacial das manchas não exerce efeito significativo sobre a avifauna campestre e a essa responde principalmente à estrutura e características da vegetação. Dessa forma, meus resultados sugerem que as assembléias de aves que utilizam os remanescentes de vegetação campestre da região estudada são estruturadas a partir das características do habitat e são fracamente influenciadas pela estruturação espacial desses. Assim, a permanência de manchas próximas de vegetação campestre em meio às áreas de cultivo, mesmo que pequenas, poderá favorecer a permanência de uma alta diversidade de espécies de aves na região estudada. / The goal of this study was to investigate the factors that structure bird assemblages in grassland patches in Campos Biome of Fronteira Oeste region, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Thus, I searched for the effects of the spatial structure of native vegetation patches and the effects caused by their vegetation structure on the avifauna that makes use of them. I utilized remote sensing techniques to evaluate the spatial structure of the patches (area, shape, and proximity among patches) and I characterized the patches’ habitat by measuring the vegetation structure (vegetation height, dead standing vegetation, soil covered by vegetation, percentage coverage by grasses, herbs, and shrubs). I used the variation partitioning method to quantify the portion of variation explained by both spatial and vegetation group of variables in the total avifauna’s abundance, composition, and richness variation. I registered 33 grassland bird species and among them, three are threatened with extinction: Circus cinereus, Cisthotorus platensis, and Sporophila cinnamomea. My results denote an insignificant effect of spatial structure of patches on the grassland birds and a high response to the vegetation structure. In this way, my results suggest that the grassland bird’s assemblages that use native vegetation patches are mainly structured by the habitat characteristics (vegetation structure), and are weakly influenced by the patches spatial arrangement. Thus, the maintenance of neighbour patches, even though small ones, into the arable fields may favour the persistence of a high diversity of grassland birds in the region studied.

Submitted by Gisele Lamberti Zanirato null (gisele_zanirato@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-07-07T15:51:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Diss Gisele L Zanirato rep.pdf: 1048307 bytes, checksum: 64d1df70f421a6b3857410fbad214c61 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Monique Sasaki (sayumi_sasaki@hotmail.com) on 2017-07-13T17:37:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 zanirato_gl_me_sjrp.pdf: 1048307 bytes, checksum: 64d1df70f421a6b3857410fbad214c61 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-13T17:37:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 zanirato_gl_me_sjrp.pdf: 1048307 bytes, checksum: 64d1df70f421a6b3857410fbad214c61 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Com a expansão dos centros urbanos e das atividades agrícolas, as áreas do bioma Cerrado no estado de São Paulo vêm sendo transformadas em paisagens altamente fragmentadas constituídas em grande parte por fragmentos pequenos. A perda e a fragmentação do habitat tem sido um dos principais fatores responsáveis pelo declínio populacional e pela extinção local de espécies com baixa densidade populacional, baixa taxa de reprodução, alta demanda por espaço e especialista alimentar, como o tamanduá-bandeira (Myrmecophaga tridactyla). É conhecido que algumas espécies de mamíferos modificam seus padrões de atividade frente às perturbações antrópicas e até em relação aos efeitos da perda de habitat. Diante disso, os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar se a área e o isolamento do fragmento, a porcentagem de vegetação nativa e a disponibilidade hídrica da paisagem são importantes para explicar a ocupação dos fragmentos pelo tamanduá-bandeira, e verificar se há diferenças no padrão de atividade entre as populações de tamanduás que ocupam os fragmentos menores (< 2.015 ha) e a população que ocupa o fragmento maior (10.285 ha). Os dados de presença e ausência dos tamanduás-bandeira em cada um dos vinte fragmentos de vegetação nativa localizados no nordeste do estado de São Paulo foram coletados através de armadilhas fotográficas. A influência da temperatura e da pluviosidade na probabilidade de detecção dos tamanduás e a importância das variáveis de fragmento e de paisagem na probabilidade de ocupação dos fragmentos pela espécie foram avaliadas através de modelos de ocupação de estação única. O Critério de Informação de Akaike corrigido (AICc) foi utilizado para a seleção dos melhores modelos e o teste de Mardia Watson Wheeler foi usado para verificar possíveis diferenças no padrão de atividade entre as populações que ocupam os fragmentos menores e a população presente no fragmento maior. O padrão de atividade dos tamanduás não foi influenciado pela área do fragmento, no entanto, a probabilidade de ocupação dos fragmentos pela espécie foi maior nos fragmentos com áreas maiores e em fragmentos com maior porcentagem de vegetação nativa ao redor. Portanto, a conservação de fragmentos maiores e de fragmentos com maior porcentagem de vegetação nativa ao redor é de grande importância para a conservação de tamanduás-bandeira no nordeste do estado de São Paulo. / With the expansion of urban areas and agricultural activities, the Cerrado’s areas in São Paulo state have been transformed in highly fragmented landscapes consisting largely of small fragments. Habitat loss and fragmentation have been one of the main factors responsible for population decline and local extinction of species with low population density, low reproduction rate, high spatial demand and diet specialist, such as the giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla). It is known that some species of mammals modify their activity patterns in face of anthropic disturbances and even in relation to the habitat loss effects. On this, the aims of this study were to evaluate if the patch’s area and the isolation, the native vegetation percentage and water availability in the landscape are important to explain the patches occupancy by the giant anteater, and verify if there are differences in the activity pattern between the anteaters populations that inhabit the smaller patches (<2,015 ha) and the population that occupies the larger patch (10,285 ha). The presence and absence data of the giant anteaters in each one of the twenty patches of native vegetation located in the northeast of the São Paulo state were collected through camera traps. The temperature and rainfall influence on the detection probability of the anteaters and the importance of the patch and landscape variables on the occupancy probability of the patches by the species were evaluated through single-season occupancy models.The corrected Akaike Information Criterion (AICc) was used to select the best models and the Mardia Watson Wheeler test was used to verify possible differences in the activity pattern between the populations that inhabit the smaller patches and the population present in the larger patch. The activity pattern of the anteaters was not influenced by the patch’s area, however, the occupancy probability of the patches by the species was higher in the larger patches and in patches with higher native vegetation percentage around. Therefore, the conservation of larger patches and of the patches with higher native vegetation percentage around them is of great importance for the anteater conservation in the northeast of the São Paulo state.