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This research clarified existing inconsistencies in self-assessment literature, and added to the body of knowledge for rating effectiveness of organizational assessments by defining relationships among rating effectiveness criteria (ratee, rater, rating scale, rating process) and measures (interrater reliability, halo error, leniency and severity, range restriction) based on extensive literature review. A research framework was developed from this review, and was employed in computing rating effectiveness measures at the individual (i.e., examiner or eight rating scale dimensions) and sector (e.g., Private Manufacturing Sector, Private Service Sector, Public Local Sector, Public State & Federal Sector) levels for a State Quality Award (SQA) using data from the 1998 applications. Interrater reliability (measured by intraclass correlations for each rating scale dimension) was low to moderate, and differed by dimension. Halo error (measured by the determinant of the dimension intercorrelation matrices for each examiner) was present for all examiners. Leniency and severity (measured by presence of statistically significant Rater main effect for each dimension) was present for 11 of 32 cases, and differed by dimension. Range restriction (measured by variance analysis for each dimension) was present for 22 of 32 cases, and differed by dimension. A post-hoc principle component analysis indicated poor internal reliability for the rating scale. To improve, the SQA should replace the existing rating scale and provide in-depth training on all elements of the rating process. The importance of the SQA using boxplots, histograms, and rating effectiveness measures to make fully informed decisions was discussed. / Master of Science

Die Arbeit stellt eine nationale Bildungsstudie zur Erfassung von Schreibkompetenzen vor und untersucht das angewandte Verfahren auf drei ausgewählte Validitätsaspekte. In Studie I wird geprüft, ob es sich bei Schreibkompetenz sowie den Schreibkompetenzdimensionen Inhalt, Stil und sprachliche Richtigkeit um textmusterunabhängige oder textmusterspezifische Konstrukte handelt. Darüber hinaus wird die interne Struktur von Schreibkompetenz betrachtet. Die vorwiegend auf Modellvergleichen basierenden Analysen zeigen, dass es sich bei allgemeinen Schreibkompetenzen sowie bei inhaltlichen und stilistischen Schreibkompetenzen um textmusterspezifische Konstrukte handelt, bei der orthografisch-grammatischen Schreibkompetenz hingegen um ein textmusterunabhängiges Konstrukt. Für alle Textmuster zeigt sich eine zweidimensionale Struktur. In Studie II wird untersucht, inwiefern Lesefähigkeiten bei der Messung von Schreibkompetenzen aufgrund der textuellen Präsentation der Aufgabeninstruktion miterfasst werden. Der Einfluss der Lesekompetenz wird dabei als Zusammenhangsstärke zwischen Lese- und Schreibkompetenz in Abhängigkeit von leseschwierigkeitsquantifizierenden Merkmale via Mehrebenen¬moderatoranalysen geprüft. Es zeigen sich statistisch bedeutsame, aber praktisch kaum relevante Effekte für zwei der Merkmale: syntaktische Komplexität und Seltenheit der Wörter. In Studie III wird untersucht, ob eine von der sprachlichen Richtigkeit unabhängige Beurteilung inhaltlicher und stilistischer Schreibkompetenzen erfolgt oder ob Halo-Effekte zutage treten. In Anschlussanalysen wird geprüft, ob diese Halo-Effekte von Art und Anzahl der Fehler, Textlänge, Textkomplexität und Textmuster abhängen. Es zeigen sich keine Urteilsverzerrungen bei der inhaltlichen, jedoch bei der stilistischen Bewertung. Diese Verzerrungen sind größer bei syntaktisch komplexeren Texten und bei höherer Fehleranzahl, vor allem unter Vorliegen grammatischer Fehler und syntaktisch relevanter Zeichensetzungsfehler. / The dissertation presents a national educational study assessing writing competencies in German. The underlying process of measuring writing competencies is investigated regarding three selected aspects of validity. The first study addresses the question, whether writing competence as well as the writing competence dimensions, i.e. contentual, stylistic and orthographic-grammatic writing competencies are discourse mode dependent or independent constructs. Additionally the internal structure of writing competence is investigated. Analyses, predominantly based on comparison of IRT-models, reveal that general writing competencies as well as the contentual and stylistic dimensions are discourse-mode-specific constructs, whereas the orthographic-grammatic writing competence is discourse mode independent. The second study raises the question to what extent, due to the fact that the writing task instructions are given textually, reading competencies are included when measuring writing. Therefore two-level moderator analyses are computed, modelling the correlation between reading and writing competence dependent on reading difficulty quantifying aspects. Statistically significant but practically hardly relevant effects obtain for two of these aspects: syntactic complexity of the instruction text and (in)frequency of the used words. The third study investigates whether the evaluation of contentual and stylistic writing competencies takes place regardless of orthographic and grammatic features of the underlying texts or whether halo effects occur. Further analyses examine possible rating shifts in dependence of error types, error amount, text length, text complexity and discourse type. The results reveal that stylistic, but not contentual rating shifts occur. These shifts are more pronounced in regard to syntactically more complex texts as well as higher error quantities and arise particularly under the presence of grammatical and syntactically relevant punctuation errors.

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / Wormholes sÃo estruturas exÃticas que podem ligar regiÃes longÃnquas do espaÃo e por isso sÃo bastante visados como objeto de pesquisa. Pode-se mostrar que buracos negros possuem modos de vibraÃÃo amortecidos, os chamados de modos quase-normais. Esses modos sÃo responsÃveis por irradiar as ondas gravitacionais para espaÃo. Isso se deve ao fato de pequenas perturbaÃÃes na mÃtrica poderem ser descritas pelas equaÃÃes de Einstein, em forma de equaÃÃes de onda. Esse comportamento à semelhante para wormholes, onde devemos encontrar um potencial de Regge-Wheeler associado a equaÃÃo de onda. Nosso objetivo nesse trabalho serà tentar ver se à possÃvel encontrarmos um potencial do tipo Regge-Wheeler para um wormhole, que se supÃem ser sustentado pela matÃria escura na regiÃo dos halos galÃcticos. E por consequÃncia, verificarmos se à possÃvel determinar modos quase-normais usando o mÃtodo WKB, para esse wormhole em particular. / Wormholes are exotic structures that can connect distant regions of space and therefore are highly targeted as a research object. It can be shown that black holes have damped vibration modes, The so-called quasi-normal modes. These modes are responsible for radiating gravitational waves to space. This is due to the fact that small disturbances in the metric can be described by Einsteinâs equations, in the form of wave equations. This behavior is similar for wormholes, where we must find a Regge-Wheeler potential associated with the wave equation. Our goal in this work will be to see if it is possible to find Regge-Wheeler potential for a wormhole, Which are supposed to be sustained by dark matter in the region of galactic halos. And consequently, Verify if it is possible to determine quasi-normal modes using the WKB method, for that particular wormhole.

OLIVEIRA, R. dos. Wormhole do halo central da galáxia e modos quase-normais. 2017. 79 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Física) – Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2017. / Submitted by Giordana Silva (giordana.nascimento@gmail.com) on 2017-04-12T22:32:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_roliveira.pdf: 2016508 bytes, checksum: b13e51c1946445379ebd0aa6da75f18b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Giordana Silva (giordana.nascimento@gmail.com) on 2017-04-12T22:32:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_roliveira.pdf: 2016508 bytes, checksum: b13e51c1946445379ebd0aa6da75f18b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-12T22:32:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_roliveira.pdf: 2016508 bytes, checksum: b13e51c1946445379ebd0aa6da75f18b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / Wormholes are exotic structures that can connect distant regions of space and therefore are highly targeted as a research object. It can be shown that black holes have damped vibration modes, The so-called quasi-normal modes. These modes are responsible for radiating gravitational waves to space. This is due to the fact that small disturbances in the metric can be described by Einstein’s equations, in the form of wave equations. This behavior is similar for wormholes, where we must find a Regge-Wheeler potential associated with the wave equation. Our goal in this work will be to see if it is possible to find Regge-Wheeler potential for a wormhole, Which are supposed to be sustained by dark matter in the region of galactic halos. And consequently, Verify if it is possible to determine quasi-normal modes using the WKB method, for that particular wormhole. / Wormholes são estruturas exóticas que podem ligar regiões longínquas do espaço e por isso são bastante visados como objeto de pesquisa. Pode-se mostrar que buracos negros possuem modos de vibração amortecidos, os chamados de modos quase-normais. Esses modos são responsáveis por irradiar as ondas gravitacionais para espaço. Isso se deve ao fato de pequenas perturbações na métrica poderem ser descritas pelas equações de Einstein, em forma de equações de onda. Esse comportamento é semelhante para wormholes, onde devemos encontrar um potencial de Regge-Wheeler associado a equação de onda. Nosso objetivo nesse trabalho será tentar ver se é possível encontrarmos um potencial do tipo Regge-Wheeler para um wormhole, que se supõem ser sustentado pela matéria escura na região dos halos galácticos. E por consequência, verificarmos se é possível determinar modos quase-normais usando o método WKB, para esse wormhole em particular.