The aim of the study is to investigate how upper secondary school teachers of Swedish work with female authors writing in the period 1900–1940. The research questions concern how upper secondary school teachers work with the female authors, how their work interacts with steering documents and textbooks, whether the teachers show any similarities and differences in their work, and how female authors are treated in the textbooks and steering documents that are used. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with three upper secondary school teachers and one textbook per teacher was analysed together with the steering documents. The study reveals clear similarities and differences in the teachers’ work. The teachers work chronologically, period by period, and they deal with female authors in terms of a societal context, but they do not think that the work with women has any intrinsic value. Textbooks and steering documents have a central role to play in the teaching and are used together with other teaching material. The textbooks have an over-representation of male authors and the female authors are treated on their own, separated from the rest of the text and viewed in relation to male authors. The textbooks maintain a gender system where the man is the norm and the sexes are kept apart. The steering documents explicitly deal with female authors to a small extent and are shown to dictate of fundamental principles for what is considered valuable to consider in school work.

The study explores gender representations in English literature texts used in Tanzanian secondary schools. The aim of this research is to raise awareness of, and contribute to, the general discussion regarding gender equality, and about the meeting the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The goals have been adopted by the government of Tanzania since 2000. The third goal (MDG 3) seeks to promote gender equality and the empowerment of women in all levels of education by 2015. The aim of this thesis was to examine the discourses underpinning the teaching of literature in Tanzanian schools in order to examine the extent to which gender representations within the texts, and as mediated by teachers, supports this discourse of equality. The inquiry is explored through a textual analysis of the texts which were used in secondary schools in Tanzania during observation, using postcolonial and feminist perspectives. The study further involved interviewing literature teachers and students, policy makers and curriculum planners and obtained their views about the representations of gender. Data were collected in six schools in three regions of Tanzania, namely Mwanza, Dodoma and Dar es Salaam. Analytical induction has been used to analyse the data collected from interviews and observation. Findings from textual analysis show that some of the texts selected for study do convey strong messages in favour of demarcation between women’s and men’s traits, roles, and occupations, but others do not. Most of this latter group criticise traditional constructions of masculinity and femininity portraying women as subordinate to men and victims of domestic violence, and traditional African practices such as arranged marriage, female genital mutilation and the denial of educational rights. Findings from observations revealed that the texts were tackled relatively uncritically. Teachers rarely encouraged pupils to engage critically with gender issues arising in the texts. Findings from interviews and observation revealed that teachers are not trained to include the goal in their teaching. The thesis concludes that although some of the literary texts have emancipatory aims as revealed in the textual analysis, the gender equality goal is unlikely to be achieved unless the implicit understandings of gender relations in teachers’ classroom practices are addressed. Recommendations are made on how to promote a more critical engagement with gender issues through the teaching of literature in the Tanzanian context.

This study compares the novel Svinalängorna by Susanna Alakoski and the film version, based on the theme of exclusion. The study aims to see the potential the film can have in comparison with the book when it comes to representing the theme of exclusion in the teaching of literature as part of the upper secondary subject of Swedish. This has been investigated using coding and analysis of narrative technique. Key scenes have then been set in relation to multimodality. The result shows that exclusion generally seems to be depicted in the same way in the book and the film. At the same time, the products differ in their focus on different aspects of exclusion. The aspect of poverty, for example, is more prominent in the book, while social problems are more prominent in the film. The fact that the film is multimodal was found to reinforce the exclusion, and the result shows that the film is probably best suited for use in teaching from the point of view of film as comparison.

Esta dissertação tem por objeto estudar as relações entre formação, hábitos de leitura e práticas do ensino de literatura dos professores de português do ensino médio da rede estadual da cidade de São Paulo. Para tanto, optou-se primeiramente por realizar uma pesquisa quantitativa com 87 docentes, a partir da qual procurou-se traçar um perfil médio do professor da rede, levando-se em consideração dados relativos a sua formação, seus hábitos de leitura, sua prática de ensino e aos principais problemas enfrentados. Numa segunda etapa, realizouse uma pesquisa qualitativa a partir de entrevistas com quatro professores dessa mesma rede, de quem também foram observadas aulas de literatura. Na análise desses depoimentos, procurou-se investigar se haveria relações entre a formação a que esses professores tiveram acesso, os hábitos de leitura por eles desenvolvidos, as concepções de literatura desses sujeitos e sua prática de ensino literário. Na combinação dos dois métodos de pesquisa, foram observados indicadores de características socioculturais dos professores num conjunto de ocorrências (quantitativa) e analisados trechos de histórias de vida em profundidade (qualitativa). Dessa forma, buscou-se contrapor a uma configuração geral do perfil médio do professor de português, análises mais complexas de planos individuais. Como resultado, depreende-se que a presença nas famílias de origem de uma ética do correto e da disciplina é determinante no êxito escolar obtido pelos sujeitos pesquisados, que a existência de figuras marcantes do ponto de vista das relações com a leitura e os livros é determinante para seu desenvolvimento como leitores literários e que a consciência de seu próprio processo de formação e da posição que ocupam como sujeitos de suas leituras tem conseqüências na prática de ensino dos professores e em seu posicionamento frente aos alunos. Do ponto de vista teórico, foram levadas em consideração as análises sociológicas desenvolvidas por Pierre Bourdieu e Bernard Lahire, as considerações sobre a História da Leitura (Chartier, Darnton), estudos que definem o leitor crítico (Jauss, Eco) e as reflexões acerca da formação de sujeitos leitores (Rouxel, Baudelot e Cartier). / This dissertation aims at studying the relationship between formation, reading habits and teaching practices of High School Literature teachers from state public schools in the city of São Paulo. For that, at first, a quantitative research was conducted through questionnaires replied by 87 teachers, in order to establish an average profile of the public schools teachers, taking into consideration data related to their formation, reading habits, teaching practices and the main problems faced by them. Secondly, a qualitative research was conducted using four interviews with teachers from the same schools as a reference, their literature lessons were also observed. In the analysis of their statements, it was tried to investigate if there would be relations among the formation they were exposed to, their reading habits, their conceptions of literature and their Literature teaching practices. Through the combination of the two research methods, it was able to observe indicators of the teachers socio-cultural characteristics in a series of occurrences (quantitative) and analyzed exerts of their life stories (qualitative). This way, it was tried to oppose to a general configuration of the average Portuguese teacher, more complex analyses of their individual plans. As a result it seems possible to affirm that the presence in the origin families of a righteous and discipline ethics is determinant in the success achieved by the subjects in schools, that the presence of remarkable subjects in the relationship with reading and the books is determinant for the development of literary readers and that the consistence of his/her own formation process and the position that they stand for as readers have consequences in their practices as teachers and their position towards the students. When it comes to theory, it was taken into consideration, sociological analyses developed by Pierre Bourdieu and Bernard Lahire, considerations on Reading History (Chartier), bibliography on the critical reader (Jauss, Eco) and the reflections on the formation of reading subjects (Rouxel, Baudelot e Cartier).

O trabalho de pesquisa consistiu em um estudo dos documentos oficiais que orientaram o ensino de Língua Portuguesa e Literatura para o 2º grau (antiga nomenclatura do ensino médio) tendo em vista a possibilidade de compreender a relação entre as proposições inovadoras ali contidas e o trabalho de pesquisa acadêmica com o qual dialogam. Partiu-se de uma concepção de currículo como um artefato cultural, uma invenção escolar e, portanto, como prática sócio-histórica e culturalmente constituída. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar em que medida os documentos curriculares balizam a seleção de conteúdos e de que modo ocorre esta seleção, em outras palavras, como se constituiu, historicamente, o currículo de literatura como disciplina escolar. A análise dos documentos curriculares permitiu-nos ponderar sobre uma relação já apontada por Geraldi (2003) que o trabalho pedagógico tende a fetichizar o produto do trabalho científico. Tal observação partiu de um exame em que foram cotejadas as várias edições dos dois tipos de documentos curriculares produzidos ao longo dos anos de 1980 no Brasil, nos quais se propunham inovações no ensino de literatura. Observamos ainda que a lógica de incorporação dos resultados do trabalho de pesquisa não é igual nos dois tipos de documento, possivelmente em função do fato de os autores dos textos publicados nos Subsídios para Implementação da Propostas Curriculares de Língua Portuguesa terem sido pesquisadores universitários, e, portanto, eles próprios responsáveis pela elaboração de uma obra original; em contrapartida, o texto da Proposta Curricular de Língua Portuguesa 2º grau, elaborado pela equipe técnica da CENP assume, em grande parte, o modo de apropriação do trabalho científico apontado por Geraldi (2003), sendo possível atribuir aos autores do Subsídios a noção bourdiesiana de auctor e aos autores da Proposta Curricular a de lector. A pesquisa permitiu-nos concluir que esse modo peculiar de apropriação do trabalho científico explica, em parte, a permanência de práticas arraigadas à tradição, embora mescladas a algumas proposições inovadoras. Esta mescla caracteriza a relação compósita dos saberes docentes (Tardif, Lessard, Lahire), outra categoria de análise mobilizada para analisar a questão. Compreendemos, finalmente, que o modo como os docentes podem mobilizar esses saberes é regido, em última instância, pela noção de táticas de consumo (De Certeau, 1994), explicando o que, num primeiro olhar, parece apenas uma burla dos mecanismos de controle impostos pelo currículo, configura-se na verdade, como um mecanismo de busca dos protocolos de ação, mais do que pelos protocolos da pesquisa científica (Anne-Marie Chartier, 2007). / The dissertation consists on a study of official documents which orients Portuguese and Literature for the Secondary Level, considering a possibility to understand the relation between the innovation proposals and the work resultant of academicals research. Our starting point was a conception of curriculum as a cultural artifact, a school invention and, so, a sociohistorical e culturally constituted practice. The aim of this research was to verify if curriculum documents establishes the teaching contents selection and how is this selection made, in other words, how the literature (as school discipline) curriculum was historically constituted. Analyzing the documents we could consider a relation which Geraldi (2003) had already pointed: the pedagogical work presents a tendency to fetishism of the scientific works product. Such observation is linked to an exam which varied editions of both kind of curriculum documents were compared. We considered only the documents produced along the eighties in São Paulo, Brazil. Both proposed innovation in literature teaching, but we observed that the logic of the incorporation of scientific works products is not equal in both documents, possibly due to the fact that the authors of the texts published in the guide Subsídios are academic researchers, and so, they are, themselves, the responsible of an original work elaboration, on the other hand, the text of Proposta Curricular de Língua Portuguesa 2º grau, elaborated by the technical team of CENP assumes, in major, the way which the scientific work (remarked by Geraldi, 2003) is appropriated. This aspect allowed us to attribute to the authors of Subsídios the bourdieusian idea of auctor, and to the authors of Proposta Curricular the idea of lector. The research also allowed us to conclude that this peculiar way of appropriation of the scientific works explain, partially, the permanence of practices rooted in tradition, although mixed to some of the innovation proposals. This mix characterizes the composite relation of teaching knowledge (Tardif, Lessard, Lahire, 1991), another point of view used to understand the question. At last, we understood that the way teachers may mobilize such knowledge is determined by the idea of consumption tatics (as proposed by De Certeau, 1994), explaining what, in a first sight may look just a way to not attend to the control mechanism represented by curriculum, configures, in fact, a mechanism of search for the action protocols, more than the scientific research protocols (Anne-Marie Chartier, 2007).

Esta dissertação tem por objeto estudar as relações entre formação, hábitos de leitura e práticas do ensino de literatura dos professores de português do ensino médio da rede estadual da cidade de São Paulo. Para tanto, optou-se primeiramente por realizar uma pesquisa quantitativa com 87 docentes, a partir da qual procurou-se traçar um perfil médio do professor da rede, levando-se em consideração dados relativos a sua formação, seus hábitos de leitura, sua prática de ensino e aos principais problemas enfrentados. Numa segunda etapa, realizouse uma pesquisa qualitativa a partir de entrevistas com quatro professores dessa mesma rede, de quem também foram observadas aulas de literatura. Na análise desses depoimentos, procurou-se investigar se haveria relações entre a formação a que esses professores tiveram acesso, os hábitos de leitura por eles desenvolvidos, as concepções de literatura desses sujeitos e sua prática de ensino literário. Na combinação dos dois métodos de pesquisa, foram observados indicadores de características socioculturais dos professores num conjunto de ocorrências (quantitativa) e analisados trechos de histórias de vida em profundidade (qualitativa). Dessa forma, buscou-se contrapor a uma configuração geral do perfil médio do professor de português, análises mais complexas de planos individuais. Como resultado, depreende-se que a presença nas famílias de origem de uma ética do correto e da disciplina é determinante no êxito escolar obtido pelos sujeitos pesquisados, que a existência de figuras marcantes do ponto de vista das relações com a leitura e os livros é determinante para seu desenvolvimento como leitores literários e que a consciência de seu próprio processo de formação e da posição que ocupam como sujeitos de suas leituras tem conseqüências na prática de ensino dos professores e em seu posicionamento frente aos alunos. Do ponto de vista teórico, foram levadas em consideração as análises sociológicas desenvolvidas por Pierre Bourdieu e Bernard Lahire, as considerações sobre a História da Leitura (Chartier, Darnton), estudos que definem o leitor crítico (Jauss, Eco) e as reflexões acerca da formação de sujeitos leitores (Rouxel, Baudelot e Cartier). / This dissertation aims at studying the relationship between formation, reading habits and teaching practices of High School Literature teachers from state public schools in the city of São Paulo. For that, at first, a quantitative research was conducted through questionnaires replied by 87 teachers, in order to establish an average profile of the public schools teachers, taking into consideration data related to their formation, reading habits, teaching practices and the main problems faced by them. Secondly, a qualitative research was conducted using four interviews with teachers from the same schools as a reference, their literature lessons were also observed. In the analysis of their statements, it was tried to investigate if there would be relations among the formation they were exposed to, their reading habits, their conceptions of literature and their Literature teaching practices. Through the combination of the two research methods, it was able to observe indicators of the teachers socio-cultural characteristics in a series of occurrences (quantitative) and analyzed exerts of their life stories (qualitative). This way, it was tried to oppose to a general configuration of the average Portuguese teacher, more complex analyses of their individual plans. As a result it seems possible to affirm that the presence in the origin families of a righteous and discipline ethics is determinant in the success achieved by the subjects in schools, that the presence of remarkable subjects in the relationship with reading and the books is determinant for the development of literary readers and that the consistence of his/her own formation process and the position that they stand for as readers have consequences in their practices as teachers and their position towards the students. When it comes to theory, it was taken into consideration, sociological analyses developed by Pierre Bourdieu and Bernard Lahire, considerations on Reading History (Chartier), bibliography on the critical reader (Jauss, Eco) and the reflections on the formation of reading subjects (Rouxel, Baudelot e Cartier).

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-05-08T20:22:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Rafael Martins de Souza Almeida.pdf: 1989285 bytes, checksum: 74ba6444a5c929988d94c6c7e100b86a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-08T20:22:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Rafael Martins de Souza Almeida.pdf: 1989285 bytes, checksum: 74ba6444a5c929988d94c6c7e100b86a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-10 / CAPES / This work presents and puts into practice a proposal of mediation in a ninth grade class of the Elementary School of the Pedro II College. The purpose of the classroom intervention was to bring the student closer to the masterpieces of universal literature, giving him an unique appropriation of the classics reading, without the usual barriers that make literary reading occupy a small space in Brazilian education. In its theoretical basis, the present study investigated the causes of this obstacle ? the passive acceptance of mass culture, formalist and technicist excesses, the advent of new media and technologies, prejudice about student capacity and school routine itself ? and examined the benefits that the reading of classics can bring to the reader ? the construction of an identity, the expansion of repertoire, some resourcefulness in using language and access to cultural heritage. The methodology of pedagogical application included the creation of a library atmosphere, the establishment of bridges to other spheres of art, culture and entertainment, the availability of free reading time and the maintenance of reading diaries, which constituted a corpus submitted to analysis in the chapter dedicated to the report of the experience. The classroom observations and the information extracted from the corpus ratified that the prolonged and autonomous reading of literature classics should play a central role in the school environment. / Este trabalho apresenta e p?e em pr?tica uma proposta de media??o em uma turma de nono ano do Ensino Fundamental do Col?gio Pedro II. A interven??o em sala de aula teve como objetivo a aproxima??o do aluno com as obras-primas da literatura universal, proporcionando-lhe uma apropria??o singular dos cl?ssicos lidos, sem as usuais barreiras que fazem a leitura liter?ria ocupar um espa?o pequeno no ensino brasileiro. Em sua fundamenta??o te?rica, o presente estudo investigou as causas desse entrave ? a aceita??o passiva da cultura de massa, os excessos formalistas e tecnicistas, o advento de novas m?dias e tecnologias, o preconceito quanto ? capacidade dos alunos e a pr?pria rotina escolar ? e examinou os benef?cios que a leitura dos cl?ssicos pode trazer para o leitor ? a constru??o de uma identidade, a amplia??o de repert?rio, a desenvoltura no uso da l?ngua e o acesso ? heran?a cultural. A metodologia da aplica??o pedag?gica incluiu a cria??o de uma atmosfera de biblioteca, o estabelecimento de pontes com outras esferas da arte, da cultura e do entretenimento, a disponibiliza??o de tempo para a leitura livre e a manuten??o de di?rios de leitura, os quais constitu?ram um corpus submetido a an?lise no cap?tulo dedicado ao relato da experi?ncia. As observa??es em sala de aula e as informa??es extra?das do corpus ratificaram que a leitura prolongada e aut?noma de cl?ssicos da literatura deve ter um papel central no ambiente escolar.

This thesis investigates the practice of set text study as it is encountered within the English curriculum of a Victorian secondary school. The study evolved from a range of concerns to do with the researcher’s own teaching and the attitudes being expressed in her school community. It developed into an investigation of the student experience of reading, and of studying the required texts in subject, English This research aims to: • provide understanding of the development of set text study and to consider whether this construct is meeting the goals of contemporary English teaching examine both the beliefs which underpin the practices and the practices themselves provide greater understanding of the way students experience this aspect of their school learning consider how notions of transformation, insight and emerging identity through literature study fit with student experience Five guiding research questions address the issues which gave rise to the study. These questions provide a focus and structure throughout the research process. The questions address issues of: students’ school and non-school reading practices, enjoyment, beliefs about learning, ideology and specifically, the potential influence of textual representations of suicide and adult characters on a teenage student’s emerging sense of self. An overview of key theoretical positions on the act of reading situates the attitudinal and theoretical aspects of this research. The practical orientation of this study is situated alongside research on the experience of reading and of teaching literature, both from Australia and overseas. This thesis adopts a phenomenological approach within a constructivist framework. A qualitative methodology using a case-study approach, allows for the prolonged engagement necessary to explore the research questions and develop the sort of relationship necessary to facilitate the in-depth and reflective responses being sought. In-depth interviews (both face-to-face interviews and on-line chat sessions) are the primary data-gathering tool. In reporting the findings, the student voice is privileged. Practical and theoretical notions of communication and language are explored. The processes used to undertake this research are reflected upon and some possibilities for incorporating some of these methods into a school learning context are considered. While the focus of the study is to increase understanding of individual experience, some clear findings emerge. Although reading played an important part in the non-school lives of most of these students, the school experience of reading was more often than not, disappointing. Key factors which students perceived as contributing to their lack of enjoyment and satisfaction included: text choice, lack of challenge in lesson content, the sameness of the associated tasks, the behaviour of peers and lack of opportunity for having their opinions heard. Almost conversely, the students who gained greatest satisfaction reported on: particular texts, the creativity and scope for individual input of required tasks, teacher involvement, more positive class interaction and specific modelling by teachers of required tasks. The thesis concludes with recommendations for structural support (both whole school and classroom) to enable the positive shared reading experiences to become the experience of more students. It challenges the sanctity of the set text and offers a range of alternatives. In calls on teachers to consider the implications of entering a continuing story of students’ reading and to work at developing better ways of incorporating components of effective non-school reading practices into school reading practices. The concerns regarding the potential negative influence of set texts on a student’s identity were not validated in this research. However new concerns for students’ well being did emerge. The research indicates that set texts can make a difference to the quality of students’ lives. By incorporating a range of texts and class activities, by knowing students as well as possible, and by fully engaging as co-readers, teachers are in a better position to minimise student distress and to attend to the work of creating democratic reading environments with the greatest potential for reading success for everyone.

Bakgrunden till vår studie är vårt gemensamma intresse för skönlitteratur och vår nyfikenhet över hur den används i dagens skola. Syfte var att ta reda på om samt hur lärare, verksamma inom skolans tidiga år, använder sig av skönlitteratur i sin undervisning. Vi har undersökt hur lärare tänker kring skönlitteratur i sin undervisning och i vilka syften som skönlitteratur används. Genom kvalitativa intervjuer med sex verksamma lärare fick vi det material som vi sedan analyserade. Vi fann att lärarna var väl medvetna om skönlitteraturens möjligheter, inte bara i svenska utan i skolans alla ämnen. Huvudsyftet med att utnyttja skönlitteratur i skolan fann vi vara underhållning, men även läsinlärning, kunskapsutveckling och inspiration var nyckelord i resultatet. Slutsatsen var att skönlitteratur används mycket i dagens skola, på många olika sätt och med olika syften. Vi fann att skönlitteratur har förmågan att stimulera barns fantasi och får dem att uppleva andra världar och kulturer utan att lämna klassrummet. Följaktligen kan vi konstatera att skönlitteratur är mer än bara en bok! / The background to our study is our common interest in fiction and our curiosity of how it is being used in school at present. The aim of the study was to find out if and how teachers in the earlier years of school, use fiction in their teaching. We have found how some teachers think about their teaching where fiction is an element and in what purpose fiction are used. By doing qualitative interviews with six active teachers we got a material that we analysed. In the result we found that the teachers were well aware of the possibilities fiction gives, not just in the subject Swedish but in all subjects in school. The main purpose of using fiction in school was to entertain but we found that the teachers also used it to teach their pupils how to read, to increase their knowledge and to give them inspiration. The conclusion is that fiction is used a lot in school today, in many different ways and with different intentions. We found that fiction has the ability to stimulate children’s imagination and make them experience and explore other worlds and cultures without even leaving the classroom. As a result we can establish that fiction is more than just a book!

<p>Bakgrunden till vår studie är vårt gemensamma intresse för skönlitteratur och vår nyfikenhet över hur den används i dagens skola. Syfte var att ta reda på om samt hur lärare, verksamma inom skolans tidiga år, använder sig av skönlitteratur i sin undervisning. Vi har undersökt hur lärare tänker kring skönlitteratur i sin undervisning och i vilka syften som skönlitteratur används. Genom kvalitativa intervjuer med sex verksamma lärare fick vi det material som vi sedan analyserade. Vi fann att lärarna var väl medvetna om skönlitteraturens möjligheter, inte bara i svenska utan i skolans alla ämnen. Huvudsyftet med att utnyttja skönlitteratur i skolan fann vi vara underhållning, men även läsinlärning, kunskapsutveckling och inspiration var nyckelord i resultatet. Slutsatsen var att skönlitteratur används mycket i dagens skola, på många olika sätt och med olika syften. Vi fann att skönlitteratur har förmågan att stimulera barns fantasi och får dem att uppleva andra världar och kulturer utan att lämna klassrummet. Följaktligen kan vi konstatera att skönlitteratur är mer än bara en bok!</p> / <p>The background to our study is our common interest in fiction and our curiosity of how it is being used in school at present. The aim of the study was to find out if and how teachers in the earlier years of school, use fiction in their teaching. We have found how some teachers think about their teaching where fiction is an element and in what purpose fiction are used. By doing qualitative interviews with six active teachers we got a material that we analysed. In the result we found that the teachers were well aware of the possibilities fiction gives, not just in the subject Swedish but in all subjects in school. The main purpose of using fiction in school was to entertain but we found that the teachers also used it to teach their pupils how to read, to increase their knowledge and to give them inspiration. The conclusion is that fiction is used a lot in school today, in many different ways and with different intentions. We found that fiction has the ability to stimulate children’s imagination and make them experience and explore other worlds and cultures without even leaving the classroom. As a result we can establish that fiction is more than just a book!</p>