Introdução: A hemodiálise é um procedimento invasivo, para pacientes em falência renal onde se realiza a filtração do sangue continuamente, utilizando-se circulação extracorpórea em um filtro hemodialisador. No Brasil, a prática do reuso de hemodialisadores atinge quase 100% nos serviços de diálise. Uma das justificativas para o reuso são os limitados recursos para a assistência à saúde. No entanto, esta prática, causa questionamentos relacionados à segurança. Erros técnicos no reprocessamento, qualidade da água e alteração da integridade da membrana do hemodiliasador podem afetar a qualidade do processamento expondo os pacientes ao risco de bacteriemia e sepse. Objetivo: Avaliar a contaminação microbiana dos hemodialisadores após o número máximo de reusos permitidos, comparando os resultados conforme tipo de processamento: manual e automatizado. Método: Esta pesquisa caracterizou-se como estudo de campo, transversal, de caráter exploratório comparativo em dois serviços de diálise. A composição da amostra foi por conveniência conforme a disponibilidade destas, pelas instituições doadoras, sendo os grupos experimentais compostos por 11 hemodialisadores processados pelo método automatizado e quatro hemodialisadores processados manualmente. As amostras foram coletadas após o processamento obedecendo ao número máximo de reusos permitidos pela RDC ANVISA nº 11/2014, sendo 12 reusos para processamento manual e 20 reusos para processamento automatizado. Em Cabine de Proteção Biológica a solução salina e dialisadora foram drenadas dos compartimentos de sangue e dialisato, respectivamente, e injetados 150 mL de meio de cultura Tioglicolato de Sódio Fluido em cada compartimento. As amostras foram incubadas em estufa microbiológica por 14 dias, a temperatura de 35 ºC ±2ºC. Após esse período alíquotas do meio de cultura foram semeadas em meios de ágar sangue, anaerinsol e sabouraud, capazes de recuperar a maioria dos microrganismos aeróbios, anaeróbios, bolores e leveduras. As placas foram incubadas por 48 horas a 35 ºC ±2ºC, e procedida a identificação de gênero dos micorganismos. Realizados controles positivos com hemodialisadores contaminados intencionalmente e controles negativos, com novos esterilizados. Resultados: Das amostras submetidas ao processamento automatizado três amostras (3/11-27,3%) apresentaram crescimento microbiano no compartimento de sangue, sendo identificados dois diferentes microrganismos: de Sphingomonas paucimobilis (66,67%) e de Penicillium sp. (33,33%). Todas as amostras 11/11 (100%) apresentaram crescimento microbiano no compartimento de dialisato, sendo identificados 5 diferentes microrganismos: Sphingomonas paucimobilis (43,75%), Strenotrophomonas maltophilia (25%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18,75%), Acinectobacter baumannii (6,25%) e Candida sp (6,25%). Dos quatro hemodialisadores submetidos ao processamento manual, uma amostra (25%) apresentou crescimento de bacilo Gram-positivo no compartimento de sangue e uma amostra (25%) apresentou crescimento no compartimento do dialisato contaminados por três microrganismos distintos: de Bacillus sp, Rhizobium radiobacter, Burkholderia sp. Comparando os resultados da contaminação microbiana segundo os dois métodos de processamento analisados não houve diferença estatisticamente significante (p=1) para o compartimento de sangue. Para o compartimento do dialisato o método automatizado apresentou maior número amostras positivas em relação ao manual (p=0,008791). Conclusão: Os resultados demonstraram que o reuso dos hemodialisadores não é uma prática recomendada, podendo causar bacteriemia e sepse em pacientes em tratamento hemodialítico. Ressalta-se que a pesquisa foi conduzida no pior cenário após o número máximo de reusos permitidos sem determinar em qual número de reusos a contaminação aconteceu. / Introduction: Hemodialysis is an invasive procedure for patients with kidney failure in which blood is continuously filtered using a dialyzer filter through extracorporeal blood flow. In Brazil dialyzers are nearly 100% reused in dialysis facilities. One of the main justifications to reuse dialyzers is economical. However, this practice often leads to concerns related to patient safety. Technical errors in reprocessing, water quality and the membrane dialyzer degradation may lead to different risks including bacteremia and sepsis. Objective: To evaluate dialyzers regarding microbiological contamination after maximal number of reuses, comparing results in accordance with the type of reprocessing: manual and automated. Method: This research was characterized as a transversal, exploratory and comparative in two dialysis facilities. The sample was composed as convenience according to the availability of the facilities which donated the samples. The experimental groups were composed of 11 automated reprocessed dialyzers and four manually reprocessed dialyzers. The samples were collected after reprocessing in dialysis facilities according to the maximal number of reuses permited by law (12 in manual reprocessing and 20 in automated reprocessing) and prepared in Biosafety Cabinets. Saline Solution and dialysate solution were drained from both the blood and the dialysate chambers, respectively, by applying suction and filled with 150 mL of culture medium sodium thioglicolato fluid in each chamber and they were incubated at a temperature of 35 º C + or -2 ° C for 14 days. After this period, the samples were cultured in medium adequate for the growth of aerobic and anaerobic organisms as well as fungi and yeasts.The samples were incubated for 48 hours at 35 º C + or -2 ° C and identification of microorganisms was carried. Results: The analyzed samples which were automated reprocessed, 3/11(27.3%) showed microbiological growth in the blood chamber, of this total, we identified two different microorganisms: S.paucimobilis (66,67%) and Penicillium sp. (33,33%). In the dialysate chamber 11/11 (100%) of microbiological growth was identified, of this total we identified five different microorganisms: S.paucimobilis (43,75%) , S. maltophilia (25%) , P. aeruginosa (18,75%) , A. baumannii (6,25%) and Candida sp. (6,25%). The four analyzed samples which were manually reprocessed, 1/4(25%) showed microbiological growth in the blood chamber. One sample with Gram-positive Bacillus was identified in the dialysate chamber and contaminated by Bacillus sp, R. Radiobacter and Burkholderia sp. Comparing the results related to microbiological growth according to the two methods in the blood chamber, we concluded that there was no statistically significant difference (p=1) and in the dialysate chamber, there was a higher number of positive samples among those which were automated reprocessed compared to manually reprocessed (p = 0.008791) Conclusion: The results showed that dialyzers reuse is not a recommended practice and may cause bacteremia and sepsis for patients with chronical kidney disease. We highlight that this study was carried out considering the worst case scenario ,i.e. after the maximal number of reuses permitted by law, without specifying in which number of reuses the contamination occurred.

Trata-se de um estudo quase-experimental que teve como propósito avaliar o efeito da música como terapia complementar sobre variáveis de expressão do estresse em pacientes renais crônicos, durante o tratamento hemodialítico. Como objetivos específicos o estudo buscou comparar as variáveis fisiológicas (cortisol salivar, frequência cardíaca, pressão arterial, frequência respiratória e temperatura cutânea) e escores de ansiedade mensurados pela forma estado do Inventário de Ansiedade Traço - Estado (IDATE), em dois momentos (dia 1: observação da linha de base; dia 2: observação antes e após intervenção). Outros objetivos complementares foram: a avaliação de presença de ritmo circadiano do cortisol, a correspondência entre o cortisol salivar e plasmático e a avaliação da aceitação da intervenção. A variável de manipulação foi a audição da seleção musical de preferência dos sujeitos por 30 minutos. O estudo foi realizado em dois momentos distintos: no primeiro houve a determinação do perfil das variáveis de interesse em um procedimento padrão de hemodiálise, sem intervenção; no segundo momento foi observado o efeito de uma intervenção musical no perfil das variáveis de interesse, em um procedimento padrão de hemodiálise. Participaram do estudo 55 pessoas, 52,7% do sexo masculino, com idade média de 49,6 anos (DP=15,7 anos), com média de tempo de tratamento de 47,9 meses (DP= 47,5 meses), a maioria em primeiro tratamento de substituição renal (83,6%). Não houve diferença entre as médias de concentração do cortisol salivar dos sujeitos do estudo nos dois momentos (dias 1 e 2) e nas duas fases do dia de intervenção (antes e após intervenção), nos três turnos de HD. O primeiro e segundo turnos de HD apresentaram curva gráfica do cortisol com subida acentuada ao final da hemodiálise, enquanto no terceiro turno a curva apresentou-se em discreto declínio do início até o término da sessão de HD. Apesar de a maioria dos sujeitos ter apresentado baixo nível de ansiedade, em todas as fases do estudo, verificou-se diferença significativa (p<0,001) entre as médias de ansiedade nas fases pré e pós intervenção. Não se observou diferença estatística para as variáveis frequência cardíaca, frequência respiratória, temperatura e pressão arterial sistólica entre os momentos pré e pós intervenção. A pressão arterial diastólica apresentou diferença entre as médias dos momentos pré e pós intervenção (p=0,0006). Foi verificado presença de correlação entre o cortisol plasmático e o cortisol salivar (r = 0,722 e p < 0,0001), além disso, observou-se presença de ritmo circadiano do cortisol em 85,4% dos participantes do estudo. Os participantes mostraram boa aceitação da intervenção com música. Conclui-se que nas variáveis sinais vitais e cortisol não se observou diferença com a intervenção empregada, entretanto, pelos escores do IDATE, foi evidenciado um efeito redutor da ansiedade por meio da música, nos três turnos de HD, o que reforça o uso desta intervenção / The objective in this quasi-experimental study was to assess the effect of music as complementary therapy on stress expression variables in chronic renal patients during hemodialysis treatment. As specific objectives, the study aimed to compare the physiological variables (salivary cortisol, cardiac frequency, arterial pressure, respiratory frequency and cutaneous temperature) and anxiety scores measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) at two moments (day 1: observation of baseline; day 2: observation before and after the intervention). Other complementary objectives were: evaluation of the presence of circadian rhythm of cortisol, correspondence between salivary and plasmatic cortisol and assessment of the acceptance of the intervention. The manipulation variable was the hearing of the music selection the subjects preferred during 30 minutes. The study was undertaken at two distinct moments: first, the profile of the variables of interest was determined in a standard hemodialysis procedure, without intervention; second, the effect of a music intervention on the profile of the variables of interest was observed in a standard hemodialysis procedure. Fifty-five persons participated in the study, 52.7% male, with a mean age of 49.6 years (SD=15.7 years), with a mean length of treatment of 47.9 months (SD=47.5 months), mostly undergoing the first renal replacement treatment (83.6%). No difference was found between the mean concentration levels of the study subjects\' salivary cortisol at the two moments (days 1 and 2) and in the two phases of the intervention day (before and after the intervention), in the three HD shifts. The first and second HD shifts showed a graphic cortisol curve with a steep rise at the end of the hemodialysis while, in the third shift, the curve showed a slight decline from the start until the end of the HD session. Although most subjects showed low anxiety levels in all study phases, a significant difference was observed (p<0.001) between the mean anxiety levels in the pre and post-intervention phases. No statistical difference was observed for the variables: cardiac frequency, respiratory frequency, temperature and systolic blood pressure between pre and post-intervention. The diastolic blood pressure showed a difference between the mean levels at pre and post-intervention (p=0.0006). The presence of correlation between plasmatic and salivary cortisol was verified (r = 0.722 and p < 0.0001). In addition, the presence of a circadian rhythm of cortisol was observed in 85.4% of the study participants. The participants showed good acceptance of the music intervention. In conclusion, in the variables vital signs and cortisol, no difference was observed as a result of the intervention employed, but the STAI scores evidenced that music reduces anxiety, in the three HD shifts, which reinforces the use of this intervention

Onicomicose é uma infecção crônica das unhas provocadas por fungos. É a doença mais comum das unhas em todo o mundo e constitui cerca de metade de todas as alterações ungueais em indivíduos imunocompetentes e imunossuprimidos. Nos últimos anos, vários estudos tem demonstrado aumento na prevalência de onicomicose. Esse aumento pode ser atribuído a diversos fatores, incluindo o aumento da expectativa de vida, e propagação do vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV). Nesse sentido, o número de pacientes renais crônicos vem aumentando em todo mundo. No entanto, a literatura relata poucos estudos sobre a prevalência e as características das onicomicoses nestes pacientes. Diante disso, nossos objetivos foram determinar a prevalência, etiologia e perfil de suscetibilidade das onicomicoses provenientes de pododáctilos de pacientes dialíticos (DL), receptores de transplante renal (RTR) e pacientes grupo controle. Foram examinados 510 pacientes, sendo 336 provenientes da Unidade de Transplante Renal (149 DL e 187 RTR), e 174 pacientes do Ambulatório de Clínica Geral, sem histórico de doença associada à imunossupressão (Grupo controle). Os isolados foram identificados por testes fenotípicos e moleculares. O perfil de suscetibilidade foi realizado pelo método de microdiluição em caldo frente aos fármacos fluconazol, itraconazol, voriconazol e terbinafina. A prevalência de onicomicose foi de 23,4% nos pacientes DL e 23,0% nos RTR, significativamente maior que no grupo controle (13,2%). Nos pacientes DL, onicomicose foi associada com diabetes, mas não com o tempo de diálise e sexo. Nos pacientes RTR, onicomicose foi mais prevalente em homens, mas não houve associação com duração do transplante, diabetes e protocolo de tratamento imunossupressor. Trichophyton rubrum foi a agente mais prevalente (45,9%), seguido por T. mentagrophytes (24,5%) e Candida parapsilosis (18%). Todos antifúngicos foram eficazes frente aos isolados de dermatófitos, sendo terbinafina o mais eficiente. Os isolados de C. parapsilosis foram todos sensíveis aos quatro antifúngicos de acordo com os atuais \"end-points\". Nossos achados permitiram concluir que pacientes renais (DL e RTR) tem risco aumentado de desenvolver onicomicose. Nossos dados também revelaram que a etiologia e a suscetibilidade das espécies isoladas são comparáveis aos encontrados em outros grupos de pacientes não renais descritos na literatura. / Onychomycosis is a chronic fungal infection of the nail. It is the most common disorder of nails worldwide and constitutes about 50% of all nail changes of the immunosuppressed and healthy patients. In recent years, several reports have shown increased prevalence of onychomycosis. This increase can be attributed to several factors, including increased life expectancy, and to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemics. In this regard, the number of chronic renal patients is also increasing worldwide. However, the literature reports few studies on onychomycosis in these patients. Therefore, our objectives were to determine the prevalence, etiology and susceptibility profile of onychomycosis of the toenail of patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment (HD), kidney transplant recipients (KTR) and control patients. Were examined 510 patients, 336 attending the Renal Transplantation Unit (187 KTR e 149 HD) and 174 patients attending an internal medicine outpatient service with diseases other than renal disease (control group). The isolates were identified by phenotypic and molecular tests. Antifungal susceptibility tests were performed using a broth microdilution method against the antifungal drugs voriconazole, itraconazole, fluconazole and terbinafine. The prevalence of onychomycosis in HD patients (23.4%) and KTR (23.0%) was significantly higher than control group (13.2%). In HD patients, onychomycosis was associated with diabetes but not duration of dialysis and gender. In KTR, onychomycosis was more prevalent in males, but not associated with duration of transplantation, diabetes or immunosuppressive protocols. Trichophyton rubrum was the most prevalent species (45.9%) followed by T. mentagrophytes (24.5%) and Candida parapsilosis (18%). While all antifungals were efficient against the dermatophyte isolates, terbinafine was the most effective. All C. parapsilosis isolates were sensitive to the antifungals according to the current end-points. In conclusion, this study shows that HD patients and KTR are at high risk of contracting onychomycosis. Our data also show that the etiology and susceptibility of the species are comparable with those found in other groups of non-renal patients described in the literature.

Dialysis patients are operated to have AV Fistula which is a joint junction of an artery and vein in the arm, operated to increase the blood flow through the dialyzer machine. AV- fistula is a type of vascular access which is a path into the body to connect/disconnect devices, but in this case, it is mainly Dialyzer. To reduce the failure rate during maturation period of AV Fistula, doctors recommend squeezing ball exercise as a necessary precaution for AV Fistula failure. Doing Squeezable interaction for about 3-4 times a day is recommended based on patient’s health condition. Hence, the proposed architecture adopts this squeezable exercise by embedding with sensor and measuring the angle at which the sensor is bent. The framework also proposes a new care coordination system having the hardware layer which has key components such as raspberry Pi, sensor which help in recording the pressure values when user presses the ball and software layer which solely focuses on data sync among the applications used by the user. It has been recorded that 53 % of patients having AV-Fistula fail because of negligence and lack of care. The maturation period is so critical and important which made us to build a gamification platform to monitor the exercise and track the activity through android application to keep users motivated and disciplined. In further chapters of the study will focus on different clinical like procedure around AV-Fistula and technical information such as different technologies used and implemented in the proposed system along with sensor circuit. This project goal is to present a way of monitoring patients and to keep track of the compliance whether the patient is active doing exercise daily. This way we are trying to present a care monitoring system for patients to help prevent AV Fistula failure. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2019. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Data mining is emerging as an important tool in many areas of research and industry. Companies and organizations are increasingly interested in applying data mining tools in order to increase the value added by their data collections systems. Nowhere is this potential more important than in the healthcare industry. As medical records systems become more standardized and commonplace, data quantity increases with much of it going unanalyzed. Data mining can begin to leverage some of this data into tools that help clinicians organize data and make decisions. These modeling techniques are explored in the following text. Through the use of clustering and classification techniques, accurate models of a dialysis patient's current status are derived.

<p>Syftet med föreliggande empiriska studie var att undersöka och beskriva i vilken omfattning individer behandlade med hemodialys rapporterar symtom på depression. Författarna ville även redogöra för den utsträckning antidepressiva läkemedel ordinerats samt om det existerade några könsskillnader i depressionssymtom och i ordinerad antidepressiv behandling. Studien baserades på ett bekvämlighetsurval från 11 geografiskt spridda dialysenheter i Sverige. Urvalet bestod av 222 patienter som mötte inklusionskriterierna (behärska svenska språket tillräckligt bra för att förstå frågorna i enkäten, genomgått hemodialys behandling i minst 6 månader samt vara 18 år fyllda) varav 141 patienter fullföljde undersökningen. Dessa 141 deltagare fick fylla i den förkortade versionen av CES-D formuläret, ett självskattnings instrument där den egna mentala hälsan skattas. Resultatet visade att drygt en tredjedel av hemodialyspatienterna hade depressionssymtom och endast 12 patienter av 50 med depressionssymtom var ordinerade antidepressiv behandling. Emellertid visade inte föreliggande studie några signifikanta könsskillnader gällande depressionssymtom eller i ordinerad farmakologisk behandling. Författarna drar slutsatsen att depression är vanligt bland hemodialyspatienter. Därför är det viktigt att utbilda både vårdgivare och närstående för att de ska kunna se tecken på depressionssymtom i ett tidigt skede, eftersom rätt behandling kan öka dessa patienters livskvalitet och samtidigt vara kostnadsbesparande för sjukvården</p> / <p>The aim of the present empirical study was to investigate and describe in which extent individuals treated with hemodialysis reported symptoms of depression. The authors also wanted to describe in which extent antidepressant medicine was prescribed. Also if there existed any differences between males and females in depressive symptoms and if there was any divergence in treatment with anti depressive medicals. The study was based on a convenience sample from 11 geographical spread dialys units in Sweden. The sample consisted of 222 patients whom fulfilled the inclusion criterias (they had to have a good knowledge of the Swedish language so they could understand the questionnaire, at least six months of dialysis treatment experience and be at least 18 years old) of whom 141 carried out the study. These 141 participants filled out the short version of the CES-D form, a self report form where the mental health was estimated. The result showed that one third of the hemodialysis patients had symptoms of depression and only 12 patients of 50 had treatment with antidepressant medicine. However the study did not show any significant differences between male and female regarding depressive state and treatment with anti depressive medicine. The authors conclude that depressive symptoms are common among hemodialysis patients. That is why it is important to educate nurses and relatives so they can learn how to see signs of depressive symptoms as early as possible. Right treatment could then increase hemodialysis patients quality of life and also save money for the hospitals.</p>

<p>Cladophora cellulose polypyrrole composites are recognized as potential biomaterials with future applications in hemodialysis. In this project conductive Cladophora cellulose-polypyrrole (clad-ppy) composites were prepared using two different oxidizing agents: iron (III) chloride and phosphomolybdic acid (PMo). Cyclic voltammetry, conductivity and Specific surface area measurements were done to characterize the synthesized composites. Furthermore in vitro blood compatibility studies were performed. Whole blood was incubated with clad-ppy membranes and then blood was analyzed for platelet number reduction and complement activation products (C3a and sC5b-9). Clad-ppy with Iron (III) chloride membranes were found to be superior in terms of conductivity and surface area while Clad-ppy with PMo membranes were found to provoke less blood activation. The results indicated that each oxidizing agent gave distinct properties to the composite material.</p>

This dissertation describes how to apply pharmacokinetic simulations and modeling in a clinical setting to monitor and adjust drug dosing in special patient populations. Pharmacokinetic simulations were used to investigate efficacy and risk of drug toxicity of a new dosing regimen for aminoglycoside antibiotics when administered to renal failure patients. The current method of administering aminoglycosides to renal failure patients is to dose the drug during the last half hour of dialysis sessions. The new proposed method suggests dosing the drug during the first half hour of the dialysis session. Using one-compartment model infusion equations, both methods were simulated to predict drug peaks, troughs and area under the curves. These parameters were used to compare both dosing regimens to find out if the proposed dosing regimen can be suggested in a clinical setting to obtain the same efficacy and lower risk of drug toxicity. The dissertation then describes a prospective clinical study in chronic renal failure patients who received the same tobramycin dose using current and proposed dosing regimens. Results from the clinical study confirm pharmacokinetic simulations and modeling outcomes. Results suggest that both regimens have the same efficacy, but the new proposed method is expected to have lower risk of drug toxicity. The dissertation also describes a retrospective study for vancomycin dosing in renal failure patients. The objective was to confirm that pharmacokinetic modeling could be used to predict and adjust vancomycin dosing for this special population. Vancomycin trough concentrations obtained from patient medical records were compared to predictions obtained using a pharmacokinetic model. It was concluded that there was no statistically significant difference between actual and predicted vancomycin trough concentrations. These results suggest that the pharmacokinetic model can be used to predict and adjust vancomycin dosing to chronic renal failure population. The last part of this dissertation describes evaluation of insulin glargine effect on glycemic control and weight change in a diabetic population. Glycemic control and weight of patients before and after initiation of insulin glargine were evaluated retrospectively. Results showed that initiation of insulin glargine improved glycemic control while weight remained relatively stable. / Graduation date: 2005

Thesis (M. Nurs.)--University of Hong Kong, 2006.

Abstract Due to the change of the times, the medical environment in Taiwan has adapted the mainstream of ¡§patient-centered¡¨ concept. It seems to become a slogan for all medical practitioners. However, little has really changed despite lip service paid to the process of medical improvement. The author has been treating patients with kidney failure for almost twenty years. As being a nephrologist, he realizes that the quality of medical care, the quality of life and the mortality rate are highly related to the length of going on hemodialysis for uremic patients. It means the longer a uremic patient goes on hemodialysis, the lower uremic toxin level and the better quality of life a patient can receive. However, due to the limitation of arranging schedule for all of the medical staff at hospitals, many uremic patients can not have enough delivered dialysis doses they need. By re-scheduling hospital staff¡¦s working hours, uremic patients¡¦needs can be easily met in order to achieve the truly ¡§one-by-one¡¨customized service. It seems to move a step closer to the concept of¡§patient-centered¡¨ service. In Taiwan, the current health insurance system, the total payment clause, and the increasing medical cost seem to play a crucial part in running hospitals. We can avoid causing medical accidence by providing sensible working hours and duties to hospital staff. After carrying out the customized working schedule, the hospital management has successfully reduced the working hours of all staff. It definitely creates a win-win situation for the hospital management and employees. This study is mainly observative, descriptive, cross-sectional, observing the connection and influence of personal and environmental factors on (1) the satisfactory degree of uremic patients, (2) the criterion of the quality of medical treatment¡X(A) the mortality rate of uremic patients (B) the index of KT/V and Albumin, HCT (C) the infection rate (D) the possibility of unpredictable in-hospital accidents¡X(3) potential uremic patients; CKD the chronic uremic patients¡¦ satisfaction (4) the satisfactory degree of nurses. This is a retrospective study, comparing the difference between before and after executing the customized schedule. It focus on the two periods¡X(1) From Jan. to April, 2001 (2) From Jan. to April, 2007 to find out the difference by looking at four variances¡X(A) Nursing hours (B) Mortality rate (C) Accidental rate (D) Job-quitting rate of nurses. To verify the workability and result of this system, we compare the difference between Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital and a private dialysis clinic in Kaohsiung by analyzing the result of questionnaires. The finding shows that there has been a significant improvement on patients¡¦ satisfaction and the quality of medical treatment after carrying out the customized schedule. It¡¦s an undeniable social responsibility to all doctors and nurses to prevent even cure diseases. Taiwan has already had the highest rate of kidney failure around the world; therefore, the customized schedule can save time and manpower to provide better care to chronic kidney disease patients. Moreover, it can also make uremic patients suffer less while going on dialysis or delay the timing for patients going on dialysis. Key word¡G¡§one-by-one¡¨customized service¡Bhemodialysis¡Bpatient-centered