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High school teenage girls' knowledge and perceptions of the risks of Human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome in Tshwane, South AfricaChadyiwanembwa, Noliwe 09 1900 (has links)
Summaries in English and Shona / Introduction
Despite wide spread information and knowledge of HIV and AIDS transmission, High school
teenage girls continued to engage in risky sexual behaviour in Tshwane, a District of Gauteng
Province of South Africa. Age-parity relationships between High school teenage girls and older
men known as “Sugar Daddies” or “Blessers”, who showered High school teenage girls with
money and expensive gifts, were believed to be spreading HIV. High school teenage girls
failed to negotiate condom use due to lack of autonomy, coupled with sexual violence, resulting
in HIV transmission. Consequently, Tshwane became one of the highest HIV burdened cities
in South Africa.
Purpose of the study
This study explored and described the High school teenage girls’ knowledge and perceptions
of the risks of human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome in
Tshwane, a District of Gauteng Province of South Africa.
Method
The study used a quantitative approach. The data were collected using questionnaires. The
population comprised of all girls aged 15 to 19 at a selected High school. The sample consisted
of 109 girls. Systematic sampling was used. The study was conducted in the school hall of a
selected High school. Data were analysed using SPSS version 23 program.
Results
Generally, the High school teenage girls’ HIV knowledge was very high (84.4%) as compared
to their knowledge on AIDS (3.7%). Only 10.1% of the High school teenage girls knew what
the window period entailed. They were aware of HIV preventive measures evidenced by
abstinence ranking first (1) and had the highest score of five (5). 17.4% of the High school
teenage girls doubted the usefulness of the condom in combating HIV infection. Health care
workers were easily accessible (30.3%). The television was the most available mass media
(92%). The radio was most preferred (31%). High school teenage girls preferred to discuss
HIV related information with their peers and friends (50%). 42% of the High school teenage
girls preferred to discuss sex related topics with parents or guardians. Those who were below
18-years were 7.2 times less likely to have sex. 90% of the 19-year-old girls had had sex.
Therefore, High school teenage girls’ perception of HIV risk was low because they continued
to be involved in concurrent multiple relationships although 90% of those involved were using
condoms.
Conclusion
Although High school teenage girls proved that they had knowledge of HIV and AIDS, they
still had a low perception of HIV risk because they were involved in concurrent multiple sexual
relationships with older men. / Habedi, Debbie Kgomotso / Kunyangwe vane ruzivo rwechirwere cheshura matongo, vasikana vane makore ari pakati
pegumi nematatu negumi nemapfumbamwe vari kuenderera mberi nekuita unhu unoita kuti
vabatwe nechirwere cheshuramatongo (AIDS). Vasikana ava vari kudanana nevarume vakuru
kuvadarika vamwe masadzimba zvinoita kuti vatapurirwe utachiona hweHIV zvinoita kuti
vasikana vane hutachiona uhwu vawandise muguta reTshwane, mudunhu reGauteng munyika
yeSouth Africa. Vanasikana ava vanopuwa mari nekutengerwa mbozhanhre nenguvo
zvinodhura nekudya tunonaka. Nekuda kwekuti varume vanesimba rehudzvinyiriri
nekuvarwisa, muAfrica, vasikana ava havakwanisi kushandisa makondomu kuzvidzivirira
kubva kuhutachiona hweHIV. Ndosaka guta reTshwane raita mukurumbira munyika yeSouth
Africa nekuti vanasikana vane hutachiona hweHIV vari kuwandisa.
Gwaro iri rinoongorora nekutsanangura ruzivo uye maonero evanasikana huipi hwechirwe
cheshuramatongo muguta guru reTShwane, mudunhu reGauteng. Munyika yeSouth Africa. Mafambiro Egwaro
Gwaro iri riri kuongorora nekutsanangura ruzivo nemaonerwo anoitwa hutachiona hweHIV
nechirwere cheshuramatongo nevasikana vari pakati pemakore gumi nemakore matatu
nevanegumi nemakore mapfumbamwe pachikoro chesekonari chakasarudzwa mugutu guru
reTshwane, mudunhu reGauteng, munyika yeSouth Africa. Vasikana vaka pindura mibvunzo
pamusoro peruzivo rwavaiva narwo uye zvakanyangara zvinoita kuti vabatwe nehutachiona
hweHIV. Vasikana zana nevapfumbamwe ndivo vakapindura mibvunzo. Vasikana vakapindura
mibvunza yaiva pamapepa muhoro yepachikoro pavo.
Zvakabuda Muchidzidzo
Zvakaonekwa kuti vasikana vane ruzivo rwechirwere cheshuramatongo asi vane zvimwe
zvinhu zvavasinga nzwisisi pamusoro pechirwere ichi zvekuzvidzivirira. Vasikana havakwanisi
kupa mutsauko wehutachiona (HIV) nechirwere cheshuramatongo (AIDS). Vanasikana
vazhinji vanofunga kuti hutachiona hweHIV hunotapurirwana pakutsvodana uye pakushandisa zvimbuzi. Vasikana vazhinji havakwanisi kutsanangura nguva inogara hutachina hweHIV
mumuviri hwusati hwaonekwa kuti hurimo. Vasikana havana chokwadi chekuti makondomu
anogona kudzivirira hutachiona hweHIV kuti hwusapinda mumuviri nguva dzebonde.
Vadzidzisi vechikoro ndivo vakasarudzwa kuti vane ruzivo rwechirwere cheshuramatongo.
Vasikana havafariri kudzidziswa nezve chirwere cheshuramatongo nevabereki vavo.
Vanofarira kukurukura nezvechirwere ichi nevanhu vezera ravo. Vasikana vasingagari
nevabereki vavo vanoita bonde kudarika vanogara nevabereki vavo uye vanoita bonde
nevadiwa vazhinji vamwe vacho varume vakuru madzisaimba. Vasikana vanotaridza kusatya
kubatwa nechirwere chishuramatongo nemhaka yehunhu wawo hwakashata hweku danana
nevarume vazhinji uye kusashandisa makondomu nguva dzebonde. Mhendero
Zvidzidzo zvinopiwa vasikana zvinechekuita nezvepabonde zvinofanira kuongororwa
zvipamhidzirwe kuti vasikana vagone kuzvidzivirira kuchirwere cheshuramatongo.
Madzimudzangara netelevhizhoni zvino kurudzirwa kudzidzisa mitambo nedzimbo
dzinodzidzisa pamusoro pekudzivirira chirwere cheshuramatongo. Vabereki vanofanira
kudzidziswawo kuti vagone kudzidzisa vana vavo kuti vagone kuzvidzivirira kuti vasabatwa
nechirwere ichi. Vanasikana vanofanirwa kudzidziswa kushandisa makondomu pese
pavanoita bonde. Makondomu anofanira kuiswa pachena paano kwanisa kuwonekwa
nevasikana. / Health Studies / M.P.H. (Health Studies)
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HIV, AIDS and gender issues in Indonesia : implications for policy : an application of complexity theoryDamar, Alita P. 08 1900 (has links)
The aim of the study was to offer solutions for the enhancement of Indonesia’s HIV
and AIDS policy and to suggest future possibilities. In the process, the gendered
nature of the epidemic was explored. In light of the relatively lower rates of
employment among Indonesian women, this study also sought to gain insights into
the possible reasons for many women appearing to be attached to domesticity.
In the first phase of the study, interviews with stakeholders in HIV and AIDS
prevention were conducted, followed by a Delphi exercise involving 23 HIV and
AIDS experts. In the second phase, 28 women from various ethnicities were
interviewed, including those in polygamous and contract marriages. The overall
results were interpreted through the lens of complexity theory.
Fewer than half of the proposed objectives were approved by the experts in the
Delphi round. These were interventions mainly aimed at the risk groups while most
objectives relating to education about HIV and AIDS and safer sex for the general
public failed to obtain consensus. Reasons for the lack of consensus were
differences in perceptions associated with human rights, moral reasoning, the
unfeasibility of certain statements and personal conviction about the control of the epidemic. Emphasis on men’s and women’s innate characteristics; men’s role as
breadwinner; women’s primary role as wife, mother and educator of their children;
and unplanned pregnancies emerged as major themes from the qualitative phase.
While the adat and Islam revival movements may have endorsed the ideals of the
New Order state ideology, Javanese rituals regarded as violating Islam teachings
were abandoned. Ignorance about safer sex and HIV and AIDS was also established. Interpretation of the results through the lens of complexity theory revealed that the
national HIV and AIDS policy needs to encompass interventions for the general
population, which would include comprehensive sex education in schools and
media campaigns focusing on women. It was found that women’s vulnerability to
HIV and their penchant for domesticity appear to be associated with their
perceived primary role as wife and mother, as promoted by the adat-based New Order state ideology. / Sociology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Sociology)
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HIV, AIDS and gender issues in Indonesia : implications for policy : an application of complexity theoryDamar, Alita P. 08 1900 (has links)
The aim of the study was to offer solutions for the enhancement of Indonesia’s HIV
and AIDS policy and to suggest future possibilities. In the process, the gendered
nature of the epidemic was explored. In light of the relatively lower rates of
employment among Indonesian women, this study also sought to gain insights into
the possible reasons for many women appearing to be attached to domesticity.
In the first phase of the study, interviews with stakeholders in HIV and AIDS
prevention were conducted, followed by a Delphi exercise involving 23 HIV and
AIDS experts. In the second phase, 28 women from various ethnicities were
interviewed, including those in polygamous and contract marriages. The overall
results were interpreted through the lens of complexity theory.
Fewer than half of the proposed objectives were approved by the experts in the
Delphi round. These were interventions mainly aimed at the risk groups while most
objectives relating to education about HIV and AIDS and safer sex for the general
public failed to obtain consensus. Reasons for the lack of consensus were
differences in perceptions associated with human rights, moral reasoning, the
unfeasibility of certain statements and personal conviction about the control of the epidemic. Emphasis on men’s and women’s innate characteristics; men’s role as
breadwinner; women’s primary role as wife, mother and educator of their children;
and unplanned pregnancies emerged as major themes from the qualitative phase.
While the adat and Islam revival movements may have endorsed the ideals of the
New Order state ideology, Javanese rituals regarded as violating Islam teachings
were abandoned. Ignorance about safer sex and HIV and AIDS was also established. Interpretation of the results through the lens of complexity theory revealed that the
national HIV and AIDS policy needs to encompass interventions for the general
population, which would include comprehensive sex education in schools and
media campaigns focusing on women. It was found that women’s vulnerability to
HIV and their penchant for domesticity appear to be associated with their
perceived primary role as wife and mother, as promoted by the adat-based New Order state ideology. / Sociology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Sociology)
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Factors associated with the resurgence in HIV incidence among young women presenting at Dr George Mukhari Academic HospitalKabongo, Paola Bulungu 11 1900 (has links)
Text in English / Previous studies have reported a high prevalence of HIV and AIDS among adolescent girls. It is estimated that there are 5,24 million people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). These estimates would mean that about 2.36 million people living with HIV/AIDS would be young women and girls aged 15-24 years. The latest household survey conducted by the Human Science Research Council (HSRC) revealed that the prevalence of HIV is three to seven fold in girls and young women aged 15-24 than boys and young men (HSRC 2014) This resurgence in HIV incidence is occurring at a time when it is believed the epidemic has reached a plateau following aggressive behavioural, biomedical and structural interventions by the Department of Health, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) and civil society in general. A probability sampling method, involving a random selection of elements was used to select 130 young women and girls aged 18-24 presenting at Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital by simple random sampling. Data were collected by self-administering questionnaires.
High unemployment and greater age-disparity in the relationships were found to have a direct correlation with HIV incidence in the population under study. This study also shows that inconsistent condom use, low rate of medical male circumcision of male partners, coupled with lower HIV counselling and testing than the national average, was associated with new HIV infections, in spite of high level of condom availability, knowledge of HIV issues and an exposure to an array of behavioural change communication interventions. / Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health)
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