This study uses interviews to investigate what kinds of teaching material three teachers in the early years of compulsory school use, and how and why they have chosen to use these particular materials. The study also examines which factors guide the teachers in their choice, and what they see as teaching material. The study applies a sociocultural perspective on learning, viewing teaching aids as artefacts created by humans and as a communicative tool in teaching. The informants’ interview responses have been analysed using content analysis. The result shows that the teachers use several different forms of material to teach Swedish to pupils in the early years of compulsory school. They see and use both publisher-produced textbooks and traditional photocopied handouts, as well as tablets, computers and other material, as teaching aids. The teachers think it is important to use more than one form of material in teaching, and that a functional teaching aid should be capable of individual adaptation so that every pupil can work at his or her level of knowledge. Teaching material should also be motivational so that the pupil will be able to acquire an improved knowledge in the subject of Swedish. The potential for individual adaptation is a factor that guides the teachers in their choice of teaching material, but they also consider the look of the material and the faith they place in the textbook publisher.

Abstract Title: “Reading aloud fiction gives students a rich vocabulary”Author: Dilara AkcaySupervisor: Jenny MagnussonThe purpose of this study is to find out how teachers work with students' vocabulary development in reading aloud activities in fiction within the subject of Swedish.Furthermore, the purpose is to find out how teachers’ reason about their work to develop students' vocabulary in fiction reading aloud. The study’s questions are the following: What strategies do teachers use when reading fiction aloud in the Swedish subject to develop the students' vocabulary? How do the teachers reason about their work of developing students' vocabulary in fiction reading aloud?The material was analyzed based on Beck et al.'s (2013) teaching model on strategies for vocabulary development. This study is based on a qualitative method for answering the questions. A qualitative method is relevant to the study because the study examines what strategies teachers use to develop students' vocabulary in fiction reading aloud. To find out this, it is essential to observe and interview teachers. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with three teachers from three different schools.The results of the observations showed that the two teachers, Jessica and Tina used the strategy of asking questions to the students and explaining words using everyday language. Jessica also worked with the strategy that the students are allowed to use the word themselves. In addition, Tina uses visual aids to deepen students' understanding of words and she uses body language and exemplifies the word by changing her voice, so the pupils get a better understanding of the words. Jessica uses visual aids to help students gain a deeper understanding of the word.The third teacher, Katarina, does not explain any words to the students, despite the fact that there were some difficult words in the book that could have been explained. Strategies such as pronouncing words and presenting words in new contexts did not appear in the observations. The teachers say in the interviews that they work on vocabulary development in fiction reading aloud. The strategies teachers use in reading aloud are to ask students questions about the meaning of the word and define the word in everyday language. Tina uses visual support to give students a deeper understanding of the word. Jessica uses a lot of body language to shape some difficult words, and Katarina says that she works with the three-cup method, where students find synonyms for the word. Tina and Jessica talk about how important reading aloud is for students' vocabulary development, and they read aloud for students to learn new words. Katarina believes that reading aloud is more for them to be a cozy moment for the students. Keywords: Vocabulary development, middle school, Swedish teaching, reading aloud. Nyckelord: Ordförrådsutveckling, mellanstadiet, svenskundervisning, högläsning.

The aim of the study is to investigate how upper secondary school teachers of Swedish work with female authors writing in the period 1900–1940. The research questions concern how upper secondary school teachers work with the female authors, how their work interacts with steering documents and textbooks, whether the teachers show any similarities and differences in their work, and how female authors are treated in the textbooks and steering documents that are used. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with three upper secondary school teachers and one textbook per teacher was analysed together with the steering documents. The study reveals clear similarities and differences in the teachers’ work. The teachers work chronologically, period by period, and they deal with female authors in terms of a societal context, but they do not think that the work with women has any intrinsic value. Textbooks and steering documents have a central role to play in the teaching and are used together with other teaching material. The textbooks have an over-representation of male authors and the female authors are treated on their own, separated from the rest of the text and viewed in relation to male authors. The textbooks maintain a gender system where the man is the norm and the sexes are kept apart. The steering documents explicitly deal with female authors to a small extent and are shown to dictate of fundamental principles for what is considered valuable to consider in school work.

This degree project essay examines the literary culture phenomenon known as poetry slam, a competitive format for performance poetry, with the purpose of discussing whether poetry slam could contribute to upper secondary school Swedish teaching or not. The essay consists of two parts, one where poetry slam is presented and one where poetry slam is discussed from a didactic perspective. In the first part, a brief history of poetry slam and its origins in the U.S. is presented, followed by a discussion of the ideology within the slam movement. Furthermore, the set of rules that regulate poetry slams are presented and finally the first part of the essay is ended with a discussion of poetry slam as a poetic genre of its own. The second part starts by presenting and discussing the concept of aesthetic learning processes and how poetry slam might enable such processes. Poetry slam is then related to the Swedish subject syllabus for upper secondary school in order to analyse whether there is any rationale for poetry slam in Swedish teaching or not. Furthermore, poetry slam is related to literacy development, first by discussing creative writing and then by discussing oral performance. The results of the analysis shows that poetry slam is foremost motivated in Swedish teaching as a literary historical content, partly as an opportunity to work with oral performance, and also to cultivate students’ linguistic subjectivity. Poetry slam could possibly enable aesthetic learning processes, although it may be questioned whether poetry slam qualifies as an artistic community professional enough to provide artistic working methods. The very concept of a school poetry slam could also be seen as a contradiction, when considering the slam movement’s self image of counter culture, as schools themselves could be interpreted as dominant literary establishments. Possible pitfalls related to poetry slam in Swedish teaching are the competitive format’s effect on students socio-emotional safety and the scoring system that may be hazardous for students’ linguistic subjectivity. Also, poetry slam may not meet the curricular demands on rhetoric performances which are mandatory in the upper secondary school Swedish courses, and thus questions may be raised if oral poetic performances can be prioritised at the expense of oral rhetoric performances. Moreover, the free, creative space provided to students within creative writing processes puts high demands on the teacher balancing students’ creative freedom, in order to possibly articulate hidden knowledge, with making sure that students do not spend time procrastinating.

Följande studie är baserad på en undersökning med sociolingvistisk inriktning och syftar till att undersöka vad lärare väljer att inkludera i sin undervisning som rör språklig variation. Studien syftar även till att undersöka vad dessa val beror på och vilka konsekvenser dessa val kan tänkas få. Empirin utgörs av en kvantitativ enkätundersökning där lärare har fått delge information om sin undervisning samt sina åsikter och uppfattningar kring begreppet språklig variation. Tidigare forskning visar bland annat att språklig variation, eller snarare brister i kunskap, förståelse och tolerans kring språklig variation kan bidra till att vissa elever inte får samma förutsättningar för lärande. Den bearbetade och analyserade empirin visar att momentet språklig variation ingår i samtliga lärares undervisning i kursen Svenska 1. Det råder en samsyn kring begreppet språklig variation enligt lärarnas definitioner. Det framkommer dock att majoriteten av de tillfrågade anser att momentet får mindre tid och utrymme än andra moment i kursen Svenska 1 och att några av delområdena (lekterna) inom momentet inte inkluderas i samma utsträckning. Valet av stoff påverkas bland annat av elevgrupp, erfarenhet, intresse, aktualitet och den tid man har till sitt förfogande. Momentet språklig variation är en del av alla tillfrågade informanters undervisning och även om momentet inte får lika mycket tid och utrymme som andra moment i kursen Svenska 1, så skattas momentet som viktigt och betydelsefullt. Dessutom kan sägas att informanterna i följande undersökning berör de flest delar av momentet i större utsträckning än vad som först antogs. / The following study is based on a study with a sociolinguistic focus and aims to investigate what teachers choose to include in their teaching regarding linguistic variation. The study also aims to investigate what these choices depend on and what consequences these choices might have.The empirical materialconsistsof a quantitative survey where teachers have been given information about their teaching as well as their opinions about the concept of linguistic variation. Previous research shows, among other things, that linguistic variation, or rather deficiencies inknowledge, understanding and tolerance around linguistic variation can contribute to the fact that some students do not have the same conditions for learning. The worked and analyzed empirical evidence shows that the element of linguistic variation is included in all teachers 'teaching in the course Swedish1. There is a consensus on the concept of linguistic variation according to the teachers' definitions. However, it turns out that the majority of those surveyed consider that the part gets less time andspace than other parts of the course and that some of the sub-areas within the part are not included to the same extent. The choice of material is influenced, among other things, by the group of students, experience, interest, timeliness and the time available to them. The subject linguistic variation is part of all the informants' teaching and although the subject does not get as much time and space as other parts of the course Svenska 1,linguistic variation is considered to be valuable and important. In addition, it can be said that the informants in the following survey includes most parts of thelinguistic variationin their teachingto a greater extent than was initially assumed.

Sagor är en av flera texttyper elever ska få ta del av under sin skolgång och sagan kan användas på flera sätt samt för olika syften. Denna kvalitativa studie syftar till att bidra med kunskap om sagans didaktiska potential i svenskundervisningen i förskoleklass och årskurs 3. Studiens syfte avses besvaras med tre frågeställningar: Hur beskriver lärare i förskoleklass och årskurs 3 att de använder sagor i svenskundervisningen? På vilka sätt upplever lärare att elever utvecklas genom att ta del av sagor i svenskundervisningen? Vad finns det för likheter och skillnader mellan hur lärarna förklarar sagans användning i svenskundervisningen? Studiens frågeställningar besvaras genom semistrukturerade kvalitativa intervjuer som transkriberades och analyserades genom en tematisk analys. Den teoretiska utgångspunkt som studien utgår från är sociokulturellt perspektiv på lärande. Resultatet för studien visar att lärare använder sagor för flera olika syften, men högläsning, skrivande och samtalande är det lärarna förklarar att de använder sagan för främst. Genom detta kan elever utveckla läsförståelsen, sitt sagoskrivande och lärarna upplever också att elever kan utveckla sina kompisrelationer när sagan används för att diskutera värdegrundsfrågor. I diskussionen diskuteras de metoder som används för studien. Även det resultat som framkommit i studien diskuteras och kopplas till tidigare forskning. Slutligen skrivs förslag på vidare forskning fram. / Fairy tales are one of several text types pupils should be exposed to during their schooling and the fairy tale can be used in several ways and for different purposes. This qualitative study aims to contribute knowledge about the didactic potential of fairy tales in Swedish teaching in preschool class and year 3. The purpose of the study is intended to be answered with three questions: How do teachers in preschool class and year 3 describe that they use fairy tales in Swedish teaching? In what ways do teachers feel that students develop by taking part in fairy tales in Swedish teaching? What are the similarities and differences between how teachers explain the use of fairy tales in Swedish teaching? The study's questions are answered through semi-structured qualitative interviews that were transcribed and analyzed through a thematic analysis. The theoretical starting point from which the study is based is socio-cultural perspective on learning. The results of the study show that teachers use fairy tales for several different purposes, but reading, writing and talking aloud are what the teachers explain that they use the fairy tale for primarily.  Through this, students can develop reading comprehension, their story writing and the teachers also experience that students can develop their friendships when the fairy tale is used to discuss basic values. The discussion discusses the methods used for the study. The results of the study are also discussed and linked to previous research. Finally, proposals for further research are presented.

This study examines how teachers of Swedish as a second language perceive that they work to strengthen L2 pupils’ knowledge of Swedish. It investigates how the teachers say that they work to improve the pupils’ vocabulary and word comprehension, and what they can find problematic when they work with this. The method used for the study is qualitative, in the form of interviews, with the aim of charting the teachers’ opinions and perceptions of what was to be studied. Four teachers were interviewed, and their thoughts are part of the results in the study. Among other things, it was found that vocabulary and word comprehension are important to work with in Swedish as a second language since a large vocabulary and good word comprehension are the foundation for the pupils’ continued learning. The results also show the importance of conversations in the classroom when it comes to vocabulary and word comprehension, and the use of pictures and reading aloud.

Enligt läroplan för grundskolan, förskoleklass och fritidshem 2011, reviderad 2018, ska elever ges möjlighet att möta film i svenskundervisningen. Även om det inte uttrycks explicit i kursplanen för svenska framkommer det trots allt i följande beskrivning att film ska inkluderas i undervisningen: ”texter som kombinerar ord, bild och ljud [...]” (Skolverket, 2018, s. 260). Denna studies syfte är att undersöka hur lärare arbetar med spelfilm i svenskämnet i årkurs 4- 6. För att uppfylla detta syfte utformades följande frågeställningar: I vilken utsträckning används spelfilm? Hur används spelfilm? I vilket syfte används spelfilm? Studien har sin utgångspunkt i två vetenskapliga teorier, den sociokulturella teorin och den socialsemiotiska teorin. Undersökningen utgörs av kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer där fem lärare delgett sitt arbete med spelfilm i svenskundervisningen. I resultatet framkommer det att samtliga lärare arbetar med spelfilm med att detta sker på olika vis, med olika syften och i varierande utsträckning. Film används oftast i kombination med skönlitteratur men det förekommer även att film används utan att kombineras med skönlitteratur. Lärarna framför fördelar med film i undervisning och menar att det är ett bra sätt att anpassa och variera sin undervisning på samt att film kan levandegöra en berättelse genom att förse elever med bilder vilket inte erbjuds vid läsning av ett skönlitterärt verk. / According to a curriculum for compulsory school, pre-school class and leisure-time school 2011, revised in 2018, students will be given the opportunity to meet film in Swedish teaching. Although it is not explicitly expressed in the syllabus for Swedish, it is nevertheless apparent in the following description that film should be included in the teaching: "texts that combine words, images and sounds [...]" (Swedish National Agency for Education, 2018, p. 260). The purpose of this study is to investigate how teachers work with motion picture in the Swedish topic in grades 4-6. To fulfill this purpose, the following issues were formulated: To what extent are motion picture used? How to use motion picture? For what purpose are motion picture used? The study is based on two scientific theories, the socio-cultural theory and the social semiotic theory. The study consists of qualitative semi-structured interviews where five teachers submitted their work with motion picture in Swedish teaching. In the result, it appears that all teachers work with motion picture but with the fact that this is done in different ways, with different purposes and to varying degrees. Film is most often used in combination with fiction but it also occurs that film is used without being combined with fiction. The teachers present advantages of film in teaching and state that it is a good way to adapt and vary their teaching, but also that film can bring a story to life by providing students with pictures which is not offered when reading a fictional work.

The purpose of the study is to investigate the working methods and teaching methods used by Swedish teachers in grade 5 at two different schools in Västerort, and how these six swedish teachers argue about fiction and their influence on the development of word understanding by second language speakers. During this study, qualitative methods are used, in the form of observations and interviews.  To fulfill the purpose of my survey, I have formulated the following two questions: 1.      How do the six different Swedish teachers work in the classroom to promote the wording of second language speakers in reading fictional texts? 2.      How do the six Swedish teachers reason about their work on the understanding of words and fiction, as well as the connection between them? The result of the study shows that the six participating Swedish teachers in two different schools mention and use different successful teaching methods and practices that promote the development of word understanding by second language speakers. The survey also shows that fictional texts are used with the purpose of developing the vocabulary of second language speakers, word learning and word understanding. The study shows that all participating Swedish teachers argue, and work based on a multimodal approach, where images, own experiences, student prerequisites and illustrations are used as teaching methods. Furthermore, the study shows that all teachers agree on what they regard as successful working methods. Explicit and implicit teaching, reading, discussion, conversation, full-class work, small groups and in pairs are what the teachers mention and choose to work with in conjunction with fictional texts. Conversation and discussion about the reading fiction and the unknown word together make it possible for interaction and support.

The purpose of this thesis is to study how four different Swedish teachers in elementary school are teaching pupils reading comprehension to develop the low-performing pupils. To investigate and find out this I intend to try to answer the following questions: What strategies / methods / support structures do the teachers consider to help the lowperforming pupils understand the content of texts? How does the teacher reflect on the support the pupils receive? What types of questions do the teachers use in the text talks to support the pupils in developing their reading skills? The research questions are answered by qualitative methods in forms of interviews and observations. The theoretical point of view of the study is Lev Vygotsky's socio-cultural perspective, where Vygotsky describes how children develop when interacting with other people. Because teachers are the ones helping pupils develop, I will investigate how the interviewed teachers are working with those pupils and whether they believe this theory helps and guides the low-performing pupils forward in the learning process. The results of the study show that all the interviewed teachers agree on that pupils develop their reading skills when interacting with more competent classmates because it increases their ability to absorb information.