The diploma thesis focus on evaluation of co-operative housing construction as one of the way from current credit crisis of financing of housing construction. Specifies and evaluate individual types of financig of new housing construction and apply it on model example. Evaluation is based on analysis of present circumstances of housing construction and trend of mortgage loans. In this evaluation also looks at subvene of new housing construction. At the same time looks on an alternative of non-profit co-operative housing construction.

Bakgrund I Sverige har kommunerna ansvar för att alla invånare har tillgång till bra bostäder. För att kunna erbjuda bra bostadsalternativ som gör att fler vill bosätta sig i kommunen krävs att det finns mark för bostäder. Idag finns fastigheter bildade för bostadsändamål som inte har blivit bebyggda. I kommuner där det råder bostadsbrist och det finns en tydlig efterfrågan på mark för bostadsändamål är det viktigt att ta reda på varför fastigheterna inte blir bebyggda. Tidigare studier har utförts som i stort behandlar faktorer som kan förhindra bostadsbyggandet men privata fastighetsägares motiv till att inte bebygga sina fastigheter är ett outrett område. Syfte Examensarbetets syfte var att undersöka vilka motiv fastighetsägare har för att behålla sina fastigheter obebyggda och undersöka vilka faktorer som kan hindra en fastighetsägare från att bebygga sin fastighet. Examensarbetet begränsades till att omfatta privata fastighetsägare och fastigheter bildade för småhusändamål samt geografiskt till att omfatta Uppsala kommun. Metod Examensarbetet består av en litteraturstudie med syfte att ge en juridisk bakgrund till arbetet samt att undersöka vad som förhindrar byggandet av bostäder. För att besvara frågan varför fastighetsägare inte bebygger sina fastigheter samlades information in genom en enkätundersökning. Slutsats Slutsatsen är att de flesta fastighetsägare inte har för avsikt att bebygga fastigheten. Många har även fått fastigheten i arv eller gåva och därmed inte gjort ett aktivt val att förvärva fastigheten. Även att många innehar fastigheten i syfte att förhindra någon annan att bebygga den framkom av enkätundersökningen. För den enskilde fastighetsägaren är det särskilt plan- och bygglovsprocessen och kostnaderna för att bygga som förhindrar ett byggande. / Background The municipalities in Sweden have the responsibility for the inhabitants to have access to good homes. To be able to offer good homes so that more people could settle in a community it is necessary that there is land for housing construction. Today there are properties created to be used for housing construction that has not been developed. In communities where there are housing shortage and a high demand on land for housing it is important to find the reasons why the land is not developed. Earlier studies have been done that investigates the general elements that can stop the housing construction. However the reasons why private landowners do not develop their land are an uninvestigated area. Objective The objective with this thesis was to investigate which purposes private landowners has to keep their properties undeveloped and to see which elements can prevent a landowner not build on his property. The thesis was defined to comprise only private land owners and geographical to comprise the municipality of Uppsala. Method The thesis contain of one literature review with purpose to give a juridical background of the thesis and to explore what prevent the housing construction. To answer the question why landowners do not build on their land information was collected through a questionnaire. Conclusions The conclusion is that most of the property owners do not have an intention to build on their property. Many have received the property as a gift or through inheritance and consequently have not made an active choice to purchase the property. Also that many hold the property in order to prevent someone else to build was discovered in the questionnaire. For the private land owner the planning and building process and the costs for building are the most important

<p>Broadly discussed in the literature the concept of project success still remains ambiguously defined. The well known success criteria like time, cost and quality does not provide any practical nformation of achieving of project objectives in an efficient way. Identification of main drivers of project success gain particular importance for companies in the light of highly competitive environment.</p><p>Housing construction projects represent one of the largest sector in construction industry and Ukrainian housing construction industry is considered to have one of the highest rate of return in EU. However the amount of research related to Ukrainian market is limited to few general economy overviews published by such organizations like World Bank and big consulting firms.</p><p>The main aim of this research is identification of the most influential success factors from the 26 factors identified in existing project management literature. The analysis was performed in a highly profitable housing construction industry with a focus on Ukrainian market peculiarities.</p><p>A questionnaire survey was sent to 110 experienced housing construction project managers and 26 responses there received. Based on the findings of the questionnaire success factors were ranked according to their impact on project success. In addition success factors interrelationship was studied in order to study the importance of each factor in depth.</p><p>The findings of the research contributed both to project management field of study and Ukrainian construction market research. A primary and support areas of success factors were identified which might serve as a practical guide for managing housing construction projects in Ukraine. The most important success factors were defined: economic environment, project manager’s experience and qualification of project team.</p><p>Project managers in housing construction industry in Ukraine would probably consider being more aware of the dominance of environment and human recourses related success factors. Additionally, success factors interrelation matrix might be used as a success diffusion map.</p><p>Further research might be also essential in this area like studying different types of project and expanding the focus of current study or analysing the importance of success factors on different stages of the project life cycle.</p>

Broadly discussed in the literature the concept of project success still remains ambiguously defined. The well known success criteria like time, cost and quality does not provide any practical nformation of achieving of project objectives in an efficient way. Identification of main drivers of project success gain particular importance for companies in the light of highly competitive environment. Housing construction projects represent one of the largest sector in construction industry and Ukrainian housing construction industry is considered to have one of the highest rate of return in EU. However the amount of research related to Ukrainian market is limited to few general economy overviews published by such organizations like World Bank and big consulting firms. The main aim of this research is identification of the most influential success factors from the 26 factors identified in existing project management literature. The analysis was performed in a highly profitable housing construction industry with a focus on Ukrainian market peculiarities. A questionnaire survey was sent to 110 experienced housing construction project managers and 26 responses there received. Based on the findings of the questionnaire success factors were ranked according to their impact on project success. In addition success factors interrelationship was studied in order to study the importance of each factor in depth. The findings of the research contributed both to project management field of study and Ukrainian construction market research. A primary and support areas of success factors were identified which might serve as a practical guide for managing housing construction projects in Ukraine. The most important success factors were defined: economic environment, project manager’s experience and qualification of project team. Project managers in housing construction industry in Ukraine would probably consider being more aware of the dominance of environment and human recourses related success factors. Additionally, success factors interrelation matrix might be used as a success diffusion map. Further research might be also essential in this area like studying different types of project and expanding the focus of current study or analysing the importance of success factors on different stages of the project life cycle.

Licentiatavhandling (sammanfattning) Luleå : Luleå tekniska universitet, 2005. / Härtill 3 uppsatser + 2 appendix.

This thesis is focused on the analysis of the housing construction developmental tendencies in selected Czech cities and in their hinterlands. Housing construction is considered as the main indicator of the ongoing suburbanization process. The housing construction analysis covers the last twenty years (1997-2016), because in the mid-1990s suburbanization in Czechia has begun to intensify. The development of housing construction is at first analysed at the level of all municipalities of Czechia, using spatial data analysis. In the next sections of the thesis the development of housing construction and population changes are analysed in the defined functional regions of 120 selected cities. These cities are categorized into groups based on their population size and economic characteristics. The results show an increase of housing construction in the cities' hinterlands, which has been dampened due to the economic crisis. Differences in the development of housing construction between functional regions of cities with different population size and economic categories were successfully demonstrated. There are also other factors influencing housing construction and population changes in cities' functional regions. Especially, the geographical position appears to be of great significance, since the cities...

The thesis deals with a chronologicall detailed mapping of the evolution of interwar Czechoslovakia housing policy instruments, taking into account the needs of the population at that time. Prior to the analysis of the topic, the thesis offers the characteristics of housing policy and the housing market. As part of the expert discussion on the impact of specific housing policy instruments on the housing market and the entire economy, conclusions are drawn on how successful housing policy should look like. Although the work is focused on the interwar Czechoslovakia, a brief overview of the housing policy implemented in Austria-Hungary is also included for a proper understanding of the functioning of the Czechoslovak housing policy. This thesis chronologically analyzes the legislative framework and impacts of individual housing policy instruments in Czechoslovakia. There is a finding that Czechoslovak housing policy had a clear concept, was relatively predictable and significantly improved during the period in provision of services required by poor people. In the later years, it also managed to better adapt to the changing economic situations. Conclusions of the thesis are mainly supported by study of period sources, which have the character of monographs or studies and especially periodically published statistical reports and yearbooks.

This thesis deals with the evolution of prices in the housing market within the Czech Republic. The model of capital stock was used for this purpose. The factors that affect the price evolution were the size of income, the size of the first time buyer population, and the anticipated VAT change on new housing. Various evolution scenarios were presented under various conditions. Housing market in the Czech Republic as a whole and the market in the capital particularly were considered. In the case of the Czech Republic both real and simulated prices reached their peak in 2009, simulated price was 7 % lower than real. Concerning Prague, the real price peak happened in 2008, while the estimated price was 19 % lower compared to real prices.

Das Ziel dieser Masterarbeit ist es, die Veränderungen der Strategien von Projektentwickler*innen mit Bezug auf den Dresdner Wohnungsmarkt von 2010 bis 2019 zu untersuchen. Projektentwickler*innen entwerfen ihre Strategie dabei selbstständig und unter Berücksichtigung des lokalen Wohnungsmarkts und internationaler Finanzmarktentwicklungen. Im ersten Teil der Arbeit wird dazu die Situation für Geschosswohnungsneubau anhand wohnungsmarktbezogener Parameter und einem historischen Überblick über lokale Stadtentwicklung und Wohnungspolitik vorgestellt. Während der Geschosswohnungsneubau im Untersuchungszeitraum in Bezug auf Wohneinheiten und Projektgröße stark zugenommen hat, ist das Preisniveau in allen Teil- und vorgelagerten Märkten angestiegen. Im zweiten Teil werden verschiedene Strategien der Projektentwickler*innen und deren Veränderungen untersucht. Strategien, Herausforderungen und Veränderungen werden durch Leitfadeninterviews und eine strukturierende qualitative Inhaltsanalyse herausgearbeitet. Es wird gezeigt, dass viele neue Projektentwickler*innen nach Dresden gekommen sind und auch lokale Akteur*innen sich stärker an Investor*innen als an den Nutzer*innen der neuen Wohnungen orientiert haben. Die immobiliengeographische Arbeit hat Bezüge zur wohnraumbezogenen Finanzialisierungsforschung und zur Forschung zu Unternehmensstrategien. Gegenüber Arbeiten mit einem ähnlichen Erkenntnisinteresse, wie von Laura Calbet (2017) oder Alice Romainville (2017), setzt diese Arbeit mit dem Begriff der Strategie einen stärkeren Fokus auf Projektentwickler*innen als handelnde Subjekte.:Zusammenfassung III Abstract IV Abbildungen und Karten VIII Tabellen VIII Abkürzungen IX 1 Einleitung 1 1.1 „Bauen, Bauen, Bauen“ 1 1.2 Ziel und Fragestellungen der Arbeit 3 1.3 Aufbau der Arbeit 5 2 Stand der Forschung 6 2.1 Geschosswohnungsneubau im Wohnungsmarkt 6 2.1.1 Die Grenzen des Wohnungsmarktes 6 2.1.2 Wohnungsbau in angespannten Wohnungsmärkten 8 2.1.3 Die Grundrente und Bodenpreise 9 2.2 Akteur*innen und Perspektiven im Geschosswohnungsbau 12 2.3 Die produktive Sphäre des Geschosswohnungsneubaus 13 2.3.1 Projektentwicklung 13 2.3.2 Phasen der Projektentwicklung 14 2.3.3 Unterscheidung von Projektentwickler*innen 16 2.3.4 Strategien von Projektentwickler*innen 18 2.4 Geschosswohnungsneubau als kommunales Handlungsfeld 21 2.5 Geschosswohnungsneubau im Finanzmarkt 23 2.5.1 Weltsystemtheorie 24 2.5.2 Finanzialisierung des Wohnungsmarkts 26 2.5.3 Finanzialisierung der Projektentwicklung 28 3 Methodisches Vorgehen 31 3.1 Konzeptionelle Vorgehensweise 31 3.2 Die Wohnungsneubausituation beschreibende Methoden 32 3.3 Methoden zur Identifikation lokaler Strategien der Projektentwicklung 33 3.3.1 Leitfadeninterviews 33 3.3.2 Transkription 35 3.3.3 Strukturierende qualitative Inhaltsanalyse 36 4 Vorstellung des Untersuchungsgebiets 38 4.1 Allgemeines zur Stadt Dresden 38 4.2 Die Stadt Dresden als immobilienwirtschaftlicher Standort 38 4.3 Bevölkerungsentwicklung und -prognosen 40 5 Die Dresdner Wohnungsmarktsituation und Geschosswohnungsneubau 42 5.1 Geschosswohnungsneubau in Dresden 42 5.1.1 Chronologie des Geschosswohnungsneubaus 42 5.1.2 Entwicklung der Vorhabengröße 44 5.1.3 Raumzeitliche Verteilung des Wohnungsneubaus in Dresden 45 5.2 Veränderungen der Baukosten 51 5.3 Flächenverfügbarkeit und Bodenpreise 52 5.4 Mietentwicklung 54 5.5 Preisentwicklung für Eigentumswohnungen 55 5.6 Leerstandentwicklung 58 5.7 Wohnungsbedarfsprognosen 59 5.8 Stadtentwicklung in Dresden 60 5.8.1 Schlüsselmomente der wohnraumbezogenen Stadtentwicklung 63 5.8.2 1998 bis 2006: Entspannungsphase mit finanziellen Engpässen 65 5.8.3 2006 bis 2010: Von der Schrumpfung zum zarten Optimismus 66 5.8.4 2010 bis 2014: Initialphase einer Baukonjunktur und Wohnungspolitik 67 5.8.5 2014 bis 2020: Hochphase des Neubaus und soziale Wohnungspolitik 68 5.9 Zusammengefasste Entwicklung 70 6 Strategien und Akteur*innen im Dresdner Geschosswohnungsneubau 72 6.1 Projektentwickler*innen in Dresden 72 6.1.1 Developer*innentypen 74 6.1.2 Unternehmensgröße 74 6.1.3 Skala der Developer*innen 74 6.1.4 Geschäftsmodelle nach Calbet i Elias 75 6.2 Strategien im Dresdner Geschosswohnungsneubau 76 6.2.1 Fünf Ausrichtungen von Strategien 76 6.2.2 Variationen in den Phasen der Projektentwicklung 80 6.3 Herausforderungen in der Projektentwicklung 84 6.3.1 Marktbezogene Herausforderungen 85 6.3.2 Durch Stadtentwicklungsplanung ausgelöste Herausforderungen 87 6.3.3 Hintergrundentwicklungen 88 6.4 Veränderungen der Strategien 89 6.4.1 Intensivierung etablierter Strategien und Umgang mit Risiken 89 6.4.2 Investor*innenorientierung 91 6.4.3 Ansprache bestimmter Zielgruppen 92 6.4.4 Preisgünstiger und geförderter Wohnungsneubau 93 6.4.5 Andere Lagen 93 6.4.6 Kommen und Gehen von Developer*innen 95 6.4.7 Kein Ende in Sicht? 96 7 Finanzialisierung der Dresdner Projektentwicklung 97 8 Resümee und Ausblick 100 8.1 Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse 100 8.2 Konzeptionelle und empirische Grenzen der Arbeit 103 8.3 Anknüpfungspunkte zukünftiger Forschung 104 9 Literaturverzeichnis 106 / The aim of this master's thesis is to examine the changes in the strategies of real estate developers regarding the Dresden housing market from 2010 to 2019. The developers design their strategy, considering international financial market developments and the local housing market. For this purpose, in the first part of the work the situation for new multi-storey residential construction is presented based on housing market-related parameters and a historical overview of local urban development and housing policy. While the construction of new multi-storey buildings has increased strongly in the period of interest in terms of housing units and project size, the price level in all sub- and upstream markets has risen. In the second part various strategies of real estate developers in Dresden and their changes are investigated. Strategies, challenges, and changes are elaborated through guided interviews and a structuring qualitative content analysis. It is found that many new real estate developers came to Dresden and local actors oriented more towards investors than towards the residents of their new-built flats. This thesis in the field of real estate geography is related to housing-related financialization research and research on corporate strategies. In contrast to recent works by Laura Calbet (2017) and Alice Romainville (2017), this work uses the concept of strategy to focus more on developers as formative subjects in the process of construction.:Zusammenfassung III Abstract IV Abbildungen und Karten VIII Tabellen VIII Abkürzungen IX 1 Einleitung 1 1.1 „Bauen, Bauen, Bauen“ 1 1.2 Ziel und Fragestellungen der Arbeit 3 1.3 Aufbau der Arbeit 5 2 Stand der Forschung 6 2.1 Geschosswohnungsneubau im Wohnungsmarkt 6 2.1.1 Die Grenzen des Wohnungsmarktes 6 2.1.2 Wohnungsbau in angespannten Wohnungsmärkten 8 2.1.3 Die Grundrente und Bodenpreise 9 2.2 Akteur*innen und Perspektiven im Geschosswohnungsbau 12 2.3 Die produktive Sphäre des Geschosswohnungsneubaus 13 2.3.1 Projektentwicklung 13 2.3.2 Phasen der Projektentwicklung 14 2.3.3 Unterscheidung von Projektentwickler*innen 16 2.3.4 Strategien von Projektentwickler*innen 18 2.4 Geschosswohnungsneubau als kommunales Handlungsfeld 21 2.5 Geschosswohnungsneubau im Finanzmarkt 23 2.5.1 Weltsystemtheorie 24 2.5.2 Finanzialisierung des Wohnungsmarkts 26 2.5.3 Finanzialisierung der Projektentwicklung 28 3 Methodisches Vorgehen 31 3.1 Konzeptionelle Vorgehensweise 31 3.2 Die Wohnungsneubausituation beschreibende Methoden 32 3.3 Methoden zur Identifikation lokaler Strategien der Projektentwicklung 33 3.3.1 Leitfadeninterviews 33 3.3.2 Transkription 35 3.3.3 Strukturierende qualitative Inhaltsanalyse 36 4 Vorstellung des Untersuchungsgebiets 38 4.1 Allgemeines zur Stadt Dresden 38 4.2 Die Stadt Dresden als immobilienwirtschaftlicher Standort 38 4.3 Bevölkerungsentwicklung und -prognosen 40 5 Die Dresdner Wohnungsmarktsituation und Geschosswohnungsneubau 42 5.1 Geschosswohnungsneubau in Dresden 42 5.1.1 Chronologie des Geschosswohnungsneubaus 42 5.1.2 Entwicklung der Vorhabengröße 44 5.1.3 Raumzeitliche Verteilung des Wohnungsneubaus in Dresden 45 5.2 Veränderungen der Baukosten 51 5.3 Flächenverfügbarkeit und Bodenpreise 52 5.4 Mietentwicklung 54 5.5 Preisentwicklung für Eigentumswohnungen 55 5.6 Leerstandentwicklung 58 5.7 Wohnungsbedarfsprognosen 59 5.8 Stadtentwicklung in Dresden 60 5.8.1 Schlüsselmomente der wohnraumbezogenen Stadtentwicklung 63 5.8.2 1998 bis 2006: Entspannungsphase mit finanziellen Engpässen 65 5.8.3 2006 bis 2010: Von der Schrumpfung zum zarten Optimismus 66 5.8.4 2010 bis 2014: Initialphase einer Baukonjunktur und Wohnungspolitik 67 5.8.5 2014 bis 2020: Hochphase des Neubaus und soziale Wohnungspolitik 68 5.9 Zusammengefasste Entwicklung 70 6 Strategien und Akteur*innen im Dresdner Geschosswohnungsneubau 72 6.1 Projektentwickler*innen in Dresden 72 6.1.1 Developer*innentypen 74 6.1.2 Unternehmensgröße 74 6.1.3 Skala der Developer*innen 74 6.1.4 Geschäftsmodelle nach Calbet i Elias 75 6.2 Strategien im Dresdner Geschosswohnungsneubau 76 6.2.1 Fünf Ausrichtungen von Strategien 76 6.2.2 Variationen in den Phasen der Projektentwicklung 80 6.3 Herausforderungen in der Projektentwicklung 84 6.3.1 Marktbezogene Herausforderungen 85 6.3.2 Durch Stadtentwicklungsplanung ausgelöste Herausforderungen 87 6.3.3 Hintergrundentwicklungen 88 6.4 Veränderungen der Strategien 89 6.4.1 Intensivierung etablierter Strategien und Umgang mit Risiken 89 6.4.2 Investor*innenorientierung 91 6.4.3 Ansprache bestimmter Zielgruppen 92 6.4.4 Preisgünstiger und geförderter Wohnungsneubau 93 6.4.5 Andere Lagen 93 6.4.6 Kommen und Gehen von Developer*innen 95 6.4.7 Kein Ende in Sicht? 96 7 Finanzialisierung der Dresdner Projektentwicklung 97 8 Resümee und Ausblick 100 8.1 Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse 100 8.2 Konzeptionelle und empirische Grenzen der Arbeit 103 8.3 Anknüpfungspunkte zukünftiger Forschung 104 9 Literaturverzeichnis 106

Main concerns in the building industry includes the development of alternative building materials that reduces the amount of energy spent during manufacturing process and easier to work with. Wood-crete is a composite material developed in this study, made up of wood waste (sawdust), paper, tradical lime and water. Wood-crete is developed to provide an alternative material in construction solving problems associated with the delivery of low-cost housing across all income earners, reducing the amount of energy spent during manufacturing process of construction materials and the ease with which these construction materials are developed and solve issues related to waste management. This thesis presents the processing technologies, factors which affect the performance and properties of wood-crete. Wood-crete properties were found to be closely related to the composition of the constituent elements though compressive strength and modulus of elasticity were low when compared to other building materials like concrete and steel. In a bid to improve the strength of the developed wood-crete, the properties were investigated based on the modification of sawdust by hot water boiling and alkaline treatments which help to modify cellulose fibre surface to reduce the hydrophilic nature of sawdust thereby improving the sawdust-matrix bonding. It was found that the surface modification, processing of cellulosic fibril and the extraction of lignin and hemi-cellulosic compounds with alkali had an effect on the compressive strength of wood-crete, with treating sawdust with 4% NaOH at 140mins of boiling time achieving the highest compressive strength and boiling sawdust from 100mins to 140mins had a gradual increase in compressive strength but reduced at higher boiling time. Furthermore, treating sawdust with NaOH more than 4% weakened the individual wood particles thus leading to poor strength of wood-crete. Additionally, the properties of wood-crete were investigated based on the type of wood sawdust – hardwood (beech and oak) and softwood (pine and cedar). Apart from individual wood density having a significant effect on the density of wood-crete, other factors such as lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose contents including fibre length of individual wood species affect the strength properties of wood-crete. The compressive strength of wood-crete was closely related to the wood species, with highest compressive strength of 3.93MPa recorded for hardwood wood-crete compared to 1.37MPa and 0.26MPa of wood-crete from softwood and mixed wood respectively. Results from thermal conductivity tests on wood-crete also show that wood-crete blocks can be produced with good insulating properties for building construction. Addition of different types of paper fibres to reduce the density of wood-crete and improve the insulating properties of composite developed also had a dominant influence on both strength and thermal conductivity, reflecting its effect on the structure of composite and contribution of self strength of paper fibres. The addition of various percentages of waste paper (de-fibred) had a significant influence on the thermal conductivity of wood-crete with 75% addition of waste paper achieving a thermal conductivity value of 0.046W/mK performed with the TCi thermal conductivity analyser. Thermal conductivity results for wood-crete made from hardwood and softwood sawdust was closely related to the chemical composition of various wood species, with softwood wood-crete having about 20% lower thermal conductivity compared to hardwood wood-crete. The developed wood-crete was able to withstand impact load and considered, like hempcrete, most suitable for wall panelling or other non- and semi-structural applications with good thermal insulating properties. Findings of this study provides an alternative new material for the construction industry and an important background for achieving better strength of wood-crete, choosing what type of sawdust to be used for development of wood-crete and for directing a better use of this potential material with very small embodied energy and carbon negative.