Submitted by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-03-20T13:40:44Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Reprodução Não Autorizada.pdf: 47716 bytes, checksum: 0353d988c60b584cfc9978721c498a11 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-03-20T13:51:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Reprodução Não Autorizada.pdf: 47716 bytes, checksum: 0353d988c60b584cfc9978721c498a11 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-20T13:51:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Reprodução Não Autorizada.pdf: 47716 bytes, checksum: 0353d988c60b584cfc9978721c498a11 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-24 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Indisponível. / Introdução: O bócio continua sendo a principal indicação de tireoidectomias em regiões endêmicas. Trata-se de uma doença heterogênea e pouco compreendida molecularmente. Objetivo: Caracterizar a expressão diferencial gênica em tecidos tireoidianos oriundos de peças cirúrgicas diagnosticadas com bócio, comparando-os com tecido tireoidiano com ausência de doença de pacientes submetidos a tireoidectomias na cidade de Manaus-AM utilizando a tecnologia de RNA-seq. Metodologia: Sequenciamento do transcriptoma de fragmentos de tecido tireoideano com bócio e sem doença utilizando a plataforma de sequenciamento de nova geração (NGS) em Illumina HiSeq 2000 com protocolo de RNA-seq e análise de expressão diferencial. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram que há diferença entre os perfis de expressão gênica dos tecidos com bócio em comparação com um controle com ausência de doença, em que 70 sequencias gênicas estiveram diferencialmente expressas. Dentre as sequencias de genes up-regulated no bócio, a proteína nucleolar HOTS, um dos produtos da leitura do locus H19, esteve presente com cópias unicamente no tecido com bócio (p<0,05). Conclusão: Estes resultados demonstraram que o perfil de expressão gênica do bócio é de uma doença pró-tumoral em que os produtos do locus H19 merecem ser investigados quanto ao seu papel na tumorigenese.

Educators are divided with regards to the value of computer technology as a learning tool. Some maintain that computers have had little impact on students’ learning; others suggest that computers have the potential to enhance learning. Within this second group there are those who believe that computers are having a significant impact, while others believe that their potential is yet to be realised. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between students working in a technology rich environment and their development of higher order, critical and creative, thinking skills. Staff and students from one school participated in this case study. Data were collected by teachers as part of the normal teaching-learning program, supplemented by classroom observations and teacher interviews. In addition, data pertaining to the technology infrastructure was collated from school databases. The data were used to determine the degree of correlation between factors of the learning environment and the extent to which higher order thinking skills (HOTS) were demonstrated by the students. Collations of the statistically significant, and statistically insignificant, correlations allowed relationships between environmental factors and HOTS to be established. / The results indicate that studying within a technology-rich learning environment improves students’ higher order thinking skills, determined by measuring their critical and creative thinking. Factors such as length of time spent in the environment have a positive, non-linear effect on the development of critical thinking skills. These factors have no significant correlation with the development of creative thinking skills. The interaction of students’ computer skills and the classroom environmental factors was shown to be complex. Three-dimensional correlations were performed to derive equations that explain these interactions. Students with better developed computing skills scored higher on critical and creative thinking activities. This was most significant for students with better computer programming skills and the ability to competently manipulate Boolean logic. The most significant factors in developing higher order thinking skills were the students’ levels of computer skills, tempered with their attitudes towards computers and computer classes, and the teacher-student relationships within the technology-rich learning environment. The research suggests that in order to develop students' higher order thinking skills schools should endeavour to integrate technology across all of the learning areas. This will allow students to apply technology to the attainment of higher levels of cognition within specific contexts. This will need to be paralleled by providing students the opportunity to develop appropriate computer skills.

Today’s research, as well as current Swedish governance documents, stress the high importance of developing students’ abstract, individual and critical thinking in mathematics education. The needs for such quality thinking however stand in stark contrast to the ‘traditional mathematics education’, which cannot be expected to develop such thinking. This study suggests an evolutionary instead of revolutionary approach in leaving the old paradigm of ‘traditional education’ behind, since project support for such a transformation project is claimed to be lacking on central level while the feasibility of such a paradigm shift on individual (teacher or even school) level is claimed to be very low in today’s time-pressured reality. By investigating teacher actions which generate occurrences of activated, exposed and elicited student thinking, this study purports to suggest alternative ways forward. A series of semi-structured classroom observations, complemented with questionnaires and interviews, has therefore been carried out of 18 mathematics teachers in upper secondary level in Sweden. The study is based on empowerment theory (as well as an adaptation from the industry of an applied empowerment model), a triangulation mixed-method design was adopted and a thematic analysis, underpinned by a latent theoretical approach from an epistemologically constructionist perspective as described by Braun and Clarke (2006), was used. The study identified several occurrences of the aforementioned student thinking, as well as their corresponding teacher actions and proposes a way for organizing the actions as well as their outcome into an overarching model. / Dagens forskning och samtliga svenska styrdokument betonar den stora vikten av att inom matematikundervisningen utveckla det abstrakta, individuella och kritiska tänkandet hoseleverna. Behoven av sådant ”kvalitetstänkande” står dock i kraftig kontrast till ”traditionell matematikundervisning”, som inte kan förväntas utveckla sådant tänkande. Denna studie föreslår ett evolutionärt, istället för revolutionärt, angreppssätt för att lämna det gamla paradigmet, eftersom projektstöd för ett sådant transformationsprojekt saknas på central nivå och genomförbarheten för ett paradigmskifte på individuell (lärar- eller t.o.m. skol-) nivå hävdas vara låg i dagens tidspressade verklighet. Genom att studera lärarhandlingar som genererar förekomster av aktiverat, exponerat och stimulerat elevtänkande, menar denna studie att hitta alternativa vägar framåt. En serie semistrukturerade klassrumsobservationer, kompletterade med enkäter och intervjuer, har därför genomförts hos 18 matematiklärare på gymnasiet i Sverige. Studien är baserad på empowerment-teori (tillsammans med en industriell tillämpning av en empowerment-modell), en blandad metoddesign (triangulation mixed-method) samt en tematisk analys kännetecknad av ett latent-teoretiskt angreppssätt och av ett epistemologiskt konstruktionistiskt perspektiv enligt Braun och Clarke (2006). Studien identifierade flera förekomster av ovannämnda elevtänkande, likväl som motsvarande lärarhandlingar, och föreslår ett sätt att strukturera både handlingar och deras resultat i en övergripande modell.

The study focused on pertinent challenges and key guidelines in introducing and assessing students’ higher order thinking skills (HOTS) in a literature based English foreign language (EFL) curriculum. A curricular initiative in Israel, namely to integrate HOTS in the teaching and learning of literature in the high school EFL classes, prompted this study to measure its effectiveness on students’ abilities to understand and apply the HOTS in their reading and writing. This mixed-methods study dealt with the following research questions: Are HOTS innate skills or must they be purposefully taught in order for students to learn and to apply them? To what extent has 10th and 11th grade EFL Israeli students’ ability to apply HOTS to their bridging essays, after completing two years in the English literature programme, been improved? How accurately could students demonstrate an understanding of HOTS by naming them and by providing an example of how they could apply them in the areas of reading and writing? The overall key findings showed that; HOTS must be taught and practiced in order for students to learn and to apply them and that teaching students to use HOTS will improve their reading and writing capabilities in regard to higher order thinking as well as their understanding of specific HOTS. It was also found that students enjoy the challenge of infusing HOTS into a literature curriculum and expressing what they learn in their writing. They are consequently motivated to learn when they are challenged with a programme that infuses HOTS into an EFL literature curriculum. Implications of the findings are that the subject specific approach and infusion method for teaching HOTS are successful in the EFL classroom. The findings provide a novel contribution to the study of HOTS pedagogy within a literature based EFL curriculum programme. Recommendations for further studies are made, particularly on HOTS vis-à-vis weaker EFL students as well as on examining different writing formats, such as opinion essays, to determine if HOTS are transferring to other types of writing after students’ participation in this curricular initiative. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / D. Ed. (Curriculum Studies)