No description available.

Orientador: Ariovaldo Pereira da Cruz-Neto / Banca: Denis Otavio Vieira de Andrade / Banca: Elisabeth Spinelli de Oliveira / Banca: Thomas Puettker / Banca: Ricardo Siqueira Bovendorp / Resumo: O uso de conceitos e metodologia da fisiologia para análise de problemas conservacionistas tem um longo histórico, e sua abordagem vai além de uma descrição de padrões de respostas, incluindo também a compreensão detalhada dos fatores mecanísticos subjacentes aos problemas da conservação. A fragmentação e a degradação do habitat resultam em mudanças no ambiente físico, que afetam diretamente parâmetros fisiológicos associados ao balanço hídrico. Animais que habitam esses ambientes altamente modificados podem estar submetidos a um estresse hídrico, e para estes animais o uso de parâmetros do balanço hídrico como medida da capacidade fisiológica da manutenção da homeostase é de grande importância. Estudos dos efeitos da fragmentação da Mata Atlântica sobre a abundância e riqueza de espécies de roedores mostram a existência de respostas diferencias à fragmentação. A presente tese aborda este padrão de respostas sob uma ótica integrativa, através da análise dos parâmetros associados à manutenção do balanço hídrico, e com o objetivo de fornecer evidências sobre as possíveis causas mecanísticas destas respostas. Para isso utilizamos um clássico protocolo de privação de água, somado à avaliação de efeitos da temperatura e à comparação entre diferentes populações de habitats com características climáticas diferentes. Seus resultados sugerem que as espécies Akodon montensis, Euryoryzomys russatus e Oligoryzomys nigripes possuem diferentes tolerâncias à privação de água, e que esta diferença pode estar relacionada à plasticidade fisiológica inerente a cada espécie. A análise dos componentes envolvidos no balanço hídrico evidenciou diferenças entre A. montensis e E. russatus, tendo a primeira apresentando maior plasticidade dos parâmetros avaliados, resultando em maior tolerância à privação de água. Somada à privação de água, a elevação da temperatura induziu uma... / Abstract: The use of concepts and metodologies of Phisiology to analise conservation issues has long history, and its approach goes further than describing response patterns, including also detailed comprehention of the mechanistic factors underlying conservations problems. Fragmentation and degradation of habitat result in changes on the physical environment, which directly affect physiological traits assotiated with water balance. Animals that inhabit these highly modified environments might be under water stress, and for those animals, using traits of water balance as a measure of physiological capacity for maintening homeostasis is of great value. Studies of the effects of the Atlantic Forest fragmentation on the abundance and richness of rodent species show the existence of differential response to fragmentation. This thesis addresses these patterns of responses under an integrative perspective through the analisis of parameters associated to the maintenence of water balance, and in order to provide evidences about the possible mechanistics causes of these responses. For that we used a classical protocol of water deprivation, added to the effects of temperature and to the comparison among different populations from habitats with distinct climate characteristics. The results suggest that the species Akodon montensis, Euryorysozomys russatus and Oligoryzomys nigripes hold different tolerances to water deprivation, and these differences might be related to the physiological plasticity intrinsic of each species. The analisis of the components involved in water balance revealed differences between A. montensis and E. russatus, the first one presenting a higher plasticity on the evaluated traits, which result on higher tolerance to water deprivation. Added to water deprivation, the rising of temperature induced a series of alterations on the evaluated parameters in A. montensis, imposing higher pressure on the water balance maintenance, triggering ... / Doutor

This thesis pursues amphibian biotop preferences in locations where moldavites were quarried in the past. Field work took place in two localities near Trhové Sviny. The first one is situated near the village of Slavče where an illegal extraction still occures,.The second locality is found by the village of Dobrkovská Lhotka. This locality was partially recultivated in 2010. The aim of this work was to establish which factors do influence different amphibian species in the both studied locations. There were found five various species of amphibians near the village of Slavče: the Common frog (Rana temporaria), the Edible frog (Pelophylax kl. esculentus), the European fire-bellied toad (Bombina bombina), the European tree frog (Hyla arborea) and the Common toad (Bufo bufo). The results were statistically evaluated. Based on them it was established that the Common frog prefers the herb layer, the European Fire-bellied toad prefers semi shaded medium sized pools that do not dry up. The European tree frog and the Edible frog prefer large areas of pools and ponds. More over the edible frog demands ponds that are partially overgrown. The Common toad was represented only with one single individual. Therefore a statistical analasys could not be executed. The whole locality is negatively influenced by local inhabitants who gather here manure and organic waste from their gardens. On locality located near to Dobrkovská Lhotka was transformed from a mining landscape to a pond and three pools. All amphibian species that lived in the locality before reclamation were still present here. Occurrence of Common spadefoot (Pelobates fuscus) was confirmed by the unique finding of a tadpole. Statistical evaluation was not conducted due to the small number and variability of monitored sites.

Univ., Diss.--Würzburg, 1999. / Literaturverz. S. 235 - 246.

Thesis (M.S.)--Miami University, Dept. of Zoology, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references.

Permanent grassland in agricultural landscapes represents an important position in terms of biodiversity. Becoming a habitat of endangered plant species, they are rich in flowering plants and also provide wintering territories to many animals. The aim of this study is to assess the biomass production of grassland for energy recovery, describe ways to use herbaceous biomass and impact of digestate on species composition and productivity of grassland. The experiment was conducted on the land in the village Dmýštice, located in the county of Písek. The site of fertilization by digestate is located near the village of Novosedly, county Strakonice. On these lands there were monitored ecological conditions of grasslands, dates and intensity of their use, botanical composition, species diversity and biomass production. Furthermore, this thesis uses methods of preservation of harvested biomass and comparing fertilized and unfertilized plots. The obtained data were used to calculate the Simpson index species diversity, nutrient and water mode positions. The values were statistically processed.

Resumo: A reintrodução de indivíduos em locais adequados e uma ferramenta importante para o restabelecimento de populações ameaçadas, em áreas onde previamente ocorriam. Contudo, populações recém-reintroduzidas frequentemente sofrem alta mortalidade. Assim, uma espécie reintroduzida deve ser monitorada, a obtenção de dados relevantes que evidenciem sucesso ou falha do projeto, para melhorar as estratégias futuras de reintrodução. O mutum-do-sudeste Crax blumenbachii (Galliformes, Cracidae) é endêmico da parte sudeste da Mata Atlântica brasileira. Atualmente é considerado "em perigo" de extinção, devido principalmente à caça e à destruição do habitat. Programas de reintrodução da espécie foram realizados na década de 1990, mas atualmente poucos dados publicados existem sobre o sucesso ou falha destes projetos. Os objetivos foram 1) identificar causas de mortalidade de mutuns-do-sudeste reintroduzidos, durante a fase de adaptação no viveiro e após a liberação; (2) detectar o período de maior vulnerabilidade dos animais após a liberação; (3) analisar possíveis diferenças na probabilidade de sobrevivência entre sexos, grupos de liberação e comportamento manso/arisco; (4) estimar o tamanho de área de vida de mutuns-do-sudeste reintroduzidos, levando em consideração alguns fatores como o sexo, idade, dominância/ submissão, comportamento manso/arisco e tempo de monitoramento; (5) analisar padrões na fidelidade à area de vida; (6) verificar se houve interação social entre mutuns-do­sudeste e (7) identificar padrões no uso de habitats. Entre agosto de 2006 e outubro de 2008, 53 mutuns-do-sudeste nascidos em cativeiro (CRAX, Contagem, MG, Brasil), portando rádio-transmissor VHF do tipo mochila, foram transferidos para a Reserva Ecológica de Guapiaçu (REGUA, Cachoeiras de Macacu, RJ, Brasil) . Durante o período de adaptação, cinco aves morreram no viveiro... (Resumo completo clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo / Abstract: Reintroduction of individuals into suitable habitat is an important technique for the restoration of endangered species populations in areas where they once existed. However, newly re-established populations often experience significantly higher mortality probability following reintroduction. Careful considerations must therefore be given to the release and monitoring of individuals to obtain relevant data on the success and failure of reintroduction projects to improve future reintroduction strategies. The Red-billed Curassow Crax blumenbachii (Galliformes, Cracidae) is an endemic bird species restricted to the southeast Atlantic rainforest. The species is currently endangered due to severe hunting and habitat loss. Reintroduction programs are currently underway to help restore wild populations, but to date, few data exist regarding the success of failure of these reintroductions. The aims of this research are: 1) to identify principal causes of mortality of reintroduced birds during the adaptation period in the release pen, and post-release; (2) to identify periods of vulnerability for birds post-release; (3) to analyze variations in survival probabilities between gender, different reintroduced groups, and between individuals exhibiting dominant or submissive behavioral traits; (4) to assess factors influencing variation in , home range size estimation; (5) to identify patterns of home range fidelity; (6) to quantify social interaction between individuals; (7) to identify patterns of habitat usage. Between August 2006 and October 2008, 53 birds were transport from the CRAX breeding center at Contagem to the Reserva Ecológica de Guapiaçu (REGUA), and were fitted with backpack transmitters. During the adaptation period in the release pen, five birds died due to dominance behavior of some individuals. There was annual survival probability post-release of 76%... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Mauro Galetti Rodrigues / Coorientador: Fabio Olmos / Banca: Fernando Antonio dos Santos Fernandez / Banca: Marco Aurelio Pizo Ferreira / Banca: Luis Fabio Silveira / Banca: Fernanda Michalski / Doutor

There are number of future projections of species' geographic ranges developed under conditions of ongoing climate change. However, only a few studies have assessed what are the characteristics of species explaining interspecific variability in the projected range shifts. Examination of such relationships is important for development of effective conservation strategies mitigating the effects of climatic changes. For this purpose, I calculated the predicted shifts of European ranges in Czech birds based on maps in A Climatic Atlas of European Breeding Birds and explored relationships between these predicted shifts and several ecological traits. We found significant effects of the type of European distribution and habitat requirements. Concerning the type of European distribution, the largest shift is predicted in the central species and the northern species compared to widespread and southern species. According to the habitat type, the largest shift showed forest birds in contrast to the urban species which will shift slightly. The former pattern is probably attributable to spatial constrains different among these specific groups (central species are less limited compared to widespread species). The latter pattern could be explained by higher sensitivity of forest species to climatic changes...