Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-01-10T11:26:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Nívea Eliane Farah.pdf: 13735421 bytes, checksum: 5e1058e9b92e98ab398b3b907e6559af (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-10T11:26:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nívea Eliane Farah.pdf: 13735421 bytes, checksum: 5e1058e9b92e98ab398b3b907e6559af (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-08 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The theme of this thesis is the Text Production and it was bounded on the essays proposed by ENEM and its relation in the development of the writing competence in Portuguese classes in the 3rd. year of high school. Survey questions that guided the study are: 1) when teachers work text production, just focusing on the writing competence for ENEM, do they meet the students´ communicative interaction needs? 2) Does the focus on ENEM essays really develop the communicative competence that the Linguistic Education proposes for the teaching of the Portuguese Language? 3) What are the methodological strategies that can be adopted when teaching text production, so that the student is able to use it in different communicative situations throughout his life in society and can go beyond ENEM? The general objective is to develop a study on the writing competence to serve as a contribution to the practice of high school Portuguese language teachers aiming at a better quality of students´ text production in different social activities. The specific objectives are: 1) check if it is possible to develop the students´ communicative competence in relation to the writing skills with the proposals of ENEM used by the teacher in the classroom as a teaching resource; 2) identify theoretical studies to reflect on the possibility of making the writing production more meaningful ; 3) propose, from these data, ways that can assist teachers in the development of communicative competence that Linguistic Education proposes for the teaching of the Portuguese Language and for the formation of a producer of relevant texts. This work is justified due to many teachers guide their classes only in training the students to ENEM writing. The corpus is made up of the analysis of the proposals of the new ENEM Writing and Teaching Materials. Theoretically, the work is based on social cognitive-interactional theories and theoretical assumptions of Linguistic Education. The results show that it is not productive guide the curriculum only in preparation for the ENEM, it is necessary to think of textual production in real contexts / O tema desta Dissertação é a Produção Textual e foi delimitado às provas de redação propostas pelo ENEM e sua relação no desenvolvimento da competência escritora nas aulas de Língua Portuguesa na 3ª. série do Ensino Médio. As perguntas de pesquisa que orientaram o estudo são: 1) Os professores, ao trabalharem a produção textual, focando apenas a competência escritora para o ENEM, estão atendendo às necessidades de interação comunicativa dos estudantes? 2) Essa atitude de focar a Redação do ENEM leva a desenvolver a competência comunicativa que a Educação Linguística propõe para o Ensino da Língua Portuguesa? 3) Quais as estratégias metodológicas que podem ser adotadas, em termos de ensino da produção textual, para que o estudante seja capaz de utilizá-la em diferentes situações comunicativas ao longo de sua vida em sociedade e consiga ir além do ENEM? O objetivo geral é desenvolver um estudo sobre a competência escritora que sirva de contribuição para a prática dos docentes de Língua Portuguesa do Ensino Médio com vistas à qualidade de produção de textos dos discentes em diferentes atividades sociais. Os objetivos específicos são: 1) verificar se há como desenvolver a competência comunicativa dos estudantes em relação às habilidades de escrita com as propostas do ENEM, utilizadas pelo professor em sala de aula como recurso didático; 2) identificar estudos teóricos que reflitam sobre a possibilidade de tornar mais significativa a produção escrita; 3) sugerir, a partir desses dados, caminhos que possam auxiliar os professores no desenvolvimento da competência comunicativa que a Educação Linguística propõe para o Ensino da Língua Portuguesa e para a formação de um produtor de textos competente. Este trabalho se justifica em função de muitos professores pautarem as aulas apenas num treino para a redação do ENEM. O corpus constitui-se das análises das Propostas de Redação do novo ENEM e dos Materiais Didáticos. Teoricamente, o trabalho fundamenta-se em Teorias Sociocognitivo-interacionais e nos pressupostos teóricos da Educação Linguística. Os resultados obtidos mostram que não é produtivo pautar o currículo apenas numa preparação para o ENEM, é necessário pensar na produção textual em contextos reais

The aim of the dissertation is to demonstrate and explain the place and function writing has in all subjects in two vocational classes in a Swedish upper secondary school. The material has been collected through ethnographic field studies in construction and health care classes over one school year. The material consists of literacy events, where pupils write, and the context of situation and text are noted. In theoretical terms the study takes a discourse analysis perspective, where writing is seen from within different frames. Writing is analysed based on an ideological view of literacy inspired by New Literacy Studies using the context of situation and text with the aim of describing different literacy practices in both classes. The material was classified into three different situation types, two school-initiated and one non-school-initiated. The first school-initiated situation type is orally-governed, the second writing-governed, while it is less clear how the non-school-initiated type is inspired. In the writing situations we investigate the writing activities that are used, while texts are analysed based on text acitivites. Writing and text activities are used together to explain the writing competences that are used in the writing situations. The conclusions are that writing gets little space and attention in both classes. The health care class writes in more situations and also writes longer texts than the construction class. Literacy practices differ between the classes. The health care class demonstrates one school-governed writing practice, while the construction class moves between two different school-governed practices. The literacy practices in the construction class are similar to the writing usage that can be found at a building site. Writing is used in both classes mainly to structure and store knowledge. The non-school-governed material also shows differences between the classes. Here too more writing takes place in the health care class. The function of the non-school-governed writing is to communicate and inform through writing.

This essay analyzes the written narrative competence of some pupils in the sixth year of Swedish primary school. Using an assessment tool rooted in the genre pedagogy that stems from systemic functionals linguistics view on language, the author provides a situated picture of the current narrative competence of the previously mentioned pupils through a genre pedagogic perspective. Through a qualitative text analysis, the study focuses on the genre pedagogic register in which field, tenor and mode are examined in each pupil’s written work. Furthermore, by combining the qualitative text analysis with a comparative method the study compares the pupils written narrative competence to a model text that fulfill all requirement for the highest possible grade in the Swedish school system.The conclusions of the study found that the included texts spans from a higher to a lower quality. Some showcased a wide range of lexical resources in creating the narrative register while others hardly use any lexical resources at all. The most eye-opening conclusion does not stem from the qualitative analysis, but rather from the lapse of potential texts due to the pupil’s ineptitude in writing stories that contains a complication as well as a resolution. Considering these findings, the author of the essay argues that there is a more fundamental flaw in the genre specific structure of a narrative text.Considering the findings associated with this essay a study that examines a wider range of pupils is proposed. This in order to determine if the fundamental flaws in genre specific structure and language that the pupils in this study showcase is just a local phenomenon of if it is a more common flaw in the sixth year of the Swedish primary school.

Liebe Lehrende, Betreuer:innen und Tutor:innen, sei es in Form von Seminar-, Beleg- und Forschungsarbeiten oder einer großen Abschlussarbeit zum Ende des Studiums: „Wissenschaftliches Schreiben entscheidet wesentlich über Studienerfolg und wissenschaftliche Karriere“ (Kruse 2007, S. 9). Ob Studierende Schreibkompetenzen entwickeln oder nicht, hat über eine Note im Seminar hinaus nachhaltige Auswirkungen auf ihre Zukunft. Dies verweist geradewegs auf die hohe Relevanz der Schreibdidaktik an der Hochschule. In diesem Bereich hat sich in den letzten Jahrzehnten viel getan. Von deutschen Unis als „Wüsten der Schreiblehre“ (Wolfsberger S. 13) spricht heute keiner mehr. Neben einer Fülle an Literatur zum universitären Schreiben gibt es inzwischen an vielen Hochschulen Schreibzentren und in manchen Studiengängen wurden eigene Seminare zum wissenschaftlichen Schreiben etabliert. Gut so. Und doch: In einer Welt, in der Lehrsituationen perfekt auf das akademische Schreiben ausgerichtet sind, wäre unsere Broschüre vielleicht gar nicht nötig. Von diesem Zustand ist die deutsche Hochschullandschaft leider noch weit entfernt. Natürlich ist uns am Schreibzentrum der TUD bewusst, welche Herausforderung darin besteht, für eine schreibförderliche Lehre zu sorgen, während diese in Curricula nicht unbedingt vorgesehen ist. Gleichzeitig nehmen wir die Überforderung von Studierenden wahr, die vor ihren großen schriftlichen Arbeiten stehen, und bisher wenig Möglichkeit hatten, ihre Schreibkompetenzen auszubilden. In insgesamt fünf Modulen möchten wir daher mit Ihnen aus verschiedenen Perspektiven auf das studentische Schreiben an der Hochschule blicken und Ihre Rolle als Lehrperson darin in den Fokus setzen. Wir beginnen mit der Durchleuchtung wissenschaftlicher Schreibprozesse (Modul 1). Darauf folgt die (gute) Betreuung von Schreibaufgaben, etwa die effektive Kommunikation von Schreibaufträgen oder die Besonderheiten, die in der Betreuung langfristiger Schreibaufgaben bestehen (Modul 2). In den beiden folgenden Modulen gehen wir auf fachgebundene Spezifika der Schreibdidaktik (Modul 3) bzw. die Zielgruppe der internationalen Studierenden (Modul 4) ein. Abschließend fokussieren wir die Frage, wie sich die Ausbildung von Schreibkompetenzen der Studiereden konkret im Semesterverlauf unterstützen lässt (Modul 5). Die Broschüre bietet Ihnen die Möglichkeit, Ihre bisherige Vorgehensweise in der Lehre zu reflektieren, um diese schreibförderlicher zu gestalten. Wichtig war uns dabei ein starker Praxisbezug, weshalb Sie zu jedem der Themen konkrete Methoden oder Checklisten mit didaktischer Rahmung und Anleitung finden. Darüber hinaus haben wir viele nützliche Übungen zusammengestellt, die Sie an Ihre Studierenden weitergeben können, sowie Materialien, die speziell für Ihre Rolle als Begleiter:in studentischer Schreibprozesse gedacht sind. Best-Practice-Beispiele von Lehrenden runden die Broschüre mit authentischen Einblicken in unterschiedliche schreibdidaktische Herangehensweisen ab. Die Starthilfe Schreibdidaktik gibt es als Print- und Digitalversion auf der Website des Schreibzentrums.:1 Wissenschaftliches Schreiben und was sich dahinter verbirgt 9 Der Weg zur Kompetenzentwicklung 10 Über die Vielseitigkeit wissenschaftlicher Texte 15 Erwartungen und Anforderungen an studentische Schreibprojekte 20 Wie Schreibprozessmodelle bei der Betreuung von Schreibaufgaben helfen 23 Zum Einsatz von KI im Schreibprozess 28 Zeitplanung für Lehrende 33 2 Gute Betreuung von Schreibaufgaben und was dafür wichtig ist 42 Prüfungsleistungen konkrete Schreibaufgaben zuordnen 43 Bewertungsprozesse und Bewertungskriterien erarbeiten 45 Anleitung zum Erstellen eines Leitfadens für Studierende 58 Checkliste für Konsultationsgespräche und den Betreuungsprozess 61 Feedback geben und geben lassen 66 Wenn es mal nicht so läuft, wie geplant: Kollegiale Fallberatung 75 3 Fachspezifische Schreibdidaktik und wie sie Studierenden langfristig nützt 79 Anforderungen an spezifische Textsorten kommunizieren 81 Berufsbezogenes Schreiben 91 MINT-Studierende beim Schreiben anleiten 97 4 Internationale Studierende und wie man Missverständnissen vorbeugt 99 Die eigene Wissenschaftskultur reflektieren 100 Die eigene Kommunikationskultur reflektieren 103 Internationale Studierende anleiten – ein Leitfaden 106  5 Fragen Studierender im Schreibprozess und wie man darauf antwortet 111 Im Semester Schreibkompetenzen vermitteln 112 Nützliche Methoden für oft gestellte Fragen 119 Methodenanhang 123 Bibliografie 173 Weitere Anlaufstellen 179

Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T18:49:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao.pdf: 1392246 bytes, checksum: 41d615b85879f64a0d95de1db3a6d9bd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-13 / According to the Educational Report about the Educational Achievement Evaluation System of São Paulo (SARESP) 2007, a total of 23.8% of students in State Schools finished the fourth grade of elementary school by presenting a level below basic on the writing test. Understanding the essay in order to develop the text on the requested subject within the indicated genus, demonstrating mastery in the use of cohesive features, writing the text according to standard grammar are examples of some difficulties presented by the student at writing in his/her first language. Considering these data and with students essays for analysis, the overall goal of this research was to investigate the relationship among three aspects which might affect the process of individual writing competence formation: the effect-school, family participation and educational tutoring. The specific objectives were to observe the effect that the school has on students over a school term regarding to text production, to establish relations between the writing competence and family participation, to provide an intensive follow-up action with the group researched and analyze the results. This study was conducted with a group of eighteen students from the 6th / 7th grades of elementary education at a state school in the city of Assis / SP, throughout 2009 and 2010. We worked with a focus on qualitative research using case study as research category. The research involved the following procedures: analysis of the students writing according to SARESP correction criteria; questionnaires for students and parents, interviews with students and educational coordinator; observation of school records, educational tutoring activity; data analysis and interpretation. The main results indicated that, when comparing the performance shown by students in their texts in early 2009 and early 2010, there was a trend to maintain the performance, although it was reported that four students scored advances; they have also shown that parents participate in their children s school life through attendance at parent-teacher meetings, through the talking with teachers and dialogues at home about the studies, and that, although in practice, such participation is strongly affected and limited by the family cultural, economic and social capital, there is a positive relationship between parental involvement and their children s academic performance. The results have also shown the beneficial effect of the educational process of tutoring over the students academic achievement. Thus, it was concluded that the students performance is not only the result of the school effect, but the result of a combination of factors, among which the parents participation, highlighting that a tutoring program can minimize the impact of the absence of family school support. / De acordo com o Relatório Pedagógico do Sistema de Avaliação do Rendimento Escolar do Estado de São Paulo (SARESP) 2007, um total de 23,8% dos estudantes da Rede Estadual de Ensino terminou a quarta série do ciclo I do ensino fundamental apresentando um nível abaixo do básico na prova de redação. Compreender a proposta de redação de modo a desenvolver o texto sobre o tema solicitado dentro do gênero indicado, demonstrar domínio na utilização dos recursos coesivos, registrar o texto de acordo com a norma gramatical são exemplos de algumas das dificuldades apresentadas pelo aluno ao escrever em sua língua materna. Considerando esses dados e tendo redações de alunos como material de análise, o objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi o de investigar como o efeito-escola, a participação familiar e a tutoria educacional afetaram o processo de construção da competência escritora dos estudantes. Os objetivos específicos foram: observar o efeito que a escola exerceu sobre os alunos ao longo de um período letivo no que se refere à produção textual; estabelecer relações entre a competência escritora dos educandos e a participação de sua família em seus estudos; proporcionar uma ação de acompanhamento intensivo com o grupo pesquisado e analisar os resultados. Este estudo foi realizado com um grupo de dezoito alunos dos 6º/7º anos do ensino fundamental de uma escola estadual localizada no município de Assis/SP, ao longo de 2009 e 2010. Trabalhou-se sob o enfoque da pesquisa qualitativa, utilizando o estudo de caso como categoria de pesquisa. A investigação envolveu os seguintes procedimentos: análise de textos dos educandos de acordo com critérios de correção do SARESP; aplicação de questionários com alunos e pais; realização de entrevistas com estudantes e coordenadora pedagógica; observação de registros da escola; atividade de tutoria educacional; análise e interpretação dos dados. Os principais resultados da pesquisa indicaram que, na comparação entre o desempenho apresentado pelos educandos em suas redações no início de 2009 e no início de 2010, houve uma tendência à manutenção do rendimento, embora tenha se verificado que quatro alunos obtiveram avanços; demonstraram também que os pais participam da vida escolar dos filhos por meio da frequência à Reunião de Pais e Mestres, da conversa com os professores e do diálogo em casa sobre os estudos e que, ainda que na prática essa participação seja fortemente afetada e limitada pelo capital social, econômico e cultural da família, existe uma relação positiva entre o envolvimento dos pais e o desempenho acadêmico dos filhos; apontaram ainda para o efeito benéfico do processo de tutoria educacional sobre o rendimento dos estudantes. Assim, concluiu-se que o aproveitamento dos educandos não é fruto apenas do efeito da escola, mas resultado de uma conjunção de fatores, dos quais se destaca a participação dos pais e/ou responsáveis, ressaltando que um programa de tutoria pode minimizar o impacto da ausência de acompanhamento escolar por parte da família.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:54:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao.pdf: 1392246 bytes, checksum: 41d615b85879f64a0d95de1db3a6d9bd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-13 / According to the Educational Report about the Educational Achievement Evaluation System of São Paulo (SARESP) 2007, a total of 23.8% of students in State Schools finished the fourth grade of elementary school by presenting a level below basic on the writing test. Understanding the essay in order to develop the text on the requested subject within the indicated genus, demonstrating mastery in the use of cohesive features, writing the text according to standard grammar are examples of some difficulties presented by the student at writing in his/her first language. Considering these data and with students essays for analysis, the overall goal of this research was to investigate the relationship among three aspects which might affect the process of individual writing competence formation: the effect-school, family participation and educational tutoring. The specific objectives were to observe the effect that the school has on students over a school term regarding to text production, to establish relations between the writing competence and family participation, to provide an intensive follow-up action with the group researched and analyze the results. This study was conducted with a group of eighteen students from the 6th / 7th grades of elementary education at a state school in the city of Assis / SP, throughout 2009 and 2010. We worked with a focus on qualitative research using case study as research category. The research involved the following procedures: analysis of the students writing according to SARESP correction criteria; questionnaires for students and parents, interviews with students and educational coordinator; observation of school records, educational tutoring activity; data analysis and interpretation. The main results indicated that, when comparing the performance shown by students in their texts in early 2009 and early 2010, there was a trend to maintain the performance, although it was reported that four students scored advances; they have also shown that parents participate in their children s school life through attendance at parent-teacher meetings, through the talking with teachers and dialogues at home about the studies, and that, although in practice, such participation is strongly affected and limited by the family cultural, economic and social capital, there is a positive relationship between parental involvement and their children s academic performance. The results have also shown the beneficial effect of the educational process of tutoring over the students academic achievement. Thus, it was concluded that the students performance is not only the result of the school effect, but the result of a combination of factors, among which the parents participation, highlighting that a tutoring program can minimize the impact of the absence of family school support. / De acordo com o Relatório Pedagógico do Sistema de Avaliação do Rendimento Escolar do Estado de São Paulo (SARESP) 2007, um total de 23,8% dos estudantes da Rede Estadual de Ensino terminou a quarta série do ciclo I do ensino fundamental apresentando um nível abaixo do básico na prova de redação. Compreender a proposta de redação de modo a desenvolver o texto sobre o tema solicitado dentro do gênero indicado, demonstrar domínio na utilização dos recursos coesivos, registrar o texto de acordo com a norma gramatical são exemplos de algumas das dificuldades apresentadas pelo aluno ao escrever em sua língua materna. Considerando esses dados e tendo redações de alunos como material de análise, o objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi o de investigar como o efeito-escola, a participação familiar e a tutoria educacional afetaram o processo de construção da competência escritora dos estudantes. Os objetivos específicos foram: observar o efeito que a escola exerceu sobre os alunos ao longo de um período letivo no que se refere à produção textual; estabelecer relações entre a competência escritora dos educandos e a participação de sua família em seus estudos; proporcionar uma ação de acompanhamento intensivo com o grupo pesquisado e analisar os resultados. Este estudo foi realizado com um grupo de dezoito alunos dos 6º/7º anos do ensino fundamental de uma escola estadual localizada no município de Assis/SP, ao longo de 2009 e 2010. Trabalhou-se sob o enfoque da pesquisa qualitativa, utilizando o estudo de caso como categoria de pesquisa. A investigação envolveu os seguintes procedimentos: análise de textos dos educandos de acordo com critérios de correção do SARESP; aplicação de questionários com alunos e pais; realização de entrevistas com estudantes e coordenadora pedagógica; observação de registros da escola; atividade de tutoria educacional; análise e interpretação dos dados. Os principais resultados da pesquisa indicaram que, na comparação entre o desempenho apresentado pelos educandos em suas redações no início de 2009 e no início de 2010, houve uma tendência à manutenção do rendimento, embora tenha se verificado que quatro alunos obtiveram avanços; demonstraram também que os pais participam da vida escolar dos filhos por meio da frequência à Reunião de Pais e Mestres, da conversa com os professores e do diálogo em casa sobre os estudos e que, ainda que na prática essa participação seja fortemente afetada e limitada pelo capital social, econômico e cultural da família, existe uma relação positiva entre o envolvimento dos pais e o desempenho acadêmico dos filhos; apontaram ainda para o efeito benéfico do processo de tutoria educacional sobre o rendimento dos estudantes. Assim, concluiu-se que o aproveitamento dos educandos não é fruto apenas do efeito da escola, mas resultado de uma conjunção de fatores, dos quais se destaca a participação dos pais e/ou responsáveis, ressaltando que um programa de tutoria pode minimizar o impacto da ausência de acompanhamento escolar por parte da família.

Die Arbeit stellt eine nationale Bildungsstudie zur Erfassung von Schreibkompetenzen vor und untersucht das angewandte Verfahren auf drei ausgewählte Validitätsaspekte. In Studie I wird geprüft, ob es sich bei Schreibkompetenz sowie den Schreibkompetenzdimensionen Inhalt, Stil und sprachliche Richtigkeit um textmusterunabhängige oder textmusterspezifische Konstrukte handelt. Darüber hinaus wird die interne Struktur von Schreibkompetenz betrachtet. Die vorwiegend auf Modellvergleichen basierenden Analysen zeigen, dass es sich bei allgemeinen Schreibkompetenzen sowie bei inhaltlichen und stilistischen Schreibkompetenzen um textmusterspezifische Konstrukte handelt, bei der orthografisch-grammatischen Schreibkompetenz hingegen um ein textmusterunabhängiges Konstrukt. Für alle Textmuster zeigt sich eine zweidimensionale Struktur. In Studie II wird untersucht, inwiefern Lesefähigkeiten bei der Messung von Schreibkompetenzen aufgrund der textuellen Präsentation der Aufgabeninstruktion miterfasst werden. Der Einfluss der Lesekompetenz wird dabei als Zusammenhangsstärke zwischen Lese- und Schreibkompetenz in Abhängigkeit von leseschwierigkeitsquantifizierenden Merkmale via Mehrebenen¬moderatoranalysen geprüft. Es zeigen sich statistisch bedeutsame, aber praktisch kaum relevante Effekte für zwei der Merkmale: syntaktische Komplexität und Seltenheit der Wörter. In Studie III wird untersucht, ob eine von der sprachlichen Richtigkeit unabhängige Beurteilung inhaltlicher und stilistischer Schreibkompetenzen erfolgt oder ob Halo-Effekte zutage treten. In Anschlussanalysen wird geprüft, ob diese Halo-Effekte von Art und Anzahl der Fehler, Textlänge, Textkomplexität und Textmuster abhängen. Es zeigen sich keine Urteilsverzerrungen bei der inhaltlichen, jedoch bei der stilistischen Bewertung. Diese Verzerrungen sind größer bei syntaktisch komplexeren Texten und bei höherer Fehleranzahl, vor allem unter Vorliegen grammatischer Fehler und syntaktisch relevanter Zeichensetzungsfehler. / The dissertation presents a national educational study assessing writing competencies in German. The underlying process of measuring writing competencies is investigated regarding three selected aspects of validity. The first study addresses the question, whether writing competence as well as the writing competence dimensions, i.e. contentual, stylistic and orthographic-grammatic writing competencies are discourse mode dependent or independent constructs. Additionally the internal structure of writing competence is investigated. Analyses, predominantly based on comparison of IRT-models, reveal that general writing competencies as well as the contentual and stylistic dimensions are discourse-mode-specific constructs, whereas the orthographic-grammatic writing competence is discourse mode independent. The second study raises the question to what extent, due to the fact that the writing task instructions are given textually, reading competencies are included when measuring writing. Therefore two-level moderator analyses are computed, modelling the correlation between reading and writing competence dependent on reading difficulty quantifying aspects. Statistically significant but practically hardly relevant effects obtain for two of these aspects: syntactic complexity of the instruction text and (in)frequency of the used words. The third study investigates whether the evaluation of contentual and stylistic writing competencies takes place regardless of orthographic and grammatic features of the underlying texts or whether halo effects occur. Further analyses examine possible rating shifts in dependence of error types, error amount, text length, text complexity and discourse type. The results reveal that stylistic, but not contentual rating shifts occur. These shifts are more pronounced in regard to syntactically more complex texts as well as higher error quantities and arise particularly under the presence of grammatical and syntactically relevant punctuation errors.