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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Studies of semiconductors modified with nanoscale light absorbers for solar cell application /

Mahrov, Boriss, January 2004 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Univ., 2004. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.
12

Stacking faults in silicon carbide /

Iwata, Hisaomi. January 2003 (has links) (PDF)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Univ., 2003. / Härtill 9 uppsatser.
13

Magnetism of semiconductors and metallic multilayers /

Stanciu, Victor, January 2005 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Uppsala universitet, 2005. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.
14

Spectroscopy of semiconductor quantum dots /

Larsson, Mats, January 2005 (has links) (PDF)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Linköpings universitet, 2005. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.
15

Polymera solceller på färgtäckt tunnplåt : En genomförbarhetsstudie / Polymer solar cells on colour coated steel : A study of viability

Juteräng, David January 2012 (has links)
Den här uppsatsen handlar om att undersöka om polymera solceller kan tillverkas på stålsubstrat. Polymera solceller är ett alternativ till kristallina solceller och tunnfilmssolceller där organiska material med halvledaregenskaper, det vill säga konjugerade molekyler och polymerer, används för att tillverka det aktiva lagret i solceller. Ett framgångsrikt sätt att tillverka sådana solceller är att blanda givarmolekyler och mottagarmolekyler i det aktiva skiktet. Detta kallas för en bulk-heteroövergång. När ljuset faller på skiktet exciteras en elektron i givarmaterialet och överförs till mottagarmaterialet. Ett elektriskt fält transporterar ut elektronen till en kontakt. Det är detta som ger upphov till strömmen i en polymersolcell.   Polymera solceller har tillverkats på substrat av färgtäckt stål. Stålsubstratens ytegenskaper undersöktes för olika beläggningar och några potentiella substrat selekterades. Eftersom dessa substrat är ogenomskinliga behöver toppkontakten vara transparat. Detta kan uppnås genom att applicera solcellens skikt i omvänd ordning mot vad som är brukligt för polymera solceller. Den här typen av uppbyggnad kallas för en inverterad struktur och är lämplig för solceller på stål. En inverterad struktur användes med silver som bottenkontakt och PEDOT:PSS som toppkontakt. Det aktiva skiktet utgjordes av en blandning av poly-hexyltiofen och en fullerenderivat. De färdigtillverkade solcellernas elektriska egenskaper uppmättes och tydliga diodegenskaper noterades. Dock uppvisade solcellerna ingen fotoström. De aktuella substraten bedömdes vara för grova för att användas vid tillverkning av polymera solceller. Framtida studier bör inrikta sig på släta metallsubstrat istället. Alternativa tillvägagångssätt och förbättringar diskuteras.
16

New materials for gas sensitive field-effect device studies /

Salomonsson, Anette, January 2005 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Linköpings universitet, 2005. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.
17

Theoretical study of dilute magnetic semiconductors : Properties of (Ga,Mn)As

Staneva, Maya January 2010 (has links)
The dilute magnetic semiconductor (Ga,Mn)As , which is the most interesting and promising material for spintronics applications, has been theoretically studied by using Density Functional Theory. First of all, calculations on GaAs were done and it was found that GaAs is a semiconductor with a direct band gap. The calculated value of the band gap is ~ 0.5eV. Secondly, the material iron was considered and it was confirmed that iron is a ferromagnetic metal with 2.2µB net magnetic moment. Then a magnetic impurity of manganese, Mn was introduced in the nonmagnetic GaAs and it became ferromagnetic with a net magnetic moment of 4µB. The origin of the ferromagnetic behaviour is discussed and also the Curie temperature TC of the material. It appeared that (Ga,Mn)As is a suitable material for DMS but TC has to be increased before (Ga,Mn)As could be used for spintronics applications and on that account some methods of increasing TC are considered at the end. / Den magnetiska halvledaren (Ga,Mn)As som är det mest intressanta och lovande materialet för spinelektroniska tillämpningar har teoretiskt undersökts med hjälp av Täthetsfunktionalteorin. Först gjordes beräkningar på GaAs och det visade sig att GaAs är en halvledare med direkt bandgap. Det beräknade värdet på bandgapet är ca 0.5eV. Sedan var det järn som undersöktes och det blev bekräftat att järn är en ferromagnetisk metall med netto magnetisk moment lika med 2.2μB. Då magnetiska störningar i form av mangan atomer, Mn, infördes i det omagnetiska GaAs blev halvledaren ferromagnetisk med netto magnetisk moment lika med 4μB. Orsakerna till den ferromagnetiska ordningen diskuteras och även Curie temperaturen TC för materialet. Det visade sig att (Ga,Mn)As är ett lämpligt material för tillverkning av magnetiska halvledare men TC måste ökas innan (Ga,Mn)As skulle kunna användas i spinntroniska tillämpningar och av det skälet anges i slutet vissa metoder för att öka TC.
18

Design, synthesis and characterization of Dimethylammonium / Ethylammonium / Cesium Lead  Halide Perovskites for optoelectronic applications / Design, syntes och karaktärisering av dimetylammonium- / etylammonium- / cesiumblyhalidperovskiter för optoelektroniska applikationer

Ljungström, Elin, Hådén, Ellen, Lekberg, Lukas, Taherpour, Nima January 2020 (has links)
The world is facing a climate crisis and to be able to solve it society needs to decrease the use of fossil fuels and find renewable alternatives. Solar energy is a great contender for a renewable energy source since it can be harvested for eternal time. One of the problems with the solar cells available today is that they are more expensive than fossil alternatives, and the process of making them still uses a lot of resources and energy. However, in the last decade an alternative has arisen; perovskite solar cells. Due to the fact that perovskite solar cell production uses less energy and resources than the current silicon solar cell, perovskite solar cells are more cost effective. The main problem with perovskite solar cells is that they are too unstable and do not last very long. One way to stabilize them is to introduce one more cation and make hybrid perovskites. The purpose of this project was to synthesize a perovskite material with the chemical formula AA’PbI3 (A = Cs, A’ = dimethylammonium or ethylammonium) to see if any of the compositions would generate a stable black cubic phase, which is the optimal phase of the perovskite. Mesoporous N-I-P solar cells were created by a layer by layer deposition method. The perovskite layer was added using a spin-coater to deposit the perovskite solution. The films were then characterized using XRD and UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy. Due to the coronavirus pandemic of 2020, the hole transport material and gold electrode were not added to the solar cell. As a consequence of this, not all of the compositions were synthesised which also means that the results are not conclusive. It was observed that all of the films were yellow, which indicates that none of the perovskites achieved a cubic structure. An explanation could be that some parts of the synthesis needs to be done inside a glove box where the environmental variables like humidity could be controlled. The XRDs show that some films had the expected perovskite composition, while some perovskites had decomposed into its starting materials. For hybrid components and pure ethylammonium perovskite film it was harder to confirm our conclusion since no characterization of single crystals was available for these components. However, it was determined that the addition of cesium did make the perovskites more stable.
19

Development of an off-line silicon wafer warpage measuring tool / Utveckling av formmätningsverktyg för off-line mätning av vrängning hos kiselplattor

Čapas, Linas January 2020 (has links)
Warped wafers and all the issues arise with them. are known issue in semiconductor industry. To solve those issues, the shape of the wafer needs to be known precisely. Current way of working when it comes to warped wafers is far from ideal within the company. A batch of wafers is acquired at customer’s site and it is assumed, that all the wafers in the batch are warped identically. A single specimen, representing the whole batch, is then taken to external company to be measured. As the method of measuring currently used contaminates and scratches the wafer, wafer must be scrapped afterwards. All the logistics and scrapped wafers add unnecessary costs to the company.  To optimize the warpage measuring procedure, a graduation internship project was initiated with a goal to develop a prototype of the tool, enabling inhouse warpage measuring.  The report contains all the methodology used to reach the final concept and results and includes methods such as: WBS, GANTT chart, Functional breakdown, Design requirement specification, Morphological matrix and PUGH’s matrix.  Final concept of warpage measuring tool consisted of implementing wafer sorting apparatus for wafer handling and enclosing the measuring tool to a custom housing, resembling a FOUP (Front Opening Unified Pod), allowing wafer sorting apparatus to load and unload test specimen for measuring. The measuring concept consists of rotary stage, where the wafer is loaded and rotated in addition to linear stage, that holds a confocal sensor above the wafer and moves it across the surface of the wafer, measuring the profile of the wafer, rotated every defined number of degrees between the measurements. Gravity induced deflection is eliminated by flipping the wafer using same wafer sorting apparatus and measuring the wafer inverted, thus allowing to estimate the true shape of the wafer.  The concept was developed in more detail, drawings for manufacturing the parts were created and the parts for building a functional prototype were ordered. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, there were inevitable communication difficulties and delays in lead times, resulting in parts arriving on the last days of the internship, leaving no time for assembling and testing the actual prototype, therefore proof of concept is yet left to be tested by the employees of the company. / Vrängda kiselplattor och de problem som uppstår på grund av det är ett känt fenomen inom halvledarindustrin. För att kringgå dessa problem behövs god mätnoggranhet och det nuvarande sättet att hantera vrängda kiselplattor på inom företaget är långt från idealt. En batch kiselplattor hämtas hos kunden med antagandet att alla kiselplattor är identiskt vrängda. Ett enda exemplar som representerar hela batchen väljs sedan ut och skickas till ett externt mätföretag. Metoden som används för att mäta kiselplattan innehåller föroreningar och metoden repar även kiselplattan, som därmed inte kan användas efteråt. Utöver mätmetodens brister tillkommer även en utökad logistik och större materialspill som tillför kostnader för företaget.  Examensarbetets syfte är att förbättra mätmetoden som används för att utvärdera kiselplattornas vrängning och målet med projektet är att utveckla en prototyp som tillåter att mätmetoden görs internt inom företaget.  Rapporten innehåller metodiken som användes för att uppnå det slutgiltiga konceptet samt resultatet, och innehåller planeringsmoment samt projektets delmoment som: WBS, GANNT, funktionsnedbrytning, kravspecifikationer samt urvalsmatriser.  Det valda konceptet består av en sorteringsmaskin kombinerat med mätutrustningen och liknar en FOUP (Front Opening Unified Pod), vilket tillåter sorteringsmaskinen att tillföra och byta ut kiselplattorna som ska mätas. Mätutrustningen består av en roterande rörelse hos kiselplattan och en linjär rörelse hos en konfokal sensor placerad ovanför kiselplattan. Kombinationen av de båda rörelserna tillåter att hela kiselplattans yta mäts med ett givet vinkel- och radiellt steg. Genom att vända kiselplattan uppochner med sorteringsmaskinen och utföra samma mätning igen kan kiselplattans korrekta form estimeras genom att eliminera gravitationseffekten.  Konceptet utvecklades i detalj och tillverkningsunderlag och ritningar togs fram samt komponenter avsedda för tillverkning av en prototyp beställdes. På grund av COVID-19 pandemin uppstod dock kommunikationssvårigheter och förseningar i ledtider. Detta påverkade leveranserna och en del komponenter kom inte fram förrän i slutet av examensarbetet och det fanns därmed ingen tid över för montering eller tester som kan styrka konceptet, vilket får lämnas över till företagets anställda.
20

Study of GaN Based Nanostructures and Hybrids

Forsberg, Mathias January 2016 (has links)
GaN and its alloys with Al and In belong to the group III nitride semiconductors and are today the materials of choice for efficient white light emitting diodes (LEDs) enabling energy saving solid state lighting. Currently, there is a great interest in the development of novel inexpensive techniques to fabricate hybrid LEDs combining high quality III-N quantum well (QW) structures with inexpensive colloidal nanoparticles or conjugated polymers. Such hybrid devices are promising for future micro-light sources in full-color displays, sensors and imaging systems. Organics can be engineered to emit at different wavelengths or even white light based on functional groups or by blend of several polymers. This is especially important for the green region, where there is still a lack of efficient LEDs. Besides optoelectronics, other applications such as biochemical sensors or systems for water splitting can be realized using GaN-based nanostructures. Despite a significant progress in the field, there is still a need in fundamental understanding of many problems and phenomena in III-nitride based nanostructures and hybrids to fully utilize material properties on demand of specific applications. In this thesis, hybrid structures based on AlGaN/GaN QWs and colloidal ZnO nano-crystals have been fabricated for down conversion of the QW emission utilizing non-radiative (Förster) resonant energy transfer. Time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) was used to investigate the QW exciton dynamics depending on the cap layer thickness in the bare QW and in the hybrid samples. Although the surface potential influences the exciton dynamics, the maximum pumping efficiency assuming a non-radiative energy transfer mechanism was estimated to be ~40 % at 60 K in the structure with thin cap layer of 3 nm. Since bulk GaN of large area is difficult to synthesize, there is a lack of native substrates. Thus, GaN-based structures are usually grown on SiC or sapphire, which results in high threading dislocation density in the active layer of the device and can be the reason of efficiency droop in GaN based LED structures. Fabricating GaN nanorods (NR) can be a way to produce GaN with lower defect density since threading dislocations can be annihilated toward the NR wall during growth. Here, GaN(0001) NRs grown on Si(111) substrates by magnetron sputtering using a liquid Ga target have been investigated. A high quality of NRs have been confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and TRPL. Two strong near band gap emission lines at ~3.42 eV and ~3.47 eV related to basal plane stacking faults (SF) and donor-bound exciton (DBE), respectively, have been observed at low temperatures. TRPL properties of the SF PL line suggest that SFs form a regular structure similar to a multiple QWs, which was confirmed by TEM. The SF related PL measured at 5 K for a single NR has a significantly different polarization response compared to the GaN exciton line and is much stronger polarized (> 40 %) in the direction perpendicular to the NR growth axis. Hybrids fabricated using GaN NRs and the green emitting polyfluorene (F8BT) have been studied using micro-TRPL. In contrast to the DBE emission, the recombination time of the SF-related emission was observed to decrease, which might be due to the Förster resonance energy transfer mechanism. Compared to chemical vapor deposition, sputtering allows synthesis at much lower temperatures. Here, sputtering was employed to grow InAlN/GaN heterostructures with an indium content targeted to ~18 %, which is lattice matched to GaN. This means that near strain-free GaN films can be synthesized. It was found that using a lower temperature (~25 C) while depositing the top InAlN results in an improved interface quality compared to deposition at 700 C. In latter case, regions of quaternary alloy of InAlGaN forming structural micro-defects have been observed at the top InAlN/GaN interface in addition to optically active flower-like defect formations.

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